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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
 315   316   317   318   319 
Assessment of Knowledge and Perceived Practice on Using Eco-Friendly Toys among Mothers of Under Five Children Sharadha Ramesh1 , M.Vatchala Devi2
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13818

Abstract

Introduction: Plastic is one of the most toxic substances in the world and there are several hazards of plasticusage. Plastic is a non-biodegradable product and do not decompose by biological actions of microbes. Ittakes about 1,000 years for plastic products to break down. They remain in the same state in the environmentas we throw them whereas e-friendly are environmentally safe because the materials used to create the toysare natural, biodegradable and also recyclable.Objectives of the Study: 1.To assess the level of knowledge on using ecofriendly toys among mothers ofunder five children. 2.To assess the perceived practice on using ecofriendly toys among mothers of underfive children.3.To determine the correlation between knowledge and perceived practice on using ecofriendlytoys among mothers of under five children. 4.To find the association between socio-demographic variablesand the level of knowledge and perceived practice on using ecofriendly toys among mothers of under fivechildren.Methodology: Survey study was conducted among 60 mothers with underfive children at MK Pet, Tiruttani.Non probability convenience sampling technique was used to select the samples. Informed consent wasobtained from all mothers, and made them be aware that information used only for research purpose.Structured interview schedule was conducted to elicit information from the participants.Result: The inferences made are: Majority 40 (67%) had inadequate knowledge, 19 (31%) had moderateknowledge whereas least number 1 (2%) had adequate knowledge on using on ecofriendly toys whereas 24(40%) had fair perceived practice, 23(38%) had poor perceived practice and only 13(22%) had good perceivedpractice on using ecofriendly toys. There was a significant positive correlation between the mean score ofknowledge 381 with S.D 6.35 and the mean score of perceived practice 724 with S.D 12. The calculatedKarl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation r=0.07 was positively significant with low correlation at p < 0.05*level. there was significant association established with the type of family and mothers educational status atthe level of P < 0.05* level. There was no statistically significant association found with the demographicvariables of age of the mother, religion, education, number of children, occupation, monthly income with P< 0.05 *level. The analysis revealed that there was significant association established with the religion andnumber of children variable at the level of P < 0.05* level. There was no statistically significant associationfound with the demographic variables of age, education, monthly income, type of family, number of childrenwith P<0.05* level.
Canine-premolar Transposition, Family Pedigree and Related Dental Anomalies Mushriq Abid1 , Samher A. Al-Shaham2, Zaynab MR. Al-Chalabi3
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13841

Abstract

Maxillary canine-premolar transposition is a rare and complicated dental anomaly that needs specialconsideration by the orthodontist. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical features ofmaxillary canine-premolar transposition and report the family pedigree to determine the mode of inheritance.A cross-sectional study was performed on 39 patients having maxillary canine-premolar transposition inwhich both clinical and radiographic examination were performed. Moreover, 112 family members wereclinically examined looking for canine transposition. Variables such as location, sex and the presence ofhypodontia and peg-shaped lateral incisors were investigated. The study found that unilateral transposition(89.7%) was more common than bilateral occurrence (10.2%) affecting the left side (64.1%) more than theright side (35.9%). Females were affected more than males (74.4% and 25.6% respectively). Congenitallymissing teeth were reported in 12.8% and lower second premolar was the most commonly missing tooth.Peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisor was reported in 7.7% of the sample. Family pedigree confirmed thepresence of a history of transposition or ectopically positioned canine in 15.3% of the sample suggestingan autosomal dominant inheritance of the trait. In conclusion this study suggested an association betweengenetic factors and maxillary canine-premolar transposition. Further studies are required using genetictesting to confirm the findings of the present study.
Potential of Chlorogenic Acid from Coffea canephora to Improving Innate Immunity System Components among BALB / c Mice Christina Destri1, Jusak Nugraha2, Muhammad Amin3, Djoko Agus Purwanto4
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 1 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i1.13915

Abstract

The aim of this study was to verify the phagocytosis activity which displayed in CD11b and B220 markersand also the markers of erythroid 2 nuclear factor related factor 2 (Nrf2) as a key regulatory transcriptionfactor on various antioxidant gene expressions and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) as an antioxidant markerthat related with protein. Nrf2 plays an important role to inhibit the ROS accumulation and eliminate freeradicals. The active compound of chlorogenic acid in robusta coffee type (Coffea canephora) in IndonesianCoffee and Cocoa Research Center was used in three groups of mice in this study and it was gave differentdose in each groups. The assessment samples were taken from the peritoneal fluid of mice than it wasanalyzed by using Flow Cytometry method to find phagocytosis function and antioxidant activity. Theresults of ANOVA statistical test was p <0.05 in all parameters, this mean that there was indicated that theactive compound of chlorogenic acid in coffee was involved in natural immune system mechanism and itwas seen in increasing of phagocytic activity and antioxidant levels.
Study of Various Patterns of Azygos Venous System and its Clinical Significance Aarti Rohilla; Monika Rathee; Kamal Singh; Suresh Kanta Rathee
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.16650

