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MEDIA PETERNAKAN - Journal of Animal Science and Technology

mediapeternakan
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Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor

ISSN : - EISSN : - DOI : -

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

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Articles 522 Documents

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Genetic Polymorphisms of the Coding Region (Exon 6) of Calpastatin in Indonesian Sheep M I.A Dagong; C Sumantri; R R Noor; R Herman; M Yamin
Media Peternakan Vol. 34 No. 3 (2011): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Calpastatin (CAST) is an indigenous inhibitor of calpain that involved in regulation of protein turn over and growth. The objective of this research was to identify genetic polymorphisms in the entire exon 6 of calpastatin gene in Indonesian local sheep. A PCR-SSCP method was carried out to identify genetic variation of CAST gene. In total 258 heads of local sheep from 8 populations were investigated, three groups of samples were Thin Tail Sheep (TTS) from Sukabumi, Jonggol, and Kissar. The rest samples were Priangan sheep (PS) from Margawati (Garut meat type) and Wanaraja (Garut fighting type) and Fat Tail Sheep (FTS) from Donggala, Sumbawa, and Rote islands. SSCP analysis revealed that three different SSCP patterns corresponded to three different alleles in the CAST locus (CAST-1, 2, and 3 allele) with five different genotypes. Genetic variation between local sheep populations were calculated based on genotypic and allelic frequencies. Most populations studied were polymorphic, with genotype frequencies of CAST-11, CAST-12, CAST-22, CAST-32, and CAST-33 were 0.286, 0.395, 0.263, 0.046, and 0.007 respectively. CAST-1 and 2 alleles were most commonly found in all populations with total frequency was 0.970, while CAST-3 was a rare allele 0.030 and only found in TTS population. Variation in the CAST gene could be used for the next research as genetic diversity study or to find any association between CAST polymorphism with birth weight, growth trait and carcass quality in Indonesian local sheep.

Deer Frozen Semen Quality in Tris Sucrose and Tris Glucose Extender with Different Glycerol Concentrations W M. M Nalley; R Handarini; R I Arifiantini; T L Yusuf; B Purwantara; G Semiadi
Media Peternakan Vol. 34 No. 3 (2011): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

In order to improve Timor deer (Cervus timorensis) frozen semen quality, the influence of sugar and glycerol concentration on semen characteristics of sperm was investigated. The semen was collected from five sexually mature Timor deer using an electroejaculator. The semen was evaluated and divided into six equal tubes and diluted with Tris sucrose glycerol 10% (TSG10); Tris sucrose glycerol 12% (TSG12); Tris sucrose glycerol 14% (TSG14); Tris glucose glycerol 10% (TGG10); Tris glucose glycerol 12% (TGG12); and Tris glucose glycerol 14% (TGG14). The diluted semen was packed in 0.3 ml minitub straw, equilibrated at 5 oC for 4 hours and frozen on liquid nitrogen vapor for 10 minutes. The total of forward motility, viability, acrosome integrity and membrane integrity were assessed in fresh, after equilibration and after thawing. Results demonstrated that the percentage of sperm motility in TSG10was higher (P (63.93±7.23%). The sperm in TSG10 and TSG14 extender were superior in acrosome as well as in membrane integrity. It was concluded that Tris Sucrose with 10% glycerol protected Timor deer sperm better than other combinations.

Rumen Fermentation, Blood Metabolites, and Performance of Sheep Fed Tropical Browse Plants D A Astuti; A S Baba; I WT Wibawan
Media Peternakan Vol. 34 No. 3 (2011): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

The in vitro study was designed to evaluate total gas production, dry matter degradability (DMD), and VFA profile; while in vivo study was designed to evaluate nutrient intakes, blood metabolites, and performance of sheep fed native grass mixed with Calliandra calothyrrus (CC), Leucaena leucochepala (LL), Moringa oleifera (MO), Gliricidea sepium (GS), and Artocarpus heterophyllus (AH). The best three from the in vitro results were used to formulate diets in in vivo study. Sixteen male growing sheep (average BW 20 kg) were fed 100% native grass (NG) as control; 70% NG + 30% GS; 70% NG + 30% MO; and 70% NG + 30% AH. Nutrient consumptions, DMD, blood metabolites, and sheep performances were analyzed by using Completely Randomized Design. The in vitro results showed that the total gas production and DMD of CC and LL were the lowest (P<0.05) while the highest was found in GS, MO, and AH treatments (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the in vivo results showed that nutrient intakes (DM, CP, and CF) of GS and AH rations were the highest. The ADG, concentration of albumin, and globulin in all treatments were similar, while total serum protein, triglycerides, and glucose concentration in MO and AH rations were higher than others. Serum cholesterol concentration in MO ration was the lowest, meanwhile the concentration of IgG was the highest (P<0.05). Supplementation of 30% MO was the best choice for optimum rumen fermentation and maintaining health status of local sheep.

