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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
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Autopsy Study of Organ Weights in a Tertiary Care Centre in Kerala Liza John; Krishnan B
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14783

Abstract

Background : Organ weight and its morphometric parameters are one of the most important indicators ofpossible organ defects or diseases, therefore, many studies have evaluated the normal range of body andorgan morphometric parameters, such as organ size, weight, and volume, in different ethnic groups all overthe world. Weighing organs during Autopsy is not a mere physical exercise, but carries great medico legalsignificance.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted by the Department of Forensic medicine at Government TDMedical College Alappuzha from autopsy data collected between January 2013 and December 2018. A totalof 1206 cases (936 males and 270 females) were included in the study on the basis of inclusion criteria andthe findings were recorded in the pre-designed proforma and analyzed.Conclusions : The average age of patients was 46.81 (between the ages 18 and 98), males 46.68(betweenthe ages 18 and 95) and females 47.23 (between the ages 18 and 98). In Males, the average weight of thebrain was 1266.39g (between 700 and 1976g), right lung was 484.41g (between 110 and 1400g), left lungwas 425.09g (between 83 and 1426g), Heart was 289.56g (between 112 and 732g), Liver in male was1356.99g (between 116 and 2822g) , spleen in male was 107.79 (between 12 and 948g) , right kidney was119.53g (between 16 and 270g) and left kidney in male was127.16 (between 46 and 886g).In females the average weight of the brain was 1140.11g (between 725 and 1620g), right lung was 346.05g(between 98 and 992g), left lung was 303.43g (between 22 and 760g), was 241.13g between (68 and 479g);Liver was 1171.78g (between 550 and 2880g); spleen was 100.16g (between 18 and 509g); right kidney was101.91g (between 36 and 624g) and left kidney was 104.23g (between 20 and 234g).
A 27 years old Woman with Drug Reaction with Eosinophilic and Systemic Syndrome (DRESS) induced by 2nd Line treatment of Multi Drug Resistance Tuberculosis: A Case Report Lucky Togihon Harjantho; Iin Noor Chozin
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14784

Abstract

Introduction: Drug Reaction with Eosinophilic and Systemic Syndrome (DRESS) also known as DrugInduced Hypersensitivity Syndrome initially recognized as a severe drug – induce hypersensitivity occurring2-8 weeks after drugs introduction.Case presentation: We report a 27 years-old woman treated by pyrazinamide, ethambutol, capreomycin,levofloxacin, cycloserine, and bedaquiline as an individual treatment for relaps multiple drug resistancepulmonary tuberculosis, then after eighteen days of treatment she admitted to our hospital because of hercomplaint about progressive skin rash, periodic fever, multiple lymphadenopathy, increased of eosinophiliacount, liver function test and renal function test. She have recovered after stopped the drugs and was givenof corticosteroids.Conclusion: Every patients with multi drug resistant (MDR) tuberculosis who receive 2nd line of MDRtuberculosis treatment have a possibility to develop DRESS. Giving of new individual treatment afterDRESS resolved, can lead to patient’s cure.
Time-dependent Expression of Caspase-3 and Degeneration of Lateral Rectus Muscle on Experimental Esotropia in Rabbits Luki Indriaswati; Nurwasis; Gatut Suhendro; Soetjipto; Retno Handajani
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14785

Abstract

Background: To identify correlation between caspase-3 expression and degeneration of lateral rectus muscleon experimental esotropia in rabbits by using time dependent analysis. Methods: Twenty four rabbits weredivided into 4 groups, first month sham (S1); second month sham (S2); first month esotropia (E1); andsecond month esotropia (E2) model groups. Immunohistochemical and haematoxyllin eosin staining wereperformed. Results: In first month observation no significant difference in caspase-3 expression between S1(1.56 ± 1.03) and E1 (3.93 ± 1.66) groups (p >0.05) and in the degeneration score of lateral rectus musclebetween S1 (1.33 ± 1.36) and E1 (3.83 ± 2.04) groups (p> 0.05). In second month observation no significantdifference in caspase-3 expression between S2 (1.80 ±1.08) and E2 (6.50 ± 3.26) groups (p >0.05); butthere was significant difference in the degeneration score of lateral rectus muscle between S2 (1.16 ± 1.16)and E2 (4.50 ± 1.04) groups (p <0.05). There was a significant correlation between caspase-3 expressionand the degeneration score of lateral rectus muscle (p=0.020; r=0.471). Conclusion: On the experimentalesotropia with prolonged lateral muscle contraction in rabbits, the increasing trend of caspase-3 expressionhas a correlation with the increasing degeneration score of lateral rectus muscle.
Determination of Sex by Morphometry of Acetabulum and Acetabulopubic Index in South Indian Population M. Sreenivasan; S. K. Nawaz Ahmed
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14786