Abstract

Background: The azygos system includes those veins which are straight in course, paravertebral in positionand not accompanied with the corresponding arteries. The azygos vein may arise as lumbar azygos veinfrom the back of inferior vena cava or by the union of right subcostal and right ascending lumbar veins. Itenters the thorax, receives lower 8 right posterior intercostal veins, superior intercostal vein, hemiazygosand accessory hemiazygos veins and ends by joining the superior vena cava. The hemiazygos vein is formedon the left in a manner similar to that of azygos vein. The aim of the present study was to investigate thevarious patterns of the azygos venous system.Methods: A total number of 30 cadavers were studied and were evaluated based on the study of Anson BJand Mcvay CB.Conclusion: Out of 30 specimens studied, 17 (56%) specimens showed normal pattern, 5 (16%) specimensshowed caterpillar pattern and rest 8 (26%) specimens showed ladder pattern.Azygos system of veins serve as an alternative drainage channel between superior vena cava and inferiorvena cava in case of obstruction. The knowledge of various patterns could be useful for radiologists andsurgeons to prevent intra-operative hazards.
Fetal Ilium as a Tool For Sex Determination: Discriminant Functional Analysis Aarti; Luv Sharma; Kamal Singh
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.16651

Abstract

Background: Sex determination has been the most intriguing puzzle for forensic pathologists andanthropologists for which efforts are being done since long. Sexual dimorphism is well established in theadult pelvis and it is known to provide the highest level of information about sexual dimorphism. This studywas conducted to know whether this dimorphism exists in fetal bones?Method: A total of 34 pairs of fetal pelvis bones (22 Males + 12 Females), age ranging from 4 months tofull term were collected from unidentified dead fetuses brought in the Department of Forensic Medicinefor the routine medicolegal autopsies, to study for sexual dimorphism in the Department of Anatomy, Pt.B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak. Samples were divided in 2 age groups and various metric parameters wererecorded with the help of digital vernier caliper. Data obtained was subjected to descriptive & discriminantfunctional analysis.Conclusion: Results of Descriptive and Discriminant Functional Analysis showed that sex determinationcan be done with 100% of accuracy by using different combinations of parameters of fetal ilium. Thisstudy illustrates that sexual dimorphism exists from early fetal life & after mid pregnancy; it can be clearlyestablished by discriminant functional analysis.This research was limited in its analysis due to less availability of specimens as this represents only theresults in north Indian population. Future studies should be done to explore different populations to betterunderstand the sexual dimorphism in fetal bones of different geographic contexts.
Review on Current Trends in Hypertension Aarti Thakur; Ruchi Kumari; Sakshi Tomar
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.16652

Abstract

Hypertension is one of the serious medical condition that has risk factor for developing cardiovasculardiseases. Around 33% of individuals having hypertension are undiagnosed and those who are diagnosed arenot taking proper treatment. One of the significant reason for hypertension is premature death. In this review,we focused on modern directions of hypertension management with an attention on screening, diagnosis anddrug selection. In urban areas of India hypertension incidence is estimated upto 20 to 40% and in rural areait is upto 12 to 17%. Hypertension shows no symptoms and during routine check-ups we can diagnose it.For management of hypertension the guidelines were developed by ministry of health. Various threats wereidentified regarding management of hypertension.
Effectiveness of Empowerment Programme on Stress and Care Giving Burden among Care Givers of Chronically Ill Patients Admitted in MMIMS&R Hospital, Mullana Ambala, Haryana Shalini Youssouf; Jyoti Sarin; Eenu; Bindu Joseph
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.16654

Abstract

Background- One of the most compassionate and self-sacrificing things a person can do is care for a sickloved one. Caring for a family member with impaired mental and behavioral functioning presents the moststressful of care giving situations. Keeping family caregivers healthy and able to provide care is crucial tomaintaining our nation’s long-term healthcare system.Aims – To assess the effectiveness of Empowerment programme regarding stress and care giving burdenamong care givers of chronically ill patients in experimental and comparison group.Material and Methods - A Quasi Experimental non Equivalent control group pretest post test design. 95care givers of chronically ill patients (50 in experimental and 45 in comparison group) selected from hospitalby using convenience sampling technique. Empowerment programme was administered in experimentalgroup. Selected demographic characteristics, standardized perceived stress scale and standardized care giverburden scale were used to collect data.Results- The study showed that the mean post test 1 and post test 2 stress score was 12.44 ± 2.10 &12.26±2.05 and 14.11 ± 3.11 & 14.40± 3.12 in experimental and comparison group respectively. There wasno significant correlation between stress and care giving burden .There was no association of care givingburden score of the care givers in experimental and comparison group with their selected patient demographiccharacteristics and there was no significant association of care giving burden scores with their selected caregiver demographic characteristics in experimental group and in comparison group except gender.Conclusion- Empowerment programme was effective in reducing stress and care giving burden among caregivers of chronically ill patients
Effectiveness of Lockdown in Reducing the Spread of COVID-19 Adyati Satya Puspita; Judya Sukmana; Lestari Dewi; Erina Yatmasari
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.16656

