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Usman Hadi
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Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga - Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Jl. Mayjen Prof. Moestopo 6-8 Surabaya 60285 Indonesia
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CURRENT INTERNAL MEDICINE RESEARCH AND PRACTICE SURABAYA JOURNAL
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : -     EISSN : 2721544X     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/cimrj.v1i2.21472
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
The scope for CIMRJ includes: Allergy, Endocrinology, Gastroenterology, Geriatrics, Hematology, Hepatology, Nephology, Rheumatology, Tropic.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran Internal
Articles 98 Documents
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Laboratory Parameter Profile in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients admitted to the wards of Internal Medicine at an Indonesian Tertiary Hospital Septiarini, Namira Amelia; Wardhani, Puspa; Indrasari, Yulia Nadar; Maimunah, Ummi
Current Internal Medicine Research and Practice Surabaya Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): CURRENT INTERNAL MEDICINE RESEARCH AND PRACTICE SURABAYA JOURNAL
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Background: Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a liver cancer caused by abnormal cell changes, potentially fatal, and is the eighth most common cancer in the world. Diagnosis can be done through liver function tests, tumor markers, and imaging examinations. Thus study aimed to determine the profile of laboratory parameters in HCC patients at Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya in 2020-2022. Methods: The method used was a retrospective study of 67 patient medical records with secondary data collection through total sampling techniques. Laboratory tests performed included SGOT, SGPT, Albumin, Direct Bilirubin, Total Bilirubin, PT, aPTT, and AFP. Results: This study showed that the most common age group was 55-59 years, with the majority of patients being male (70.14%) from East Java (91%). The main complaints were abdominal discomfort and abdominal enlargement (61.19%), with the highest causative factor being Hepatitis B (44.77%). Most patients were at BCLC stage D (17.18%). Laboratory parameters showed median and minimum maximum values for SGOT were 135 (20.76–1436), SGPT 59 (17–671), albumin level 2.96 ± 0.62, direct bilirubin 1 (0.02–22.96), total bilirubin 2.05 (0.09–30.84), PT 14.7 (10.1–47.7), and aPTT 30.2 (20.7–85.5). A total of 16 patients had AFP levels above 400ng/mL. The results of USG and CT Scan examinations showed multiple tumors in most patients. Conclusion: The profile of HCC patients in the inpatient room internal medicine Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya in 2020-2022 was dominated by male patients aged 55-59 years, the main complaint was abdominal discomfort, the most common risk factors were Hepatitis B, BCLC stage D, abnormal liver function, total AFP levels above 400 ng/mL, and USG and CT-Scan examinations showed multiple tumors.
Triglycerides Level and Body Mass Index in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Tuberculosis in an Indonesian Tertiary Hospital Theresia Trishavena Yuanita Pramesty; Wahyunitisari, Manik Retno; Setiabudi, Rebekah J.; Yudhawati, Resti; Priyambodo, Djoko Agung
Current Internal Medicine Research and Practice Surabaya Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): CURRENT INTERNAL MEDICINE RESEARCH AND PRACTICE SURABAYA JOURNAL
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease that can cause metabolic disturbances, includingdyslipidemia, characterized by elevated triglyceride levels. Patients with T2DM are also at higher risk of developingtuberculosis (TB) due to compromised immune function. Body Mass Index (BMI), which reflects nutritional status, mayinfluence triglyceride levels. In several studies, increasing BMI was accompanied by an increase in triglycerides. This studyaims to analyze the relationship between triglyceride levels and BMI in T2DM patients with TB in Dr. Soetomo GeneralAcademic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, from 2021 to 2022. Methods: This study utilized secondary data from patients diagnosed with T2DM and TB between 2021 and 2022,respectively. Inclusion criteria were patients with complete medical records, including age, gender, cholesterol andtriglyceride levels, height, and weight, with 83 patients meeting these criteria. Statistical analysis was performed with oneway ANOVA for continuous variables, the Kruskal-Wallis test for non-homogeneous data, chi-square for categoricalvariables, and Pearson correlation for variable relationships. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Triglyceride levels increased across all BMI categories, with values of 143.48 (57.83) for underweight, 173.74(75.74) for normal weight, and 183.80 (98.61) for overweight. Additionally, the correlation between BMI and triglycerideswas not significant (p=0.83), suggesting no meaningful association between these two variables in this study. Conclusion: The absence of differences in triglyceride levels in each BMI group is possible due to the use of triglyceridesfor the formation of granuloma triglyceride synthesis in T2DM with TB.
