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<![CDATA[Validation of a Simple Extraction Procedure for Stimulants Identification from Human Plasma ]]>
<![CDATA[Idha Arfianti Wiraagni1-4, Mustafa Ali Mohd2 , Rusdi Abdul Rashid3, Didi Erwandi bin Mohamad Haron2]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12041
<![CDATA[In this study, a novel LC-MS/MS (Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry) method wasdesigned using a simple extraction procedure that was scientifically developed to capture the most relevantstimulants, methamphetamine, MDA (3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine), MDMA (3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine), and MDEA (Methyl diethanolamine). The LC-MS/MS method was validated usingUS FDA (United States Food and Drug Administration) guidelines, and all validation requirements weresatisfactory. This protein precipitation method was specifically developed for handling large numbers ofsamples with minimum cost and volume of sample. The developed method was accurate, precise, andreproducible for quantification of stimulant from human plasma. This pilot study enrolled 100 drug addictsto evaluate stimulant testing from plasma. Our findings found 47 cases with positive methamphetamine.This method may be valuable for stimulant blood screening for a large and varied population because of itsefficiency and economical aspects.]]>
<![CDATA[Prevalence and Injury Risk Factors based on Sleman Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) Data ]]>
<![CDATA[Idha Arfianti Wiraagni1 , Beta Ahlam Gizela1 , Majid2]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12042
<![CDATA[Background: Injuries can occur in various groups of individuals with various risk factors and complications.Health problems due to injuries will put a burden on the victims’ individuals and families, health services,health insurance, even various parties related to the work productivity of victims. The analysis of injury riskfactors is an initial effort for injury prevention efforts which are expected to avoid reducing productivityand quality of life of individuals. Problem: Need to explore and analyze risk factors for injury, includingdemographic profile. Objective: The research to be carried out to determine the prevalence of injury casesand risk factors. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional observational design. The data used is secondarydata from HDSS Sleman. Research subjects were all injury cases recorded in the Sleman HDSS document.Statistical analysis was performed to calculate prevalence and see the strength of the relationship betweenrisk factors and the incidence of injury. Results: Males had an accident 54%, in 2017, it rose to 56%, and in2019 it dropped to 55%. In 2016, adults suffered 48% injuries, then decreased to 38% and 36% in the nextcycle. In 2016, the number of bruises and abrasions was 72%, and decreased in the next two cycles of 67%and 58%. Part of the body that was most often affected by injury during three cycles was the upper limb.Conclussion : Continued research on injuries and associated risk factors, needs to be done to create healthsurveillance data.]]>
<![CDATA[Emerging Premarital Sexual Behavior among Adolescent in Indonesia: The impact of Knowledge, Experience, and Media Use to Attitudes ]]>
<![CDATA[Ira Nurmala1,2, Citra Ervina Ahiyanasari2 , Muthmainnah2 , Anggun Wulandari2 , Yuli Puspita Devi2 , ]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12043
<![CDATA[The number of premarital sexual behavior among adolescent is increasing around the globe. Research showedattitudes influence the increasing number of premarital sexual behavior among adolescent. However, thereis a gap in understanding factors influencing the positive attitudes of adolescent. Therefore, this study aimsto determine the three factors affecting attitudes (knowledge, experience, and access to media) to preventpremarital sex behavior among adolescent. This study was a quantitative research with cross-sectionaldesign in determining the sample. The simple random sampling method was used and data were collectedfrom 75 high school students of first, second, and third grade (15-19 years old). The knowledge, experience,and the use of media is helpful for adolescent but only to a certain extent. Their positive attitude formeddue to other factors that is beyond the scope of this research. This study showed that positive attitudes ofadolescent is necessary to help them preventing premarital sex behavior that leads to many health problems.Therefore, we need to revisit existing health programs for adolescent to reinforce their positive attitudes tohelp them making healthy life choices]]>
<![CDATA[Decreasing and Determining Child Mortality in Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[IskandarAziz1 , Lutfi Agus Salim2]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12044
<![CDATA[Child mortality is very important to be considered by policymakers, especially for developing countries, likeIndonesia. Child mortality rates reflect the level of health development of a country and the quality of lifeof its people. The Government of Indonesia through the 2015-2019 National Medium-Term DevelopmentPlan (RPJMN) has set a target of achieving a reduction in infant mortality of 24 per 1000 births in 2019.Achievement targets that have been made, are intended to follow the major goals of the Sustainabledevelopment goals (SDGs) in health and welfare. The government has issued a policy to reduce childmortality through programs such as Healthy Indonesia with a family approach through Permenkes no.39 of2016. Based on data obtained by the Indonesian Central Statistics Agency (BPS), it was found that neonatalmortality, infant mortality, and infant mortality from 1991 to 2017 there was a decline which meant that therewas progress in efforts to reduce child mortality. The success of the Government of Indonesia in reducingchild mortality can not be separated from the use of expert theory well. the theories used as references arethose of Mosley and Chen, and Filmer who states that children’s survival is influenced by social, economic,and biomedical factors.]]>
