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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
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The Effect of Chemical Weapon Exposureon Semen Fluid Analysis and the Determination of SOD and MDA Levels in Peshmerga against ISIS War Yasin Kareem Amin
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.17138

Abstract

The identification of chemical weapons as “weapons of mass destruction” highlights their possible damagingconsequences on many civilians’ health.The effect of chemical weapon agents has been documented tocause reproductive toxicity and have adverse effects on semen, leading to infertility in those exposed tothose chemical agents. This study analysesthe semen fluid and follows up the exposed Peshmerga forcesto the chemical weapon during the ISIS war.A prospective cohort study in which 58 exposed Peshmergain three chemical attacks, compared with the same number of the non-exposed Peshmerga. Semen fluidanalysis was performed for all, following up after one year.The serum level of both MDA and SOD wasmeasured. An individual’s BMI was calculated.The participants’ mean agein this study is (32.5) years in thecase group while (35.5) years in the control group, with a standard deviation of5 years in both groups. Allparticipants are male, and no gender effect be seen. All chronicillnesses have been excluded from the study.The mean body mass index is 22.4, with a standard deviation of about 3.1 kg/m. Hypospermia developed in18% of the exposed group(20% of the total participants), oligospermia (20% overall, only 3% of these in thenon-exposed), and decreased motility in 19% of all participants, but 16 of this 19% where the exposed groupwith significant relative risk results, while morphology not changed inboth groups, also the findings showedthat significant elevation in MDA level and SOD activity. Chemical weapons cansignificantly affect semenfluid analysis and interpretation through quantitativedisturbances in the volume and account of sperm, whilethe percentage of abnormal spermcounts has been increased considerably in peoples exposed to chemicalweapons. However, the morphology of semen fluid sperms has not changed to the same degree, and itsfunctioncannot be estimated. Even when functioning, the genetic errors on future generationsmay needfurther testing.
A Comparison Study of Adding Magnesium Sulfate to Local Anesthetics During Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Section
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.17139

Abstract

Background: Regional anesthesia is frequently used in obstetric, orthopedic, and urological procedures,commonly intrathecal and epidural local anesthetics are combined with opioids to prolong analgesia; however,these do not prolong the motor block time and can attenuate the response to surgical stress, in addition tobeing associated with side effects such as respiratory depression, urinary retention, pruritus, hemodynamicinstability, nausea, and emesis. Objective: to investigate the effect of adding 75 mg ofmagnesium sulfate onthe duration of sensory block and duration of motor blockPatients and Methods: In a prospective randomized study, ASA I or II, 128 (64 control and 64 experimentalgroups) pregnant women (at term) who were candidate for cesarean section with spinal anesthesia, wererecruited in this study. They were collected from “Baghdad Teaching Hospital” at the period from (September2020 to Fab 2021).Each experimental woman received 12.5 mg (2.5 ml) of hyperbaric bupivacaine(0.5%) and 0.5 ml (75 mg) magnesium sulfate (15%), while controls received same does of hyperbaricbupivacaine and 0.5 ml of distilled water.Results: The duration of analgesia (sensory blockade) and theduration of motor blockade manifesteda statistically significant increase inexperimental as compared to their controls (control = 116.41 ±12.47,experimental = 159.75 ± 10.56, control = 180.76 ± 11.83, experimental = 240 ±9.46 minutesrespectively).Conclusion:Significantly increased the duration ofpostoperative analgesia and prolonged the sensory andmotor blockade withoutsignificant apparent maternal or fetal side effects.
Acute Pyrethroids Insecticide Ingestion in An Elderly Patient Yhan Batista; Novira Widajanti
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.17140

Abstract

Insecticide ingestion is not an uncommon phenomenon found in daily practices. An elderly woman, 69-yearold,was rushed to emergency room due to household cleaning liquid ingestion. There was a history of previoussuicide attempt and severe depressive episode before. Since there was no sign of severe intoxication, patientreceived symptomatic treatment. Patient was discharged with symptomatic treatment and antidepressants.
The Development of a Community-Based Model as an Assisting Approach in the Prevention of Pregnancy and Labor Complications in Pandeglang Regency, Banten, Indonesia Yudhia Fratidhina; Nina Herlina; Hamidahs; Sri Mulyati
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.17141