The Etiology, Classification, and Management of Shock: A Review Hapsari, Tita Agrippina Indira; Fetarayani, Deasy; Dwicahya, Fatrian; Widodo, Naufalluthfi
Current Internal Medicine Research and Practice Surabaya Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): CURRENT INTERNAL MEDICINE RESEARCH AND PRACTICE SURABAYA JOURNAL
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Abstract Shock is a critical condition characterized by circulatory failure that results in inadequate oxygen delivery and may lead to organ dysfunction, and it is classified into four main types—hypovolemic, cardiogenic, distributive, and obstructive shock—each with distinct pathophysiological mechanisms. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the etiology, classification, and management of the various types of shock, with an emphasis on the importance of early recognition and timely intervention to prevent irreversible organ damage and mortality. The results highlight the crucial role of early diagnosis through thorough history-taking, physical examination, and targeted investigations, as well as advances in fluid management, pharmacological therapies, and bedside assessment tools that have improved the ability to stabilize patients promptly and effectively, although challenges remain in optimizing individualized treatment protocols. Furthermore, a multidisciplinary approach combined with adherence to established guidelines is essential to enhance patient outcomes and reduce mortality. In conclusion, prompt identification and intervention are fundamental to effective shock management, and continued advancements in treatment strategies along with ongoing research into personalized care are vital for improving outcomes in patients with shock.
Exploring Caregiver Anxiety in the Daily Care of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: A Qualitative Study Wahono, Cesarius Singgih; Pratama, Mirza Zaka; Rahman, Perdana Aditya; Handono, Kusworini
Current Internal Medicine Research and Practice Surabaya Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): CURRENT INTERNAL MEDICINE RESEARCH AND PRACTICE SURABAYA JOURNAL
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Introduction: Caregivers of patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) face significant emotional and psychological challenges due to the chronic and unpredictable nature of the disease. This study aimed to explore the anxiety experienced by caregivers in their daily caregiving roles. Methods: A qualitative, phenomenological approach was used to gain insights into the lived experiences of 15 caregivers providing daily care to SLE patients. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews, and thematic analysis was conducted to identify key themes related to caregiver anxiety. Results: Five main themes emerged: (1) Emotional Burden and Anxiety—Caregivers reported constant worry and stress due to the unpredictability of SLE; (2) Impact on Personal Life and Relationships—Caregiving responsibilities led to feelings of isolation and strained relationships; (3) Coping Mechanisms and Resilience—Caregivers utilized social support, religious practices, and routines to manage their anxiety; (4) Perceived Lack of Professional Support—Caregivers felt overlooked by healthcare providers and expressed a need for more comprehensive support services; (5) Long-Term Outlook and Future Uncertainty—Anxiety about the future and their ability to continue caregiving as they aged was a significant concern. Conclusion: The study highlights the multifaceted nature of caregiver anxiety in the context of SLE. There is a critical need for healthcare systems to provide holistic support that addresses both the emotional and practical needs of caregivers. By enhancing caregiver support, the overall well-being of both caregivers and patients can be improved.