Abstract

The capability of determination of gender from unknown human skeletal remains is indispensable andthe techniques to find out this from different bones of human skeletal remains have been researchedtremendously. Several investigators have asserted the necessity for population specific statistical data formethods that are dependent on specific measurements as there exist ample variations in body size amongdiverse ethnic populations. Most reliable bone exhibiting sexual dimorphism in human body is the pelvis andwe have chosen it for derivation of population and sex specific data with respect to diameter of acetabulumand acetabulopubic index. 72 adult, dry innominate hip bones without any morphological deformities anddefects (38 of male and 34 of female sex) belonging to South Indian population were carefully studied withrespect to diameter of Right acetabulum and acetabulopubic index derived from the maximum distancebetween pubis symphysis and the anterior rim of acetabulum i.e. cotylopubic length or acetabulum-pubissymphysis length. All measurements were accurately taken with the aid of digital Vernier caliper andresults were analyzed by means of SPSS software version 26 and the results including the demarking point,standard deviation, sectioning point etc. were found to be statistically significant and therefore acetabulumdiameter and acetabulopubic index can be authentically applied for sex determination from dry adult hipbones belonging to the South Indian population. From the analysis of demarking point, AP index of >94.13identified 73.84% of male sex and <87.15 identified 84.97% of females and therefore AP index can definitelybe considered as the positive and decisive indicator for sex determination from adult hip bones.
Digital Dental Photography-A Modern Revolution M.A.Eswaran; G.Priya; A.Brighton Maniselvan; A.Vishwani; Tanaaz Khan; R.Karthika
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14787

Abstract

Digital photography has multilevel significance and represents the synonym of contemporary dentistry. Itsapplication in dental practice is simple, fast, and extremely useful in documenting procedures of work,effectuating the education of patients, and pursuing clinical investigations, thus providing many dentists andpatient. This article aims to review the various features and advancements in the field of dental photographyand its application in prosthodontics.
Estimation of Time Since Death Using Vitreous Humour Potassium Values M.N.Rajamani Bheem Rao; R.Ravishankar
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14788

Abstract

The death erases all doubts from the dead’s mind but inscribes new doubts in the living mind. The study oftime since death gives the final turn in the crime to find the cause and time of death. The present study wasconducted in Department of Forensic Medicine, Madras Medical College, Chennai during February 2006to July 2006 to find out the time since death by analysing the potassium levels of vitreous humour afterdeath. Total 75 cases were studied which is broadly classified into: Hospital cases and Non- Hospital casesirrespective of age, gender, religion, caste etc., who has died. All the data related to Non-Hospital cases wereanalysed to record the effect of nature and pattern of rise of vitreous humour in the deaths, whose detailedautopsy examination were also recorded subsequently for statistical analysis. From this study, it is concludedthat the vitreous sodium and chloride was found to be totally unaffected and stable for 97 hours after death,irrespective of sex, age, environmental temperature, nature of death and cause of death.
Cross Sectional Evaluation of Females in Fatal Road Traffic Deaths M.Venkatesan; Shaan Raj; U.Jagdish Kamal Chander; Priyadarshee Pradhan; P.Sampath Kumar; Sathya Jagdish
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14789

