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Usman Hadi
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Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Jl. Mayjen Prof. Moestopo 6-8 Surabaya 60285 Indonesia
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CURRENT INTERNAL MEDICINE RESEARCH AND PRACTICE SURABAYA JOURNAL
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : -     EISSN : 2721544X     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/cimrj.v1i2.21472
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
The scope for CIMRJ includes: Allergy, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Geriatrics, Hematology, Hepatology, Nephology, Rheumatology, Tropic.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran Internal
Articles 98 Documents
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Laboratory Parameter Profile in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients in the Inpatient Room of Internal Medicine at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya Septiarini, Namira Amelia; Wardhani, Puspa
Current Internal Medicine Research and Practice Surabaya Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): CURRENT INTERNAL MEDICINE RESEARCH AND PRACTICE SURABAYA JOURNAL (IN PRESS)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Background: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a liver cancer caused by abnormal cell changes, potentially fatal, and is the eighth most common cancer in the world. Diagnosis can be done through liver function tests, tumor markers, and imaging examinations. Thus study aimed to determine the profile of laboratory parameters in HCC patients at Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya in 2020-2022. Methods: The method used was a retrospective study of 67 patient medical records with secondary data collection through total sampling techniques. Laboratory tests performed included SGOT, SGPT, Albumin, Direct Bilirubin, Total Bilirubin, PT, aPTT, and AFP. Results: This study showed that the most common age group was 55-59 years, with the majority of patients being male (70.14%) from East Java (91%). The main complaints were abdominal discomfort and abdominal enlargement (61.19%), with the highest causative factor being Hepatitis B (44.77%). Most patients were at BCLC stage D (17.18%). Laboratory parameters showed median and minimum maximum values for SGOT were 135 (20.76–1436), SGPT 59 (17–671), albumin level 2.96 ± 0.62, direct bilirubin 1 (0.02–22.96), total bilirubin 2.05 (0.09–30.84), PT 14.7 (10.1–47.7), and aPTT 30.2 (20.7–85.5). A total of 16 patients had AFP levels above 400ng/mL. The results of USG and CT Scan examinations showed multiple tumors in most patients. Conclusion: The profile of HCC patients in the inpatient room internal medicine Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya in 2020-2022 was dominated by male patients aged 55-59 years, the main complaint was abdominal discomfort, the most common risk factors were Hepatitis B, BCLC stage D, abnormal liver function, total AFP levels above 400 ng/mL, and USG and CT-Scan examinations showed multiple tumors.
The Correlation of triglycerides and body mass index in diabetes patients with tuberculosis in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya Theresia Trishavena Yuanita Pramesty; Wahyunitisari, Manik Retno; Yudhawati, Resti; Setiabudi, Rebekah J.
Current Internal Medicine Research and Practice Surabaya Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): CURRENT INTERNAL MEDICINE RESEARCH AND PRACTICE SURABAYA JOURNAL (IN PRESS)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that can cause metabolic disturbances, including dyslipidemia, characterized by elevated triglyceride levels. Patients with DM are also at higher risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) due to compromised immune function. Body Mass Index (BMI), which reflects nutritional status, may influence triglyceride levels. In several studies on normal people, diabetics or the elderly, increasing BMI will be accompanied by an increase in triglycerides. This study aims to analyze the relationship between triglyceride levels and BMI in DM patients with TB in Dr. Soetomo Hospital from 2021 to 2022. Methods: 38 diabetic patients with tuberculosis, from 2021 to 2022, at Dr. Sutomo Hospital in Surabaya, were conducted in a cross-sectional study to determine the relationship between BMI and triglycerides. Results: There were an increase in triglyceride levels in each underweight, normoweight and overweight group werw 143.48(SD±57.83), 173.74 (SD±75.74) and 183.80 (SD±98.61), respectively. There was no a significant difference in body weight in each group (p=30). However, the increase was not significant. And when a correlation study was conducted between BMI and triglycerides, the results were also not significant (p=0,83). Conclusion: The absence of differences in triglyceride levels in each BMI group is possible due to the use of triglycerides for the formation of granuloma triglyserides syntesis in diabetics with tuberculosis. Keywords: Tuberculosis, Diabetes Mellitus, Triglyceride, Body Mass Index