<![CDATA[Effect of Parkia speciosa Hassk Peels Extract on Total Cholesterol Levels of Hypercholesterolemia Rats ]]>
<![CDATA[Joni Tandi1 , Tien Wahyu Handayani1 , Maria Tandebia1 , Jessica Anastasia Wijaya1]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12045
<![CDATA[Background: This research aimed to examine the secondary metabolites in the ethanol extract of Parkiaspeciosa Hassk peels and determine the effect of the P. speciosa Hassk peels on the reduction in totalcholesterol levels of male hypercholesterolemia white rats.Methods: Thirty white male rats were divided into six treatment groups (n=5): Group I: normal control(0.5% CMC Na suspension), Group II: negative control (high cholesterol feed), Group III: positive control(suspension simvastatin), Group IV, V, VI: hypercholesterolemia rat received P. speciosa Hassk shell at doseof 300, 400, and 500 mg/kg BW orally for 14 days. The total cholesterol levels were measured on days 0,14, 28, 35.Results: Quantitative test showed that the ethanol extract of P. speciosa peels contained 0.21% alkaloids(w/w), 8.34% flavonoids (w/w), 4.21% tannins (w/w) and 0.18% saponins (w/w). The ethanol extract of P.speciosa peels at a dose of 300 mg/kg BW was able to reduce total cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemiawhite mice (52 mg/dL).Conclusion: The ethanol extract of P. speciosa peels can be considered as an effective treatment forhyperlipidemia disease.]]>
<![CDATA[Histopathological Evaluation of Non-Obstructive Azoospermic Males Using Testicular aspirate (TESA) biopsy ]]>
<![CDATA[Karbel Hadeel A.1 , Al -Bdairi Adnan A.2 , Khairullah Ahmed R.3 , Al-Humairi Ameer K.4]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12046
<![CDATA[Background: Male infertility considers a real diagnostic challenge because of several factors have beeninvolved in its pathogenesis. Histopathology of the testicular biopsy consider the corner stone in thediagnosis. The aim of this study is to report the utility of using of Testicular aspirate biopsy (TESA) for theevaluation of the male infertility & compare the outcomes with different parameters.Materials & methods: we design prospective study for 205 infertile males with Non -Obstructive azoospermiawho referred to the Teeba IVF & genetic center for the period from December 2016 to December 2018, theyunderwent bilateral TESA for histopathological evaluation & 45 patients out of 205 male had previous opentesticular biopsy. The hormonal profile for all patient. were done. Results: among 205 patients underwentTESA procedure the commonest histopathological pattern was spermatocyte maturation arrest, present in113 patients (55.1%) followed by round maturation arrest in 41 (20%). There was a good degree of agreementbetween the spermatogenesis scoring according to TESA and open surgical biopsy (P=< 0.001). The plasmalevels for both LH & FSH were statistically showing significant differences in their levels according to theTESA spermatogenesis scoring. (P<0,001).Conclusion: the utility of TESA biopsy in the evaluation oftesticular biopsy from Azoospermic males is significantly associated with the histopathological pattern ofspermatogenesis & hormonal profile.]]>
<![CDATA[Affirmation-Tapping to Reduce Pain Perception and Glutamate Serum Levels of Post-cesarean Patients ]]>
<![CDATA[Joko Suwito1 , Nursalam Nursalam2 , Agus Sulistyono3 , I Ketut Sudiana3 , Urged G. A. Suprabawati4 ,]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12047
<![CDATA[Introduction: Affirmation, by praying and positive evaluation accompanied by acupoint stimulation, hasbeen shown to reduce pain in postoperative patients. In other studies, affirmations can reduce chronic paindue to the down-regulation performance of Glutamate receptors. Acupuncture can reduce pain complaintsby modulating Glutamate at the spinal level. So it is suspected that affirmation-tapping can reduce postsurgical pain due to modulation of Glutamate; however clinical studies have not been conducted. Theaim is to compare the pain perception of postoperative patients given affirmation-tapping therapy withother treatment patients as complementary nursing interventions. This is to see if the modulation of theperformance of serum Glutamate levels is different from other treatments. Methods: We used a randomizedpost-test control group design that was performed parallel in post-cesarean patients. A sample of 40 patientswas divided into four groups (10 in affirmations, 10 in tapping, 10 in affirmation-tapping and 10 in controls).They were obtained through simple random sampling. The instruments included affirmation-tapping guides,Elisa kits and McGill Melzack Pain’s short questionnaire form (MPQ-sf). The independent variable wasthe affirmation-tapping intervention and the dependent variable was the perception of pain and Glutamateserum level. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression. Results: The average of Glutamate levelsin the Affirmation-tapping treatment group was lower (0. 034±0. 004) pg/mL and significantly different(Sig=0.00) from other groups (0. 056±0. 011) pg/mL. Conclusion: Affirmation-tapping as a complementarynursing intervention decreases pain perception and Glutamate serum levels in patients post-cesarean sectionthat supports conventional treatment. Affirmation-tapping is recommended as an intervention to overcomepain perception in postoperative nursing patients who support conventional treatment.]]>