Abstract

Most of the direct causes of maternal death is obstetrical complications. Some programs have been doneto reduce the incidence of complications on pregnancy and childbirth complications unfortunately theimplementation of the program has not been maximized. Community empowerment is required to ensurethe sustainability of the program. This research was conducted to develop community-based Model inpreventing pregnancy and labor complications based on asset and community participatory. This researchwas conducted with a mixed method approach. On the stage of model development is conducted qualitativelythrough Focus Group Discussion and in-depth interview with 4 key informants and 13 support informants.Furthermore, model is developed quantitatively by using cross sectional study design on 80 respondents.The analysis that used in this research is SEM PLS. Once the model is formed, the evaluation was conductedon 83 respondents by using pre and post-test design. Application of community-based Model in the societyis done by mentoring models using Module of asset and participatory-based prevention of pregnancy andlabor complication through community-based Model. The results show that community-based modelcan be achieved through community participation, community assets development, knowledge, attitudesand behavior. The results also reveal that the community-based model is statistically proven to increaseknowledge (p 0.000), attitude (p 0.000) and the behavior of expectant mother (p. 0.000). Community-basedModel consists of five variables and it was proved to be effective in improving the knowledge, attitude andbehavior of expecting mothers on the prevention of pregnancy complication and childbirth.
Evaluation of the PaO2/FiO2 Ratio as a Risk Factor for Hypoxemia against Septicemia Mortality in Children who Treated at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Yuli Astika; Arina Setyaningtyas; Dominicus Husada; Retno Asih Setyoningrum
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.17142

Abstract

Background: Severe septicemia can result in impaired oxygen perfusion to the tissues. The PaO2/FiO2 ratio(P/F ratio) is one of the measurement parameters for hypoxemia. This study aims to evaluate the P/F ratio asa risk factor for hypoxemia against septicemia mortality in children.Method: An observational with a prospective cohort design was conducted. Thirty-six patients withsepticemia, consisting of 18 patients who living (survivor) and 18 patients who died (non-survivor). TheP/F ratio is obtained based on blood gas analysis carried out in the first 24 hours of treatment recorded onmedical records and calculated manually. The P/F ratio has an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.83 (95%CI 0.71–0.95) with a cut-off of 226. Septicemia children with P/F ratio < 226 who have a mortality riskof up to 6.9 times (RR 6.9; 95% CI 1.719-27.957; p= 0.005) with sensitivity 72.70%; specificity 72.20%;PPV 76.19%; NPV 68.42%. The mean P/F ratio in the non-survivor group was significantly lower than thesurvivor group 161.60 (95% CI 1.05) compared to 391.09 (95% CI 2.13); p= 0.005).Conclusion: The P/F ratio can be a risk factor for hypoxemia on septicemia mortality.
Tuberculous Pneumonia as a Primary Cause of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Case Report Yuliza; Helmia Hasan
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.17143

Abstract

Background: Tuberculosis is an uncommon and very rare cause of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome.Moreover, it has been associated with poor outcomes with a very high mortality rate (40-80%). The clinicalsymptoms and radiological findings of tuberculous pneumonia that resemble bacterial pneumonia resultin difficulties to decide definitive diagnosis. Case Presentation: A 35-year-old male patient was admittedto hospital with shortness of breath, fever, cough without expectoration. The patient had history of asthmasince childhood. Chest physical examination showed rhonchi and wheezing on both lungs. Initial laboratoryfindings were leucocytosis, granulocytocis, eosinopenia, increased ALT and ALP levels, blood gas analysisrevealed acute respiratory failure. PaO2/FiO2 was 49 mmHg. ECG showed sinus tachycardia and chestX-ray showed consolidation on both lungs. The patient was initially managed for asthma exacerbation andbilateral pneumonia with ARDS. The result of microbiological findings showed acid fast bacilli (AFB)positive. He had been treated with anti-TB first category. Clinical improvement was achieved after 1 week ofanti-TB treatment. Summary: Tuberculous pneumonia with ARDS is a rare case of pulmonary tuberculosis.The diagnosis is established by a prompt and complete examination that lead to optimal treatment withappropriate anti-TB.
A Comprehensive Study on Homicidal Deaths in a Tertiary Health Care Institution in Nellore, Andhra Pradesh Z.Sashikanth
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.17144