The The Etiology, Classification, and Management of Shock: A Review Hapsari, Tita Agrippina Indira; Fetarayani, Deasy
Current Internal Medicine Research and Practice Surabaya Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): CURRENT INTERNAL MEDICINE RESEARCH AND PRACTICE SURABAYA JOURNAL (IN PRESS)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Abstract Shock is a critical condition resulting from circulatory failure, leading to inadequate oxygen delivery and potential organ dysfunction. Shock is classified into four main types: hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive, and obstructive shock, each with distinct pathophysiological mechanisms. Early recognition and intervention are crucial to preventing irreversible organ damage and death. The purpose of this literature review was to discuss the etiology, classification, and management of shock based on recent clinical guidelines. Diagnosis requires a thorough history, physical examination, and appropriate investigations to identify the underlying cause. Management focuses on rapid hemodynamic stabilization through fluid resuscitation, vasoactive agents, and targeted therapy. Hypovolemic shock is managed with aggressive fluid replacement, cardiogenic shock requires inotropic support and revascularization, distributive shock necessitates antimicrobial therapy and vasopressors, while obstructive shock demands immediate relief of mechanical obstruction. Advances in goal-directed therapy and precision medicine have improved survival rates; however, challenges remain in optimizing individualized treatment approaches. A multidisciplinary strategy and adherence to updated protocols are essential for improving patient outcomes and reducing shock-related mortality.
Exploring Caregiver Anxiety in the Daily Care of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: A Qualitative Study Wahono, Cesarius Singgih; Pratama, Mirza Zaka; Rahman, Perdana Aditya; Handono, Kusworini
Current Internal Medicine Research and Practice Surabaya Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): CURRENT INTERNAL MEDICINE RESEARCH AND PRACTICE SURABAYA JOURNAL (IN PRESS)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Introduction: Caregivers of patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) face significant emotional and psychological challenges due to the chronic and unpredictable nature of the disease. This study aimed to explore the anxiety experienced by caregivers in their daily caregiving roles. Methods: A qualitative, phenomenological approach was used to gain insights into the lived experiences of 15 caregivers providing daily care to SLE patients. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews, and thematic analysis was conducted to identify key themes related to caregiver anxiety. Results: Five main themes emerged: (1) Emotional Burden and Anxiety—Caregivers reported constant worry and stress due to the unpredictability of SLE; (2) Impact on Personal Life and Relationships—Caregiving responsibilities led to feelings of isolation and strained relationships; (3) Coping Mechanisms and Resilience—Caregivers utilized social support, religious practices, and routines to manage their anxiety; (4) Perceived Lack of Professional Support—Caregivers felt overlooked by healthcare providers and expressed a need for more comprehensive support services; (5) Long-Term Outlook and Future Uncertainty—Anxiety about the future and their ability to continue caregiving as they aged was a significant concern. Conclusion: The study highlights the multifaceted nature of caregiver anxiety in the context of SLE. There is a critical need for healthcare systems to provide holistic support that addresses both the emotional and practical needs of caregivers. By enhancing caregiver support, the overall well-being of both caregivers and patients can be improved.
