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Academia Open
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27147444     DOI : https://doi.org/10.21070/acopen
Core Subject : Economy, Humanities, Health, Science, Education, Agriculture, Art, Social,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Chemistry Computer Science & IT Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Environmental Science Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Social Sciences Other
Academia Open is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo published 2 (two) issues per year (June and December). This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This journal aims is to provide a place for academics and practitioners to publish original research and review articles. The articles basically contains any topics research or review. Academia Open is available in online version. Language used in this journal is Indonesia or English. Academia Open is an open access journal publishing scientifically accurate and valuable research across life, physical, social, and medical sciences.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 1,464 Documents
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Evaluating Tourism Export Performance in Uzbekistan: Evidence from Empirical Survey Findings F.A, Bekmurodova
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.13027

Abstract

General background: Tourism export has emerged as a strategic economic sector for diversifying national income, particularly for countries possessing substantial cultural and natural resources. Specific background: Uzbekistan, despite its rich cultural heritage and ongoing infrastructure development, faces challenges in maximizing its tourism export potential in the competitive global market. Knowledge gap: While previous studies have examined general tourism development patterns in Uzbekistan, empirical evidence regarding international visitors' perceptions and experiences remains notably limited. Aims: This study addresses this gap by investigating tourism export challenges from foreign visitors' perspectives through systematic survey analysis. Results: Based on questionnaire data from 172 international tourists collected during 2020-2023, findings reveal critical deficiencies in marketing strategies (84% rated performance as inadequate), limited infrastructure for eco-tourism and adventure tourism, and insufficient global information dissemination, though gastronomic and cultural tourism received favorable assessments. Novelty: This research contributes original empirical insights through direct visitor feedback rather than econometric modeling, providing authentic perspectives on service quality gaps. Implications: The study offers evidence-based recommendations for enhancing market segmentation, upgrading tourism facilities, and implementing targeted marketing interventions to strengthen Uzbekistan's competitive position in international tourism markets.Highlight : Highlights the underused tourism export potential despite strong cultural and historical assets. Shows low marketing visibility and limited eco-adventure facilities as major barriers. Emphasizes survey-based evidence revealing visitors’ needs for better infrastructure and diversified tourism products. Keywords : Tourism Export Performance, Visitor Perceptions, Service Quality, Marketing Gaps, Infrastructure Challenges
Rosmarinic Acid in Aromatic Herbs: A Green Extraction and HPLC Approach Abd-Alwahab, Hadeel S.; Jawad, Rawaa F.
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.13033

Abstract

General background: Aromatic herbs from the Lamiaceae family represent valuable sources of rosmarinic acid (RA), a polyphenolic compound with notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and neuroprotective properties. Specific background: Traditional extraction methods such as Soxhlet and maceration consume excessive solvents and time while potentially degrading thermolabile compounds. Knowledge gap: Despite growing interest in green extraction technologies, limited validated protocols exist for combining ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for efficient RA quantification across multiple aromatic species. Aims: This study developed and validated a sustainable UAE-HPLC method for extracting and quantifying RA from six aromatic herbs: Laurus nobilis, Thymus vulgaris, Salvia rosmarinus, Anethum graveolens, Mentha viridis, and Salvia officinalis. Results: Using ethanol:water (70:30 v/v) at 40 kHz and 250 W, optimal extraction occurred within 2.5-10 minutes, with Thymus vulgaris yielding the highest RA concentration (170,500 µg/mL). HPLC analysis demonstrated excellent linearity (R² > 0.998) and reproducibility. Novelty: This approach significantly reduces solvent consumption and extraction time while maintaining analytical precision. Implications: The validated UAE-HPLC platform provides a robust, environmentally friendly analytical framework for sustainable utilization of RA-rich herbs in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.Highlight : UAE offers a rapid, low-solvent, and environmentally friendly approach for extracting RA. Variation in RA yields reflects differences in plant tissue structure and extraction conditions. HPLC provides reliable quantification, supporting accurate and consistent analysis of RA. Keywords : Rosmarinic Acid, Aromatic Herbs, Ultrasound-assisted Extraction, HPLC, Green Extraction
Structural Analysis of Carbapenems and β-Lactamase Resistance Sunaid, Hayder Kadhim
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.13036