Abstract

The unnatural deaths can be divided as per the manner as suicidal, accidental, homicidal or undetermined.the accidental deaths constitute a major portions of unnatural deaths. Female population in India were oftennot acquainted to travel by their own like by means of two wheelers and four wheelers in olden days but theproportion has a gradual rise in recent times. The total number of 107 cases constituted unnatural femaledeaths autopsied from June 2013 to August 2014 out of which 52 cases were confirmed to be road trafficdeaths constituting 49% out of which 10 were pedestrians 33 travelled in two wheeler and 9 in four wheeler.On analysis of these 33 cases it was observred that most of them were pillion riders (73%), 95% of femalevictims did not use helmet when travelled on two wheeler and the injuries on the body were more on the leftside (69%) than right. All the victims who travelled in the four wheeler did not use seat belt(9)
Advances in Epidemic Control Laws & COVID-19 Pandemic in India: A Medico-Legal Analysis M.Z.M. Nomani; Faisal Sherwani; Jalal Allail
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14790

Abstract

This paper deals with the efficacy of the Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897 and Epidemic Diseases AmendmentAct, 1937 in the context of Covid-19 pandemic. The colonial mould of epidemic control laws reviewedthe World Health Organization (WHO) legal guidelines for disease preparedness and response. The publichealth strategies of epidemic-pandemic control need juristic innovation, and blanket application of Britishenactment fall short of the expectation of the right based approach health and equity. The enforcement ofthe Epidemic Diseases Act, 1897 during dengue, swine flu, influenza and COVID-19 criticized by the Indianmedico-legal community in India. The emerging discourse can be tailor-made to suit the magnitude of theCovid-19 and pandemics needs a careful analysis. Though the WHO Revision of the International HealthRegulations, 2005 offers new paradigm the Indian government resort to the Epidemic Diseases AmendmentOrdinance, 2020 needs a critical appraisal in COVID-19 pandemic in India.
Correlation of Age, Sex, and Symptoms to Number of Problematic Joints in Children with Idiopathic Juvenile Arthritis Made Retna Paramita Savitri; Azwin Mengindra Putera; Noor Idha Handajani
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14791

Abstract

Background: Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) is a rare case in Asia, including Indonesia. Objective:Analyze the correlation between age, sex, and symptoms on the number of joint problems in children withJIA symptoms. Methods: This study used a retrospective design from January 2016 to December 2019.The data collecting in this study was included age, sex, symptoms, and the number of joint problems. Theanalysis used was multiple linear regression with p <0.05. Results: The correlation between sex (? = 0.015;95% CI -0.002 – 0.002; p = 0.916), age (? = 0.015; 95% CI -0.197 – 0.291; p = 0.916) to the number ofjoint problems was not significant. While, the correlation between symptoms and the number of joints withproblems was significant, which included swelling (? = 1.012; 95% CI 0.243 – 1.782; p = 0.011), fever(? = 1.000; 95% CI 0.082 – 1.918; p = 0.034), and pain. (? = 0.931; 95% CI 0.082 – 1.918; p = 0.007).Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between symptoms and the number of problem joints whileage and sex are not significant
Ending Human Trafficking in India- A Much- Awaited Goal Madhubrata Mohanty
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14792

Abstract

Discussion on the issue of human trafficking in 21st century is definitely quite shameful as the entire worldis transformed into a small place due to globalization. Not only in India, but in almost all the countries ofthe world, this worst form of crime is still existing in some form or other. Through this paper the author hasattempted to analyze the reasons for prevalence of this crime in India even after having concerted effortsby the successive governments to completely eradicate the evil through statutory enactments. Being thesecond largest populous country of the world and having been invaded by a number of foreign invaders, thecountry always suffered in its socio-economic growth. The demographic feature of the country is certainlyanother disadvantage that makes it quite difficult for the governmental schemes to reach the poor peopleliving in the rear ends of the country. Another reason affecting the economy is the refugees coming into thecountry through its porous borders and making it their permanent shelter and expecting their shares from thelimited resources available for the countrymen. It is, in fact, a matter of grave concern that even after havingseveral enactments to deal with human trafficking, still the country is witnessing its prevalence in a largerscale. Prior to the enactment of the Indian Constitution, the Constitution makers too took it very seriouslyfor which traffic in human beings or any forms of forced labour were inserted to be prohibited under Article23. The judiciary has also taken stringent views to eradicate the crime of human trafficking through strictinterpretation of the legislative provisions. But unfortunately it is not being eradicated till today, for which itbecomes imperative for all to introspect the entire system responsible for prevalence of such crime.

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