Abstract

Homicide is a serious crime committed against humans and its detection and solution is important to theentire society. Homicide may be the result of accidental, reckless or negligent acts even if there is no intentto cause harm. The present study was taken up to know the incidence of homicides in the city of Nellore andto determine the trends in committing homicides.Aim: To study the pattern of homicides and to elucidate the different aspects of homicidal deaths.Methodology: This was a retrospective study done on alleged homicide cases autopsies done in ForensicDepartment of ACSR Medical College from March 2019 to February 2020 (1 year). Data was collectedfrom 39 reports with an alleged history of homicide.All the homicide cases for which autopsies were doneexcept for homicide cases which involved death due to rash negligent act. Data was collected from thePostmortem reports of victims of homicide, police inquest reports, medical recordsand relevanthistorycollected from family members, relatives and friends was studied.Data was entered into MS excel andexpressed as frequencies and percentages.Results:Total autopsies done during the study period from March 2019 to February 2020 (1 year) were902, of which 39 were alleged homicide autopsies. Majority of the victims belonged to 21-30 age group.Majority of the homicide cases were males. Majority of the deaths were caused by blunt objects (48%). Inabout 67% of the cases the assailant was a known person. Most of the homicides were family centered anddue to quarrels. Early detection and prevention is the need of the hour.
Aadhar Arogya: Integrated Electronic Health Record as an Aid in Bridging the Gap between Individual Health and Public Health in India – A Review
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.17145

Abstract

Aadhar card is an Indian Government ID card that is issued to all Indian residents. It is one of the largestbiometric databases in the world with over 1.28 billion enrollments thereby constituting the most ubiquitousID card in India. With the additional features of QR code and biometric scanning, it forms an ideal databaseto be linked with the electronic health record. The health records of an individual currently in India is beingmaintained by the individuals. But most often they are misplaced, disorganized, incomplete or lost. Thiswould force the clinician to assume or ascertain the current medical status by subjecting the individualto tests. Improving the quality of the medical and dental services rendered paves way for an integratedelectronic health record. The common concerns arising from such a linkage is data management and datasecurity. Big data management provides a systematic approach to maintaining such large data. The datasecurity concerns can be addressed by employing a data controller in every hospital and a cell to informthe security breach, who can further take up legal penalties. Pseudonymisation, cryptography, audit trial,firewall, antivirus software, and cloud computing are some techniques that can be incorporated.
COVID war or KARMA war: Who Deserves Homecoming?? Are We Taught Anonymously the Forgotten Lesson of Bhagavad Gita?
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.17146

Abstract

History repeats itself until you learn and correct the mistakes. We all tend to create the future with thesame past experiences. Nothing new than the forgotten old. The great Kurukshetra war of Indian Hinduepic the Mahabharata and the Lord’s unsung song Bhagavad Gita from it remind us the same. Althoughcenturies had crossed, the lessons to be learned, and learning from the Gita are the same. Amidst theCOVID-19 pandemic, the entire world is battling against the unseen enemy. We are fighting physically,mentally, economically, and socially. Each and everyone is contributing to the maximum to win the battle.But, the invisible enemy, coronavirus is seemingly stronger than the advanced technologies and growth ofhumanity. This short write up is in search of the true etiology of COVID-19 that came up in the curious mindof a medical researcher who is amazed in the bizarre situation and uncontrolled fight against this unseenenemy.
Important of Morphological Examination of Bone Marrow for a Hematological and Non-Hematological Disorder Safaa Jassim Mohammed
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 4 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i4.17150

Abstract

Background: The bone marrow examination is important for the investigation, diagnosis, and managementof the blood, bone marrow and many systemic disorders. Morphological Bone marrow examination alone issufficient to diagnose nutritional anemias and most acute leukemia.This study aimed to determine the importance of morphological examination of bone marrow to diagnosehematological and non-hematological disorders like various systemic illnesses that affect the bone marrow.Methods: A prospective study carried out for one year at the Hematology lab, Ninava Ibn Sena TeachingHospital, A total of 201 cases were investigated. The bone marrow examination was taken from the posteriorsuperior iliac spine.Results: The age range was (15-87) years. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.2. The most common disorderfinding was acute leukemia 17% (include AML & ALL) and AML is more common than ALL, whereaslymphoproliferative disorders was second bone marrow finding fallowed by Megaloblastic anemia ofMyeloid dysplasia syndrome (MDS) and Essential thrombocythemia (ET).Conclusion: Morphological bone marrow examination is a useful procedure in ascertaining the diagnosis ofseveral hematological and non-hematological disorders.

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