Abstract

General Background: Carbapenem antibiotics represent a critical class of β-lactam agents widely used to manage severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Specific Background: Their unique structure—particularly the carbon substitution at C-1 and the C2–C3 double bond—confers exceptional stability against β-lactamase-mediated hydrolysis. Knowledge Gap: However, the molecular determinants that govern their interaction with penicillin-binding proteins and resistance to β-lactamases remain insufficiently explained. Aims: This study analyzes the structural characteristics of carbapenems and explains how these features relate to bacterial β-lactamase resistance. Results: Findings show that core structural modifications strengthen carbapenem binding to PBPs, disrupt peptidoglycan cross-linking, and maintain activity against extended-spectrum and metallo-β-lactamase-producing bacteria. Novelty: The work synthesizes current structural–activity insights to clarify how specific molecular configurations preserve carbapenem potency. Implications: These insights support rational drug design for next-generation carbapenems capable of combating emerging resistance threats within clinical settings. Highlights: Structural features of carbapenems determine stability against β-lactamases. Binding to PBPs remains central to their bactericidal activity. Findings support future development of improved carbapenem derivatives. Keywords: Carbapenem, β-Lactamase, Molecular Structure, Antibiotic Resistance, PBPs
Geochemical Signatures of Major Elements in Shintaku Granitic Rocks Chukwu, E.C.; Ekwueme, B.N.; Hetherington, C.J.; Werts, K.; Ugwu, A. C.; Agbi, I.
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.13041

Abstract

General Background This study examines the geochemical behavior of granitic rocks in the Shintaku area, a region within the Nigerian Basement Complex where magmatic evolution remains debated due to limited integrated structural–geochemical data. Specific Background Earlier works suggest that Pan-African tectonism produced heterogeneous magmas in southwest Lokoja, yet the mechanisms generating the acidic and intermediate intrusive rocks in this locality are still insufficiently constrained. Knowledge Gap Despite numerous metamorphic studies, the petrogenesis and geochemical pathways of the granitic bodies in southeastern Lokoja have not been comprehensively analyzed using modern analytical techniques. Aims This research investigates magma sources, fractionation trends, and alumina saturation indices to reconstruct the magmatic evolution of the Shintaku granites. Results Major element compositions show enrichment in SiO2, Al2O3, and alkalis, with smooth Harker trends implying fractional crystallization, while rough trends indicate partial melting and magma mixing. The coexistence of metaluminous and peraluminous signatures, along with subalkaline affinities, supports heterogeneous mantle–crust melt interaction. Novelty This study provides the first integrated petrographic and geochemical characterization of the Shintaku granites using XRF, SEM, and LA-ICP-MS datasets. Implications Findings refine the petrogenetic model of southeastern Lokoja and offer a stronger basis for assessing mineralization potential and regional tectonomagmatic evolution.Highlight : Highlights major compositional variations that reflect the influence of magma fractionation. Emphasizes evidence of partial melting and magma mixing as drivers of magma heterogeneity. Confirms the S-type granitoid character linked to peraluminous supracrustal sources. Keywords : Granitic Rocks, Magmatic Fractionation, Fractional Crystallization, Partial Melting, Magma Mixing
Job Analysis Using The DACUM Method An Applied Study Of The Opinions Of A Sample Of Department Heads In The Colleges Of The University Of Babylon Hussein, Maysoon Ali; Hassan, Reem Qasim; Ali, Mohammed sadeq Mohammed
Academia Open Vol. 10 No. 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.10.2025.12994

Abstract

General Background: Human resource management increasingly depends on accurate job analysis to ensure the optimal allocation of duties, qualifications, and organizational structures. Specific Background: The DACUM (Design a Curriculum) methodology has gained prominence as a competency-based approach that systematically identifies duties and tasks directly from job holders, allowing alignment between actual job content and institutional expectations. Knowledge Gap: Despite its advantages, limited empirical evidence exists on the effectiveness of DACUM for academic administrative roles in Middle Eastern higher education, particularly regarding its capacity to reduce discrepancies between job descriptions and real job practices. Aims: This study investigates the degree of DACUM application among department heads at the University of Babylon and examines its role in improving job analysis, job descriptions, and organizational clarity. Results: Quantitative analysis of 25 valid questionnaires revealed high response intensities across DACUM components, with an overall mean score of 3.69, indicating strong perceived relevance. Several items achieved response strengths exceeding 90%, demonstrating broad agreement that DACUM enhances alignment between duties, competencies, and administrative needs. Novelty: The study provides empirical validation of DACUM within an academic administrative context, offering a structured model that integrates theory, practice, and local organizational requirements. Implications: Findings highlight the value of adopting DACUM to reduce role ambiguity, refine training needs, improve performance evaluation systems, and strengthen the linkage between organizational structures and labor-market expectations within higher education institutions.Highlight : DACUM clarifies duties, responsibilities, and competencies for more accurate job analysis. Employees serve as the primary source for describing actual job content. DACUM aligns job analysis with training needs in a relevant way. Keywords : DACUM Mechanism, Job Analysis, Heads of Scientific Departments, Organizational Structure, Training Programs
Employment Relationship Interpretation for Informal Workers in Supreme Court Decision: Penafsiran Hubungan Kerja Pekerja Informal dalam Putusan Mahkamah Agung Rahmawati, Qurnia; Nailul, Ahmad
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13276