Clinical And Endoscopic Profile of Patients of Dyspepsia Admitted in SMHS Hospital Srinagar: A Descriptive Study from Srinagar Zubair, Sheikh; Koul, Rakesh K; Shah, Nisar A; Dar, Maqsood Ahmad; Pala, Nazir Ahmad; Bhat, Hilal Mohi ud Din
Current Internal Medicine Research and Practice Surabaya Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): CURRENT INTERNAL MEDICINE RESEARCH AND PRACTICE SURABAYA JOURNAL (IN PRESS)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Introduction: Dyspepsia is one of the common but nonspecific medical complaint sought by adult population. It accounts for about 2-5% of all primary care consultations among adults and approximately 20 to 25 percent of patients with dyspepsia have an underlying organic cause. Evaluation of dyspepsia is important in view of the infective or neoplastic etiology in some cases thereby enabling the clinician or gastroenterologist to institute the cause specific treatment. This study was conducted in SMHS hospital of GMC Srinagar to evaluate the clinical and etiological features of patients with dyspepsia Aim and objective: To evaluate clinically the patients with dyspepsia and to establish the cause of dyspepsia by endoscopic examination. Study Design: This prospective observational hospital based study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine in collaboration with the Department of Gastroentrology and Hepatology, Government Medical College Srinagar, a tertiary health care centre in Kashmir over a period of one and half years. Patient with one or more of the symptoms like bothersome postprandial fullness, early satiation, epigastric pain , epigastric burning last more than 4 weeks and ≥18 years of age were included in the study. Patients with Age < 18 years, hemodynamicaly unstable patients, patients with history of upper GI surgery and radiation exposure were excluded. The patients underwent history, clinical examaination, baseline line investigations, Upper GI endoscopy, urea breath test and other relevant tests as required. Data was collected and evaluated with respect to the clinical findings and Upper GI endoscopy and urea breath test findings. Results: In this study a total of 600 patients were enrolled. The mean age of male patients was 50.4+14.4 years and 45.8+10.6 years in females. Most common comorbid illness was hypertension in 112 (18.67%) patients followed by diabetes mellitus in 104 (17.34%) and hypothyroidism in 74 (12.33%) patients. Most common EGD finding was antral gastritis observed in 252 (42%) patients in which non-erosive antral gastritis was seen in 210 (35%) and erosive antral gastritis in 42 (7%), malignancy, gastric polyp and gastroduodenitis were observed in 14 (2.33%) patients each besides other causes. Rapid urease test was done in 40 patients in which 33 (82.5%) were positive for H. pylori. Out of these 33 patients, 24 (72.7%) were having erosive gastritis, 6 (18.18%) had duodenal ulcer and 3 (9.9%) were normal on EGD. Conclusion: We conclude that UGI endoscopy being a simple procedure should be undertaken for early diagnosis of benign as well as malignant lesions in patient presenting with dyspepsia especially in those not responding to treatment.
Multi-Omics Profiling Of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Reveals Prognostic Biomarkers, HBV-Driven Oncogenic Networks, and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Genomic-Immune Crosstalk G, Tati; Blaise Angoma-Sindani; Richard Mavuela Maniansa; Rachel Milomba Velu; Blaise Tshibangu-Mbuebue; Ayesha Qasim; Emmanuel M. Migabo
Current Internal Medicine Research and Practice Surabaya Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): CURRENT INTERNAL MEDICINE RESEARCH AND PRACTICE SURABAYA JOURNAL (IN PRESS)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a molecularly heterogeneous malignancy with limited therapeutic biomarkers. While transcriptomic studies have identified dysregulated genes, their prognostic relevance, proteomic concordance, and interactions with hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutations remain underexplored. Methods: We integrated multi-omics analyses of two independent HCC cohorts (GEO datasets), proteomic profiling, survival data, HBV mutation associations, immune cell infiltration, drug sensitivity (GDSC), and genomic alteration patterns to define drivers of HCC progression. Results: We identified 23 genes including AURKA, CDK1, MKI67 linked to poor survival and genomic instability, and three protective genes (PLVAP, GSTA4, GREB1). HBV mutations (PreS, A1762T/G1764A) correlated with elevated expression of proliferative (TOP2A, RRM2) and metabolic (SQLE) genes, particularly in genotype C HCC. Despite minimal pathological stage variation, tumors exhibited robust cell cycle/EMT pathway activation (ASPM, CCNB1), highlighting molecular heterogeneity. Proliferative genes paradoxically associated with regulatory immune subsets (B cells, nTregs) and immunosuppression. Drug sensitivity analysis revealed ASPM and STMN1 as therapeutic vulnerabilities, while SPP1 and PRKAA2 marked resistance. Genomic profiling confirmed frequent mutations/CNAs in poor-prognosis genes (MKI67, CDKN2A) and stability in protective genes. Conclusions: This study establishes a multi-omics framework linking HBV-driven oncogenesis, genomic instability, and immune evasion to HCC progression. Prognostic signatures and pathway activation patterns advocate for molecular subtyping to complement clinical staging. The dual association of proliferative genes with immune suppression and drug sensitivity highlights opportunities for combinatorial therapies targeting oncogenic drivers (CDK1, ASPM) and immune checkpoints. These findings advance precision oncology strategies in HBV-associated HCC.