Clinical and Endoscopic Profile of Patients of Dyspepsia Admitted in SMHS Hospital Srinagar: A Descriptive Study from Srinagar Zubair, Sheikh; Koul, Rakesh K; Shah, Nisar A; Dar, Maqsood Ahmad; Pala, Nazir Ahmad; Bhat, Hilal Mohi ud Din; Khanday, Sadiya Sajad; Rather, Mohd Younis; Waza, Ajaz Ahmad
Current Internal Medicine Research and Practice Surabaya Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): CURRENT INTERNAL MEDICINE RESEARCH AND PRACTICE SURABAYA JOURNAL
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Introduction: Dyspepsia is a common symptom encountered by physicians, with a pooled prevalence of about 21%, which may vary depending upon the age, sex, geographical area, and the definitions used for the dyspepsia. Evaluation of dyspepsia is important considering gastric malignancy as one of the etiologies in some cases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile of dyspepsia patients clinically and endoscopically in Srinagar. Methods: This descriptive hospital-based study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine and Department of Gastroenterology, Government Medical College Srinagar (Sri Maharaja Harisingh Hospital, SMHS) in Kashmir over a period of one and a half years. Patients with dyspepsia and aged 18 years or more were included in the study. Hemodynamically unstable patients and patients with a history of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) surgery and radiation exposure were excluded. Data was collected and evaluated with respect to the clinical findings, UGI endoscopy, and urea breath test findings. The whole data of patients was entered into a Microsoft Excel spread sheet. Continuous variables, were summarized as mean and standard deviation or as mean and interquartile range. For categorical variables frequencies and percentages were reported Results: About 600 patients were evaluated. The mean age of male and female patients was 50.4+14.4 years and 45.8+10.6 years respectively. The most common esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) finding was antral gastritis, observed in 252 (42%) patients, in which non-erosive antral gastritis was seen in 210 (35%) and erosive antral gastritis in 42 (7%), malignancy, gastric polyp, and gastroduodenitis were observed in 14 (2.33%) patients each, besides other causes. A rapid urease test was done in 40 patients, in which 33 (82.5%) were positive for H. pylori. Conclusion: This study shows benign lesions like antral gastritis as the most common EGD finding however, gastric malignancy is also found frequently, especially in elderly patients with dyspepsia.
Multi-Omics Profiling of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Reveals Prognostic Biomarkers, HBV-Driven Oncogenic Networks, and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Genomic-Immune Crosstalk Angoma-Sindani, Blaise; Mwata-Velu, Tat'y; Mavuela Maniansa, Richard; Milomba Velu, Rachel; Tshibangu-Mbuebue, Blaise; Qasim, Ayesha; Mbungu Baptista, Aidor; M. Migabo, Emmanuel
Current Internal Medicine Research and Practice Surabaya Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): CURRENT INTERNAL MEDICINE RESEARCH AND PRACTICE SURABAYA JOURNAL
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Introduction: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a molecularly heterogeneous malignancy with limited therapeutic biomarkers. While transcriptomic studies have identified dysregulated genes, their prognostic relevance, proteomic concordance, and interactions with hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutations remain underexplored. Methods: We integrated multi-omics analyses of two independent HCC cohorts (GEO datasets), proteomic profiling, survival data, HBV mutation associations, immune cell infiltration, drug sensitivity (GDSC), and genomic alteration patterns to define drivers of HCC progression. Results: We identified 23 genes, including AURKA, CDK1, MKI67, linked to poor survival and genomic instability, and three protective genes (PLVAP, GSTA4, GREB1). HBV mutations (PreS, A1762T/G1764A) correlated with elevated expression of proliferative (TOP2A, RRM2) and metabolic (SQLE) genes, particularly in genotype C HCC. Despite minimal pathological stage variation, tumors exhibited robust cell cycle/EMT pathway activation (ASPM, CCNB1), highlighting molecular heterogeneity. Proliferative genes paradoxically associated with regulatory immune subsets (B cells, nTregs) and immunosuppression. Drug sensitivity analysis revealed ASPM and STMN1 as therapeutic vulnerabilities, while SPP1 and PRKAA2 marked resistance. Genomic profiling confirmed frequent mutations/CNAs in poor-prognosis genes (MKI67, CDKN2A) and stability in protective genes. Conclusion: This study establishes a multi-omics framework linking HBV-driven oncogenesis, genomic instability, and immune evasion to HCC progression. Prognostic signatures and pathway activation patterns advocate for molecular subtyping to complement clinical staging. The dual association of proliferative genes with immune suppression and drug sensitivity highlights opportunities for combinatorial therapies targeting oncogenic drivers (CDK1, ASPM) and immune checkpoints. These findings advance precision oncology strategies in HBV-associated HCC.
