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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
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Medical Coercive Measures Under the Albanian Legislation and their Application to Criminally Irresponsible Individuals Kreshnik Myftari; Gëzim Myftari; Sevada Guço
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.16936

Abstract

Individuals, who are characterized by mental disorders and manifest them in a criminal behavior, cannot besubjects to the same punitive regime provided for other subjects of criminal offenses. Neither penitentiaryinstitutions nor civilian psychiatric hospitals are suitable for these individuals; the former, because theyare conceived only for that category of subjects who culpably violate criminal norms; second, because,since psychiatric hospitals have therapeutic purposes, they are not suitable for controlling the social risk ofirresponsible subjects.Any decision of irresponsibility due to mental state brings a certain consequence, namely the dismissalof the case and the imposition of coercive measure. The defendant, due to his social danger, may undergooutpatient treatment or compulsory treatment in a medical institution.The following manuscript analyzes the importance of medical coercive measures provided by the criminallegislation and at the same time, their importance in the treatment of irresponsible persons, perpetratorsof criminal offenses. It tries to give an overview of the different orientations that characterize the issue inquestion, to underline the conclusions reached by jurisprudence and at the same time to reason not only onthe basis of applicable norms, but also on the basis of perspective and opportunity for reform, seeking todevelop points of reflection and avoid unreasonable discussions.
The Role of IFN gamma and IL-10 in Breast Cancer LaleMaulin Prihatina; Willy Sandhika; Grace Ariani
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.16937

Abstract

Thyroid Storm in Post-Partum in Bangkalan Hospital: A Case Report Lambu Henderika Dacosta; Ferdy Royland. Marpaung
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.16938

Abstract

Thyroid crisis is a rare complication of hyperthyroidism, with a greater risk about 10 times during pregnancy,also clinical manifestations and significant increasing of level of thyroxine (T4) and tri-iodothyronine (T3).Thyroid crisis could cause mortality in >10%. A 58-year-old female was referred from Bangkalan Hospital,presented with palpitation, shortness of breath, diarrhea 2-3×/day, vaginal bleeding, fever for 1 day beforeadmittance. Hyperthyroid for 3 years ago and routinely consumed thyrozol (1×2tab) in 2 years but didnot take the medicine for 1 year ago. Physical examination: BP 147/100 mmHg, pulse rate 124×/minute,temperature 38.4 ºC, RR 30/minute, conjunctiva anemia, thyroid palpable, exopthalmus. ECG results:presence of sinus tachycardia, Chest X-Ray: cardiomegaly. Burch Wartofsky Score obtained a total scoreof 45, (temperature 38.5 C=15, diarrhea=10, tachycardia=15, CHF=5). Laboratory results: TSH <0.004 IU/mL, FT4 5.31 ng/dl. Thyroid crisis is a rare case of hyperthyroidism, a greater risk during pregnancy whichcould lead to death. Many symptoms arise in hyperthyroidism which could lead to thyroid crisis. The criteriawhich used to assess thyroid analysis is the Burch Wartofsky Score, FT4 levels increased 5.31 ng/dl. Thispatient was diagnosed as thyroid storm in post-partum, based on Burch Wartofsky Score, low TSH level andan elevated FT4 level and not taking medicine for 1 year ago.
Role of Serum Levels of Thymidine Kinase 1 in Diagnosis and Differentiating of Prostatic Tumor Lara Balasim Al-Dahy; Basil O. Mohammed; Saad Dakhil F. Daraji; Mazin M. Farhan
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.16939

Abstract

Background: Both benign prostatic (BPH) and prostate (Pca) hyperplasia include prostate enlargement. Thedistinction between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer is a major challenge, since the prostaticspecific antigen (PSA) cannot be considered a reliable predictor of prostate cancer. Aims: Efficiency ofserum thymidine kinase 1 and PSA-related biomarkers in prostate tumor, BPH and PCa diagnosis anddifferentiation, especially when serum PSA is in the gray (4-10 ng/ml) region and in the pronostic of thesepatients after surgical therapy. Subjects and Methods: A case control and cross-sectional review. Therewere 110 elderly patients (45-81 years) and 45 controle. Serum experiments involved the use of ELISAtechnologies to measure tPSA, fPSA, and TK1. Result: In comparison to both of the BPH and controls, themean (±S D) of serum tPSA and fPSA in Pca were significantly improved (all p =0,001) while the meanvalue of f PCa in comparison with BPH and control was dramatically decreased (p = 0,001) for fPSA/tPSA.There was no difference between BPH and controls in these parameters. In both of the Pca and Controls(P<0.001) the mean TC1 was slightly higher (P<0.001). This serum TK1 has the most receptive and specificdiagnostic and differentiating potency in the gray zone of tPSA (4-10 ng/ml), which has tPSA in the grayzone with AUC=1 in the 924 pg/ml cut-off zone.Conclusion: Serum level of TK1 was superior of tPSA in diagnosis of prostate tumor and differentiatingbetween BPH and PCa.
Stigma and Mental Health during COVID-19 New Normal Transition in Indonesia Leny Latifah; Yusi Dwi Nurcahyani; Diah Yunitawati; Marizka Khairunnisa; Cati Martiyana
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.16940