Determination of in Vitro Digestibility of Tropical Feeds Using Cattle Faeces as Rumen Fluid Alternative R Utomo; M Soedjono; B P Widyobroto; . Sudirman
Media Peternakan Vol. 34 No. 3 (2011): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

The research was conducted to compare the ability of faeces dissolved in distilled water (P1), saline solution (P2), artificial saliva (P3), and rumen fluid (RF) as sources of inoculant in in vitro organic matter digestibilities (IVOMD) of rice straw, corn stover, napier grass, and pangola grass. The rumen fluid was collected from two rumen fistulated Ongole Crossbred Cows of 306 and 333 kg body weight (BW). The cows were fed 3% of BW consisted of 70% napier grass and 30% concentrate. At the end of 30 days feeding, faecal solution was made out of 350 g fresh faeces dissolved in 1 l of each solvent, homogenized using blender for 30 second, while rumen liquor were collected directly from fistula. After straining with four layers of cheesecloth both faecal solution and rumen liquid were mixed with artificial saliva (1:4 v/v). Fifty ml of each inoculants was pipetted into each incubator tube (100 ml) containing 500 mg sample. The tubes were then incubated at 39 oC for 48 h. Value of IVOMD of napier grass, rice straw, corn stover, and pangola grass did not differ among the faecal solvents, but significantly lower (Pin vitro organic matter to predict digestibility of fibrous feed determination. However, the faecal solvent as inoculant produced lower in vitro digestibility than that of rumen fluid.

Mineral Utilization in Rams Fed Ration Supplemented with Different Levels of Chromium, Calcium, and Cation-Anion Balances D Sudrajat; T Toharmat; A Boediono; I G Permana; R I Arifiantini; F Amir
Media Peternakan Vol. 34 No. 3 (2011): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Chromium (Cr) is an essential mineral for ruminants. Its metabolism and interactions with other minerals has not been widely known. This experiment was designed to evaluate the utilization of minerals and growth of Garut ram fed ration supplemented with Cr and different Dietary Cation Anion Balance (DCAB) and Ca level. Dietary treatments, namely: R0 (Ration with DCAB+14); R1 (Ration with DCAB+14 + Cr 3ppm,); R2 (Ration with DCAB 0 + Ca); R3 (Ration with DCAB 0 + Cr 3 ppm + Ca), were allocated in twenty four of 1.5-2 years old Garut rams in a randomized block design. The results showed that Cr supplementation in rations containing different levels of Ca did not affect feed intake, body weight gain, and dry matter digestibility, but reduced the absorption of Cr and Ca of the low Ca diet. Supplementation of Cr had no effect on Cr, Ca, Zn, and Mg status in blood and semen of the rams. Level of Cr intake had negative correlation with Ca absorption and positive correlation with blood Cr levels. There is a positive relationship between level of Ca intake with Ca and Mg absorption and blood Ca and Zn levels. Intake of Cr and Ca was not related to the semen Cr and Ca levels.

Factors Determining Farmers’ Decision on Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Vaccination at the Small Poultry Farms in Western Java N Ilham; M Iqbal
Media Peternakan Vol. 34 No. 3 (2011): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5398/medpet.2011.34.3.219

Vaccination of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is one of the control measures in poultry farm. There are several factors determining farmer's decision on the implementation of this vaccination. They are the type of poultry, the experience of farmers in the poultry farm, the pattern of poultry farm management, the role of poultry farm on household income, the scale of poultry farm, the mortality rate of poultry, the cost of medication, and the case of HPAI. The analysis result showed that two factors namely type of poultry and the role of poultry farm on household income had significant influence on farmer's decision to implement HPAI vaccination. In fact, the implementation of HPAI vaccination would be more effective in independent farms since the risk of this disease was single-handedly borne by farmers. Apart from that, the implementation of HPAI vaccination would also be more effective in farms that had never been infected by HPAI, particularly layer farms. Overall, HPAI vaccination would be more effectively implemented through supporting biosecurity measures in poultry farms.

Inhibitory of Encapsulated Earthworm Extract (Lumbricus rubellus) on Pathogenic Bacteria in Vitro L Istiqomah; H Herdian; E Damayanti; S N Hayati; H Julendra
Media Peternakan Vol. 35 No. 1 (2012): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

The objective of this study was to determine the inhibitory of earthworm (Lumbricus rubellus) extract (ECT) and encapsulated earthworm extract (ECT-t) as poultry feed additive against some pathogenic bacteria. Earthwom extract was prepared by dekokta method with water at 90 ºC then encapsulated by spray drying with maltodextrin as filler. In vitro antibacterial activity was performed using dilution method against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella pullorum, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The optical density results showed that started from ECT level 0.26% inhibited (PP. aeruginosa and S. aureus, while ECT level 0.52% inhibited (PE. coli and S. pullorum along with the increased levels of concentration. The percentage of growth showed that ECT level 1.04% had inhibitory (PE. coli and P. aeruginosa, while ECT level 0.52% showed antibacterial activity (PS. aureus. The result showed that S. aureus was the most sensitive bacterium to earthworms extract. ECT-t level 0.78% and 1.04% measured by spectrophotometer showed inhibitory (PP. aeruginosa and S. pullorum respectively. While ECT-t level 0.26% measured by spread plate count method showed inhibitory activity against P. aeruginosa. LD50 of E. coli and P. aeruginosa were found at ECT level 1.04%, while LD50 of S. aureus was found at level 0.52%. LD50 of P. aeruginosa was found at ECT-t level 0.52%. There were no antibacterial action (P>0.05) of ECT and ECT-t against S. pullorum.