Abstract

General Background: Employment relationships in Indonesian labor law are determined by cumulative elements of work, wages, and orders as the basis for legal protection. Specific Background: Supreme Court Decision Number 656 K/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2024 raises debate on the interpretation of these elements in the context of informal workers with flexible work patterns. Knowledge Gap: There is tension between a formalistic normative approach and the need for substantive legal protection for informal workers in modern labor dynamics. Aims: This study aims to analyze how the Supreme Court interprets the elements of work, wages, and orders and to examine its implications for labor law protection. Results: The Court interprets the elements strictly based on statutory provisions, concluding that wages are not fixed due to a ritase system, the element of orders is absent due to lack of subordination and work regulation, and work is not continuous or structurally integrated, leading to the classification of the relationship as a partnership rather than an employment relationship. Novelty: The study highlights a recent judicial decision within the evolving context of flexible work arrangements and informal labor classification. Implications: Although normatively consistent with labor regulations, the interpretation reflects a formalistic approach that potentially limits substantive legal protection for informal workers, indicating the need for more progressive legal interpretation oriented toward worker protection principles. Highlights• Strict cumulative interpretation determines legal classification as partnership• Flexible work patterns exclude recognition of normative wage structure• Formal legal reasoning constrains protection scope for non-formal labor KeywordsEmployment Relationship; Informal Workers; Legal Protection; Supreme Court Decision; Labour Law
The Role of Generative Artificial Intelligence in the Success of Digital Project Management Hashim, Muntaha Manate
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13314

Abstract

General Background: Digital transformation has fundamentally altered administrative work through generative artificial intelligence (GAI), which enables human activity in developing novel content and creative solutions beyond existing paradigms. Specific Background: While GAI's theoretical frameworks are established globally, its integration with digital project management success within Arab administrative structures remains underexplored, particularly regarding how GAI dimensions interact with organizational efficiency. Knowledge Gap: Despite GAI's growing prominence, empirical evidence linking its specific dimensions—task definition, AI contribution, interaction methodology, AI structure, and human personality—to digital project management outcomes in developing economies is limited. Aims: This study investigates the relationship between GAI dimensions and digital project management success (organizational structure, technology, and digital innovation) among 188 employees at Iraq's Karbala Investment Authority using structural equation modeling. Results: GAI explains 43% of variance in digital project management success, with human personality (β=0.402), task definition (β=0.343), and AI contribution (β=0.278) showing significant positive effects, while interaction methodology and AI structure demonstrated non-significant impacts. Novelty: This research provides the first empirical Arabic-context framework demonstrating that human skills, behavior, and experience remain the primary drivers of digital project success when combined with GAI. Implications: Organizations must invest in behavioral and technical capabilities through command engineering training and digital simulation to bridge skills gaps and enable human-machine symbiosis for competitive advantage.Keywords : Generative Artificial Intelligence, Digital Project Management, AI Dimensions, Organizational Digital Transformation, Human-AI CollaborationHighlight : Human skills and behavior remain the primary driver of digital project success. Clear task definition significantly enhances AI-powered project automation and efficiency outcomes. AI contribution and human personality show stronger impact than technical infrastructure flexibility.
BYOND BSI Mobile Banking Usability Marginal Category with SUS 63.42: Usabilitas Mobile Banking BYOND BSI Kategori Marginal dengan SUS 63,42 Herawati, Nadia; Septiadi, Jaka
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13383