Abstract

Background: Social isolation and economic catastrophic became the main characters of the current pandemic.Historically, the strongest stigmas related to diseases were characterized as highly transmittable, potentiallylethal, and without remedy. All represented COVID-19 during the early transition into the new normal. Weaimed to analyzed stigma and economic stressors concerning mental health. Method: We conducted a crosssectionalonline survey of 1375 participants in Java, Indonesia. Mental health status evaluated with DASS-21. The presence of social and self-stigma related to Covid-19 assessed with a questionnaire developed basedon seven domains of public stigma. Demographics and other psychosocial stressors were assessed withan online questionnaire. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression had carried out. Result: A very highpercentage of perceived and anticipated self-stigma and social stigma revealed. Controlling demographicsfactors, clear self-stigma increased the risk for depression (2.323 (1.241-4.346), p<0.05), anxiety (2.134(1.205-3.777), p<0.05) and stress 3.931 (1.779-8.685), P<0.001). Clear social stigma increased the risk foranxiety (2.000 (1.066-3.756), p<0.05) but not on depression and stress.Conclusion: Ensuring basic needsfulfilment and eliminating stigma is critical for supporting mental health in the Covid-19 pandemic. Furtherresearch into the stigma-related risks is necessary because it represents an important need for interventionin public health.
The Influence of Sociodemographic Factors on Community Knowledge, Perceptions, Attitudes, and Practices towards COVID-19 Prevention Protocols : A Scoping Review Lintang Puspita Prabarini; Kumboyono Kumboyono; Laily Yuliatun
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.16941

Abstract

Background: WHO declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic due to its rapid spread and has beenconfirmed worldwide. Preventive efforts are made to minimize the virus spread among the community.Sociodemographicfactors play an integral role in determining the communityknowledge, perception,attitudes, and practice towards COVID-19 prevention protocols.Methods: This review was conducted on various journal articles to see the sociodemographic factors thatinfluence the levels of knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, and practices of the community towardsCOVID-19prevention protocols. Journal articles were selected under the PRISMA guidelines, from which 28 articleswere found to meet the predetermined criteria.Result: Several sociodemographic factors found to affect the levels of knowledge, attitudes, practices,and perceptions of respondents towards the COVID-19 prevention protocols were age, gender, education,marital status, occupation, socio economic status, area of residence, and nationality.Conclusion: Education and socio economic status/monthly income were found to be the main factors thatinfluenced the respondents’ level of knowledge. Individuals with higher education tended to take healthproblems more seriously, as shown by their better scores of compliance with the COVID-19 preventionprotocols, compared to the scores shown by other groups.
Comparative Analysis of Acute Physiological Responses between Short and Middle Distance Swimming Athletes with Physical Loading Test M. Ali Machfud; Muchammad Rif’at Fawaid As’ad; HariSetijono; Lilik Herawati
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.16943

Abstract

Indonesia’s swimming achievements are still far from that of other countries. Among other things, at the 2018Asian Games, Indonesia did not succeed in getting a single medal. If not improved, Indonesia’s swimmingperformance will get worse. One of the innovations is to identify the physical abilities and physiologicalresponses of an athlete through a physical loading test. This study aims to analyze the differences in acutephysiological responses between short and middle distance swimming athletes through continuous andinterval high intensity physical test. The sample of males aged 14-18 years consisted of the short distance(n=12) and middle distance (n=12) swimmers. Participants did a high intensity physical test with anergocycle for 21 minutes with a 7-minute warm-up and 3-minute cool down, intervally, and without restingfor continuous test. The variables studied included resting pulse rate, blood lactate, leg and shoulder musclestrength, arm andleg power. Data collected inbefore (pre) and after(post) physical test. The results showedthat the short distance swimmers had greater increase inlactate level and pulse rate in both physical tests.The leg power decreased significantly in the short distance swimmer when performed continue physical test,whereas the middle distance swimmer when performed interval physical test. The conclusion of this studywas to differ the leg power as acute physiology response for swimmers is more appropriate using continuousor interval high intensity physical test. Based on these results, training program for swimmer type can bedeveloped. However, further research is still needed to enhance the swimmers performance.
Utility of Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy for Nutritional Supportin Patients with Oropharyngeal Dysphagia Madhavan Iyengar; Niket Attarde; Arpan Shah; Pooja Shah; Poornima. V.
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.16944