Production of Synbiotic Yogurt-Like Using Indigenous Lactic Acid Bacteria as Functional Food M Astawan; T Wresdiyati; . Suliantri; I I Arief; R Septiawan
Media Peternakan Vol. 35 No. 1 (2012): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Yoghurt is a product of fermented milk using Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus as culture starter. Indigenous probiotic lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus plantarum 2C12 or Lactobacillus acidophilus 2B4, were applied in the making of functional synbiotic yoghurt-like with 5% of fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) as a prebiotic source. The aim of this study was to determine the best formula of functional synbiotic yoghurt-like among four formulas: F1 (L. bulgaricus + S. thermophilus), F2 (L. bulgaricus + S. thermophilus + L. plantarum 2C12), F3 (L. bulgaricus+ S. thermophilus + L. acidophilus 2B4), and F4 (L. bulgaricus + S. thermophilus + L. plantarum 2C12 + L. acidophilus 2B4) to be choosen and followed detection of it's flavor to improve the product quality and consumer acceptance. The results showed that the F3 synbiotic yogurt made from mixed culture L. bulgaricus, S. thermophilus, and L. acidophilus 2B4 had the highest antibacterial effect against Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). Addition of 1.75% natural corn starch as a stabilizer produced optimum improvement in yoghurt consistency and minimize whey separation. Result of sensory evaluation indicated that the yoghurt with addition of 1% strawberry flavor and 0.1% vanilla flavor were ranked at first and second. Yoghurts were still good to be consumed after 15 d storage period at the refrigeration temperature (10 oC).

The Use of Cytochrome b Gene as a Specific Marker of the Rat Meat (Rattus norvegicus) on Meat and Meat Products H Nuraini; A Primasari; E Andreas; C Sumantri
Media Peternakan Vol. 35 No. 1 (2012): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Falsification of the origin of livestock meat and its processed with rat meat is a problem that must be overcome to ensure food safety. One way that is often used to detect forgeries by using cytochrome b gene as a marker. The purpose of this study was to create a specific primer derived from cytochrome b sequences in rat (Rattus norvegicus) as the DNA marker to detect any contamination of rat meat on fresh livestock meat and its processed meat products. Meatballs were made from beef meat with the addition of rat 1%-25%, and the meatballs were obtained from traditional markets. DNA extraction was conducted from seven species (goat, chicken, cattle, sheep, pig, horse, and rat) by using phenol-chloroform. The highest success rate in detecting the presence of rat meat in a mixture of beef meatballs at concentration of 15% was 100%. The specific fragment of cytochrome b gene in R. norvegicus has no similarity with the cytochrome b gene from six other species, so it can be used as molecular markers to detect the presence of rat meat contamination in the processed of meat products. Amplified fragment length for goats, chickens, cattle, sheep, pigs, horses, and rats 157, 227, 274, 331, 398, 439 and 603 bp respectively. The amplification of cytochrome b gene in seven species of animals with different fragment length indicated the specificity of cytochrome b gene sequences among species.

Non Genetic Factors Affecting Pre-Weaning Weight and Growth Rate of Ettawah Grade Goats A Sodiq
Media Peternakan Vol. 35 No. 1 (2012): Media Peternakan
Publisher : Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of various non-genetic factors on live weights at different ages (at birth, 30, 60, 90, and 120 d of age), and on average daily gains (from birth to 30, 60, 90, and 120 d) of Ettawah Grade kids. Data from 314 records kids at the national village breeding centre of Kaligesing Purworejo Central Java province were analyzed. Results showed that average live weights at birth (BW= 3.44 kg), 30 d of age (W30= 7.19 kg), 60 d of age (W60= 11.05 kg), 90 d of age (W90= 14.75 kg), 120 d of age (W120= 18.86 kg), and average daily gain from birth until 30 d of age (ADG30= 125.6 g), 60 d of age (ADG60= 126.97 g), 90 d of age (ADG90= 125.87 g), 120 d of age (ADG120= 128.78 g) were influenced by sex, litter size, and age of dams. Means of BW, W30, W60, W90, W120, ADG30, ADG60, ADG90, and ADG120 of males were higher than females. Multiple (twin and triplets) born kids were lighter than single. Mean of body weight and average daily gain increased with the dam's age. The implication of these findings should be accounted in genetic evaluations and also should consider maternal ability for the improvement of Ettawah Grade.

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