Salt-Inducible Kinases as Novel Therapy for Diabetes Mellitus Nurrahmi Alfari, Sari; Walukow, Clara Gabriela
Current Internal Medicine Research and Practice Surabaya Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): CURRENT INTERNAL MEDICINE RESEARCH AND PRACTICE SURABAYA JOURNAL (IN PRESS)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus remains a significant global health challenge due to inadequate glycemic control, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches. Salt-inducible kinases (SIKs), part of the AMPK family, have been identified as crucial regulators of glucose by suppressing liver glucose production and enhancing glucose uptake in fat and muscle tissues, positioning them as potential therapeutic targets. The purpose of this literature was to discuss the role of SIKs in glucose and lipid metabolism and their involvement in diabetes pathogenesis and to evaluate their potential as therapeutic targets. The discussion reveals that SIKs, particularly SIK2, are crucial for enhancing insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and suppressing hepatic gluconeogenesis, thereby improving insulin sensitivity. However, SIK isoforms can have opposing, tissue-specific roles; for instance, SIK1 may inhibit insulin action in skeletal muscle, while SIK2 promotes it. Pharmacological modulation of SIKs presents a complex but promising strategy, though challenges remain regarding isoform selectivity and potential off-target effects, with ongoing debate on whether activation or inhibition is the ideal approach. In conclusion, SIKs are a multi-faceted and promising therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes, addressing hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and β-cell dysfunction. However, clinical application is limited by the complexity of SIK regulation, highlighting the need for further research to develop selective modulators and confirm their long-term safety and efficacy. Keywords: Salt-inducible Kinases (SIKs); Diabetes Mellitus; Novel Therapy Correspondence: Nurrahmi E-mail: sarialfari@gmail.com Highlights: This study reviewed the role of SIKs in glucose regulation of patients with diabetes mellitus. Therapy targeting SIKs is expected to be a promising new therapy for glucose control in diabetes patients.
Severe Hematochezia Beyond Diverticulosis: Unmasking Superimposed Amoebiasis as the Hidden Trigger Behind Life-Threatening Lower Intestine Bleeding Linia Nitrika; Herry Purbayu
Current Internal Medicine Research and Practice Surabaya Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): CURRENT INTERNAL MEDICINE RESEARCH AND PRACTICE SURABAYA JOURNAL (IN PRESS)
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Hematochezia in diverticulosis is due to vascular rupture at the base of the diverticulum. Concomitant amoebiasis causecolonic mucosal ulceration leading to colitis and severe bleeding, may developing perforated colon. This combination israrely reported and pose a diagnostic challenge due to overlapping symptoms. Hematochezia in a patient withdiverticulosis caused by “hidden” amoebiasis was reported. It is important to be alert amoebiasis among patients withdiverticulosis and lower intestine bleeding. An 83-year-old man with a history of diverticulosis 10 years ago complains offresh bloody diarrhea of 400 cc each time. Concomitant complaints; sweating and weakness. Examination; anemicconjunctiva, epigastric tenderness, increased bowel sounds, and cold acral. Blood tests; severe anemia (hemoglobin,6g/dL), CRP and PCT level were 9.44 mg/L and 4.37 ng/mL respectively, suggesting a high risk of sepsis. Endoscopy;Diverticula along the sigmoid to transverse colon, sigmoid erosion. Contrast abdominal CT; diverticulosis along thecolon. Feces examination; mucus, erythrocytes, amoeba, and leukocytes. The results indicate diverticulosis andamoebiasis. Blood culture showed gram-negative Pseudomonas. The patient was treated with intravenous fluids,anti-amoeba therapy, and blood transfusions. His condition improved, and he was discharged after 16 days with normalbowel movements, resolved tenderness, hemoglobin level of 10.2 g/dL, and normal macroscopic and microscopic findingof feces. This case illustrates that amoebiasis can be a hidden and serious cause of hematochezia in patients withdiverticulosis. Early recognition and comprehensive management, including hemoglobin monitoring, antiamoebictreatment, and transfusion, are critical for improved outcomes

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