Salt-Inducible Kinases as Novel Therapeutic Targets for Diabetes Mellitus Alfari, Nurrahmi; Walukow, Clara Gabriela; Damay, Viky Adrian
Current Internal Medicine Research and Practice Surabaya Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): CURRENT INTERNAL MEDICINE RESEARCH AND PRACTICE SURABAYA JOURNAL
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus remains a significant global health challenge because of inadequate glycemic control, underscoring the need for novel therapeutic strategies. Salt-inducible kinases (SIKs), members of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) family, have emerged as key regulators of glucose homeostasis by inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis and promoting glucose uptake.  This study conducted a literature search across multiple databases limited to articles published within the last ten years. The aim of this study is to examine the molecular mechanisms through which SIK isoforms influence glucose metabolism, their contribution to diabetes pathogenesis, and their promise as therapeutic targets. A review of recent studies indicates that all SIK isoforms enhance insulin sensitivities, glucose uptake and suppress glucose production in the liver. However, the working mechanisms of each isoform overlap and might be influenced by some variables. Pharmacological modulation of SIKs activity represents a promising strategy, although challenges related to isoform selectivity and off-target effects persist, and the optimal approach (activation versus inhibition) remains under debate. In conclusion, SIK isoforms constitute multifaceted targets for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and β-cell dysfunction. Further research is required to develop selective modulators and to assess their long-term safety and therapeutic efficacy.
Severe Hematochezia Beyond Diverticulosis: Unmasking Superimposed Amoebiasis as the Hidden Trigger Behind Life-Threatening Lower Intestine Bleeding Nitrika, Linia; Purbayu, Herry
Current Internal Medicine Research and Practice Surabaya Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2026): CURRENT INTERNAL MEDICINE RESEARCH AND PRACTICE SURABAYA JOURNAL
Publisher : Universitas Airlangga

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Hematochezia in diverticulosis is due to vascular rupture at the base of the diverticulum. Concomitant amoebiasis causes colonic mucosal ulceration leading to colitis and severe bleeding and may develop into a perforated colon. This combination is rarely reported and poses a diagnostic challenge due to overlapping symptoms. Hematochezia in a patient with diverticulosis caused by “hidden” amoebiasis was reported. It is important to be alert to amoebiasis among patients with diverticulosis and lower intestine bleeding. An 83-year-old man with a history of diverticulosis 10 years ago complains of fresh, bloody diarrhea of 400 cc each time. Concomitant complaints; sweating and weakness.  Examination; anemic conjunctiva, epigastric tenderness, increased bowel sounds, and cold acral. Blood tests; severe anemia (hemoglobin, 6 g/dL), CRP and PCT levels were 9.44 mg/L and 4.37 ng/mL, respectively, suggesting a high risk of sepsis. Endoscopy; Diverticula along the sigmoid to transverse colon, sigmoid erosion. Contrast abdominal CT; diverticulosis along the colon. Feces examination; mucus, erythrocytes, amoeba, and leukocytes. The results indicate diverticulosis and amoebiasis. Blood culture showed gram-negative Pseudomonas. The patient was treated with intravenous fluids, anti-amoeba therapy, and blood transfusions. His condition improved, and he was discharged after 16 days with normal bowel movements, resolved tenderness, a hemoglobin level of 10.2 g/dL, and normal macroscopic and microscopic findings of feces. This case illustrates that amoebiasis can be a hidden and serious cause of hematochezia in patients with diverticulosis. Early recognition and comprehensive management, including hemoglobin monitoring, antiamoebic treatment, and transfusion, are critical for improved outcomes.

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