<![CDATA[Prevalence of Cryptosporidium Infection in Calves with Effect on Biochemical Parameters ]]>
<![CDATA[Osamah Nasir Wali1 , Ayoub Ibrahim Ali2 , Khalid Ismael Oleiwi3, Mustafa Salah Hasan3 , Mohammed Ham]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12048
<![CDATA[This study was conducted throughout the year on 93 calves from different regions of Baghdad province.Three age groups included; Below 1 month, 1-2 months and above 6 months. A changed aim-the techniqueof stain Neelsen (MZN) has been used for the identification of the development of cryptosporidium and fecaldiarrheic samples.In biochemical research, blood samples have been obtained. Cryptosporidium occurrence was much higherin spring season (56%), followed by the winter (52%), the allergy season (46%), and lowermost in a seasonof summer (40%).The highest rate of infection in animals which was given was the age group of theanimals that under the age of 30 days (71%), 2-6 months were (59%) and (43%) were over 6 months old.The animals concerned reported substantial rises in plasma, urea and creatinine relative to stable animalsin the management of biochemical changes. Finally, Age and seasonal changes were associated withcryptosporidiosis. The biochemical factors affected by the calves also have a negative effect.]]>
<![CDATA[Evaluation of Lifestyle among Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Kirkuk City ]]>
<![CDATA[Rebaz Ismeal Ali Wali2 , Assist. Marghoob Hussein Yaas2]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12049
<![CDATA[Background: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is one of the utilitarian gastrointestinal disorders regularlyfound in the all inclusive communityAims: To evaluation the lifestyle among patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome according to physical,psychosocial and independence areas.Methodology: The samples purposively collected from the patients who referred in Azadi teaching hospitaland Kirkuk general hospital in kirkuk city for period from 21th October in 2018 to 28th of April in 2019.Thestudy sampled comprise of (101) patients with IBS diseases were chosen (male & female). A questionnairewas developed for purposive of study & included 2 parts were demographic data and lifestyle of irritablebowel syndrome. The data were arranged for, age, gender, residence and the results of the procedure.Results: The age group (20-30) years was represent (26.5%) of the sample, the female represent (48.5%)from the sample. And findings of the study indicated that the physical domain, also the psychosocial domainof the lifestyle for patients had greatly affected.Conclusion: The study highlights that is most of the patients of IBS to have constipation. Also in a physicaldomain with good quality of life. Thus, the socio-demographic factors that appear to be most significant inthis concomitant with chronic disease condition.Recommendation: The study recommended future studies that include measurement of dietary factors,habits, exercise and psycho-social factors are needed to understanding of the scope and dimensions of IBSin lifestyle.]]>
<![CDATA[Factors Contributed of Breast Cancer for Women in Iraq ]]>
<![CDATA[Marghoob Hussein Yaas1 Rebaz Ismael Ali Al – Brzanji2 , Mohammed Abdual Magead Mohammed3]]>
<![CDATA[ Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 14 No. 4 (2020): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd ]]>
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DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v14i4.12050
<![CDATA[Background and aim: Breast cancer is abnormal growth of breast cells, result from spurts or abnormalchanges genetic that responsible for cell growth and maintain its health. It is one of the most dangerouscancers that affect woman and reports high level of morbidity yearly if not treat early.The study aimed to assess the Factors that Contributed of Breast Cancer for Women.Materials and method: A descriptive design was employed through the present study from November 1st2017 to March 20th 2018, which carried out on four Health Directorates of different Governorates; (SalahAlden, Kirkuk, Diyala and Sulaymaniyah).Assessment questioner consist of two parts contains of women socio-demographical characteristic, the otherpart concerning of the assessment the risk factors that contribute breast cancer. A non-probability sample(purposive approach) is selected for the study which includes (88) women diagnosed with breast cancerwere treated in Hospital or Nuclear centers, or the patients who visited the outpatient clinic in the samehospital or specialist center for medical follow–up and treatment. Data were gathered through the patients`interviewed. Content validity of the questionnaire was done through eliciting the opinions of a panel of (10)expert, while the reliability of this tool is determined through application of a pilot study by using internalconsistency through the computation of the Cronbach alpha correlation coefficient of the scale on datagathered from patients.Results: The overall results revealed that most women were adult (42.0%) married (72.7%) with loweducational level and they lives in urban (64.8%) with sufficient income (40.9%). Most sample`s work washouse wife (64.7 %), and about half of sample were feed his children natural feed. (35. 2 %) were normalbody weight and (21.5 %) of high weight.Conclusion: Most women depended on a style of food contain :( fat, kidneys, red meat, dairy product andsalt) that will be contributed to breast cancer development. Greatest women experience of psychologicalproblems and don’t compliance of breast self-examination every month.]]>