Abstract

At the end of 2019, a mysterious outbreak appeared, forming an atypical pneumonia suspected of originatingfrom an animal market in Wuhan China. The outbreak is a new type of coronavirus which is named asCOVID-19 disease (2019 – nCoV, Novel Coronavirus). COVID 19 disease is a viral infection caused bySARS-CoV-2, namely the acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 which emerged in Wuhan, China.Vaccines and antiviral drugs have not been found, meanwhile COVID-19 are prevented by using nonpharmacologicalinterventions, one of the actions taken by several countries is to create policy protocolssuch as lockdowns.The results of this study indicate that lockdown is effective in reducing the spread of COVID -19, it can beseen from the significant decrease in R0 and Rt, <1 in several countries after lockdown such as UK 0.99(0.96–1.02), Italy 0.89 (0.87–0.91), French 0.76 (0.72–0.82) and Spain 0.74 (0.71–0.78) which means thatsomeone who is infected cannot infect other people and the disease will die (disappear). The value of Rt alsoshows a consistent decline Rt to <1 (0.88) after 2 weeks of lockdown in Italy.The conclusion from this literature show that lockdowns can reduce the spread of COVID-19 which isshown by the number of incidents before and after the lockdown which has decreased to zero cases in China.The decline in cases also occurred in Europe although at the beginning of the lockdown it was not significantbut it was increasingly effective and continued to be significant after the lockdown was imposed.
A Comparative Analysis of Misery Index and Its Impact on Health Indicators Across The Globe Aishwarya; Rajmohan; Suganya.P; Prabu.D; Bharathwaj; M.R.Prashanthy
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.16658

Abstract

Aim: This study aims to analyze the impact/relationship of the health indicators and the human developmentindex over the globe’s misery index.Materials and Method: In this paper, a comparative data analysis of the misery index, health indicators likemortality rate, disability rate, Quality of life index, and human development index, along with the rankingbased on the human development index, were done by tabulating the data collected from the electronicsources.Results: There was a strong correlation between the misery index, human development index, and healthindicators.Conclusion: This paper clearly shows that the misery index of a country was highly influenced by the healthindicators, such as the mortality rate, disability rate, and Quality of life. Further, the human developmentindex also had a comparative impact on the misery index of a country. Hence, this study depicted a descriptivestatistical relationship among the misery index, the health indicators (mortality rate, disability rate, Qualityof life) and the Human Development Index (HDI).
The Relationship of Perceived Benefit, Perceived Barrier, and Knowledge with Vaccine Hesitancy among Anti- and Pro- Vaccine Community Aisyah Nur Izzati; Retno Indarwati; Makhfudli
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.16659

Abstract

Introduction: The phenomenon of basic vaccine hesitancy in parents is the biggest challenge faced byhealth workers in the global era currently. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between perceivedbenefits, perceived barriers, and knowledge about vaccines towards vaccine hesitancy among anti and provaccinecommunities on social media Facebook.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design. The sample was 150 members of the anti-vaccinecommunity and 234 members of the pro-vaccine community on social media Facebook using a purposivesampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaire namely; HBM (health belief model)questionnaire which was translated and modified, and Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (VHS) questionnaire. Theindependent variables in this study were perceived benefits of vaccines, perceived barriers to vaccines,knowledge about vaccines. The dependent variable was vaccine hesitancy. Spearman rho analysis was usedto measure the relationship between the dependent and independent variables.Results: The results of the Spearman rho analysis showed that the perceived benefits of vaccines (p=0.363of anti-vaccine, p=0.702 of pro-vaccine), the perceived barriers to vaccines (p=0.410 of anti-vaccine,p=0.341 of pro-vaccine), and knowledge about vaccines (p=0.413 of anti-vaccine, p=0.192 of pro-vaccine)was related to vaccine hesitancy in parents.Discussion: This study results indicated that the perceived benefits of vaccines, perceived barriers tovaccines, and knowledge about vaccines are related to vaccine hesitancy in parents. The implications of thestudy are essential information for health workers to determine the right and wise strategy in responding tothe increasing vaccine hesitancy in public so that basic vaccine coverage will increase.

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