Abstract

General Background: Digital transformation in Islamic banking requires mobile banking applications with high usability to ensure customer satisfaction. Specific Background: BYOND by BSI represents a flagship mobile banking platform whose usability determines user acceptance and service quality. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies mainly evaluated older versions or competitor applications, leaving a lack of comprehensive and recent usability assessment of the re-branded BYOND by BSI. Aims: This study aims to measure the usability level of BYOND by BSI and identify interface interaction barriers using System Usability Scale (SUS) and Heuristic Evaluation (HE). Results: Findings show a SUS score of 63.42, placing the application in the “Marginal” acceptability category with “OK” rating (Grade C-), supported by heuristic issues such as linear navigation, inconsistent visual feedback, limited user control, absence of shortcut features, and inadequate help access. Novelty: The study integrates user-based SUS measurement with expert-based heuristic evaluation to provide a comprehensive usability analysis of a re-branded Islamic mobile banking application. Implications: The results provide a structured roadmap for interface redesign, focusing on navigation improvement, visual consistency, and feature optimization to achieve the acceptable usability threshold (72.6) and improve user experience quality. Highlights SUS score indicates usability positioned below acceptable threshold Interface issues identified in navigation structure and visual feedback consistency Integrated evaluation reveals detailed technical barriers from user and expert perspectives KeywordsSystem Usability Scale; Heuristic Evaluation; Usability; BYOND BSI; Islamic Mobile Banking      
Principals Strategies for Merdeka Curriculum Implementation in Early Childhood Education: Strategi Kepala Sekolah dalam Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka pada PAUD Kristina, Eva; Munawar, Munawar; Khairani, Cut; Siraj, Siraj; Najmuddin, Najmuddin ⁠
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13388

Abstract

General Background: The implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in Early Childhood Education requires strategic leadership to support learning transformation. Specific Background: Variations in school readiness, human resource capacity, and local conditions present challenges in Aceh Tamiang Regency. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have largely focused on primary and secondary education, with limited attention to principal strategies in early childhood education contexts. Aims: This study aims to analyze principals’ strategies in implementing the Merdeka Curriculum at the PAUD level based on Mintzberg’s strategic dimensions: plan, ploy, pattern, and perspective. Results: Using a qualitative multisite case study approach in three kindergartens, the findings reveal that principals align school vision with the Pancasila student profile, develop collaborative programs, empower teachers through training and mentoring, implement consistent monitoring and evaluation, and foster a child-centered learning culture. Novelty: This study extends the application of Mintzberg’s strategic framework to early childhood education leadership within the Merdeka Curriculum context. Implications: The findings provide a practical reference for principals and policymakers in designing contextual, collaborative, and sustainable leadership strategies to support curriculum implementation in early childhood education. HIGHLIGHTS • Alignment of institutional vision with national student character framework guides implementation• Teacher empowerment conducted through structured training and collaborative learning communities• Continuous evaluation and routine practices sustain child-centered learning environments KEYWORDS Principals Strategies; Merdeka Curriculum; Early Childhood Education; Educational Leadership; Curriculum Implementation
Google Sites Interactive Multimedia Improves Elementary Islamic Education Outcomes: Multimedia Interaktif Google Sites Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar PAI Sekolah Dasar Yusup, Ade; wahyudin, din; nasrulah, iman; Darmawan, Deni; Rahadian, Dian; Rahayu, Ayu Puji
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13432

Abstract

General Background: Islamic Religious Education (PAI) plays a strategic role in shaping students’ character, morality, and spirituality at the elementary level. Specific Background: However, PAI learning is often constrained by conventional methods, limited instructional media, and low student engagement, resulting in suboptimal learning outcomes. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies have predominantly focused on general subjects and secondary education, with limited research examining Google Sites–based interactive multimedia specifically for PAI in elementary schools with comprehensive evaluation. Aims: This study aims to develop and evaluate Google Sites–based interactive multimedia in terms of feasibility, practicality, and learning outcomes in PAI. Results: Using the ADDIE model and data from validation, student responses, and pretest–posttest analysis, the multimedia achieved high feasibility (average 95.1%), strong practicality (94.5%), and significant improvement in learning outcomes (mean score increased from 64.8 to 85.6; Wilcoxon significance 0.000). Novelty: The study provides a context-specific development of web-based interactive multimedia tailored to elementary PAI learning with comprehensive validation and testing. Implications: The findings indicate that Google Sites–based multimedia can serve as an accessible and structured digital learning medium supporting student engagement and improved academic performance in elementary Islamic education. Highlights• High feasibility achieved through expert validation across media, material, and instruction• Strong student response indicating ease of use, clarity, and attractive design• Significant score gains confirmed through nonparametric statistical testing KeywordsInteractive Multimedia; Google Sites; Learning Outcomes; Islamic Education; Elementary School

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