Abstract

Background & Objectives: Maintenance of nutrition status of a patient is of paramount importance toclinicians treating medical or surgical diseases. Enteral nutrition is preferred over parental nutrition inpatients who are unable to swallow. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is the preferred routeof nutritional support in patients with a functional gastrointestinal system who require long-term enteralnutrition and are unable to maintain oral intake. PEG offers superior access to the gastrointestinal systemover surgical methods.We aim to see utility of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) for nutritional support in patientswith oropharyngeal dysphagia secondary to neurological deficits and its effect on the quality of life of thesepatients.Methodology: we studied retrospectively 25 patients with neurological oropharyngeal dysphagia in last 2years needing PEG insertion. We reviewed data of the patients for 3 months post insertion of PEG. Studywas based on body weight, haemoglobin and serum albumin level prior to and after PEG. All complicationsincluding sepsis, perforation, hemorrhage and death were recorded.Results: Our study showed significant improvement in levels of hemoglobin, albumin and weight gain afterPercutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. There were no major complication.Conclusion: Percutaneous EndoscopicGastrostomy is an easy procedure that can be done bedside withoutcomplications in patients with neurological deficit. It improves nutritional status of the patient and alsoprevents aspiration pneumonia in patients with good gastric motility.
Effect of Health Literacy Intervention on Medication Adherence among Older Adults with Chronic Diseases Magda M. Mohsen; Bahiga Galal Abd El-Aal; Sally S. Hassan; Amal A. El-Abbassy
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.16945

Abstract

Background: Medication adherence is essential for controlling chronic conditions, treating temporaryconditions, and overall health and well-being. Aim: Examine the effect of health literacy intervention onmedication adherence among older adults with chronic diseases. Design: A quasi-experimental (study andcontrol design). Settings: Family health unit in Dragel village, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. Sample:a purposive sample of 140 older adults. Tools:1) Interviewing questionnaire that includes; the sociodemographicdata, medical history, medication knowledge, factor affecting medication adherence andphysiological measurement 2) The Medication Adherence Scale. 3) Self-Efficacy for appropriate medicationuse scale. Results: There was remarkable improved medication adherence and self-efficacy in medication usein the study group compared to pre-intervention and the control group. Also, there was improved knowledgeand practice regarding medication use. Also, there was significant control in random blood glucose leveland blood pressure in the study group compared to pre-intervention and the control group. Conclusion: Thehealth literacy intervention was effective in enhancing medication adherence, successful in improving selfefficacyin medication use, and significantly controlling random blood glucose and blood pressure amongolder adults. Recommendation: Health care providers especially nurses should provide regular follow upfor older adults with chronic diseases regarding medication adherence.
Self-management of Elderly Patients with Osteoarthritic Knee on Recovery Outcomes Magda M. Mohsen; Nabila E.Sabola; Nagwa I. El-khayat; Entsar A. Abd El-Salam
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.16946

Abstract

Background: Knee osteoarthritis accounts for almost four fifths of the burden of worldwide. It is the leadingcause of mobility impairment, disability and loss of function in older adults. This study aimed to examine theeffectiveness of self-management of elderly patients with osteoarthritic knee on recovery outcomes.Material and methods: A quasi- experimental design was utilized to conduct this study. The study wascarried out at outpatient clinic of Shebin- Elkom University and Educational Hospital, and then they werefollowing up at their homes. 100 elderly patients were selected who met inclusion and exclusion criteria.Aconstructed interviewing questionnaire, arthritis self-efficacy scale, and Western Ontario and McMasterUniversities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) index were used to collect the data.Results: there was increase in the mean total pain self-efficacy score, and other symptoms self-efficacyscore in study group than control group.There was decrease in the mean total physical function WOMACscore in study group than control group after intervention.Conclusion: Implementation of self-management for elderly patients was effective in managementsymptoms of knee osteoarthritis among study group compared to control group.

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