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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
 443   444   445   446   447 
Evaluation of Biofilm Formation in Klebsiella Pneumoniae and Antibiotic Resistance Sara Hadi Jassim; Anfal Shakir Motib
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14901

Abstract

Biofilm are densely packed communities of germ cell (bacterial cells), that grow either on living or inertsurface, surround themselves with secreted polymers, the role of biofilm formation and development bybacteria has been suggested to be an important stage in the pathogenesis of numerous bacterial species.In this study klebsiella pneumoniae has been investigated to form biofilms and its relation to antibioticsresistant. The antibiotics which are used in this study are Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and Cefotaxime (CTX) becausemost of the isolates showed resistance to these antibiotics. The experiment was design to check the causeof UTI in the different types of patient by taking their urine as a specimen sample. Out of 160; 24 samplesshowed Klebsiella pneumoniae, which cause the urinary tract infection. The organisms were identifiedby the DNA isolation and checking with PCR using 16SrRNA. Antibiotic susceptibility for the differentgroups of antibiotic were done by using disk diffusion method against all Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.Klebsiella pneumoniae are important infectious bacterium and become more dangerous with their capacityof multi-drug resistant. Therefore, there is need to find out alternate therapy to eradicate the infection of thisbacterium by reduce the formation of biofilm which may lead to decrease the antibiotics resistance.
Study the Effect of Poly Aromatic Hydrocharbons by Using Biochemical Tests in Chicken Embryos Sarab,S.Kadhum; Sarab,R.Mustafa; Suha, A.Ali; Maha, M.taen; Melad.A Husien; Estabraq, N, Abdullateef
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14902

Abstract

The major risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in all ecosystems originates from human raceactivity such as petroleum refining and other industrial processes. PAHs cause several effects at low dosesin animals in different ecosystem. The aim of this study was to assess the treatment of AL-Dura refinerywastes before being discharged to the river by studying their effects on the liver and renal functions inchicken embryos which used as a model exposed in vivo. One hundred and twenty local eggs were incubatedhorizontally at 37.5±0.5?C with a relative humidity of 65% in an egg incubator. Sixty eggs were used forhatchability study, were as other sixty eggs were used for biochemical analysis. On day 15th of incubation,the eggs were randomly divided into three different treatment groups and marked for identification. The firstA and second group B were exposed by injections with the residues of AL-Dura refinery (after treatment)and at the concentration of (2, 4) ppm respectively and 0.2 ml / egg into the air cell with sterile siring,then sealed with melted paraffin. Control group was injected with Olive oil. On day 18th of incubation thesamples of blood were collected from embryos. Liver function was measured using a biochemical assay withdiagnostic kits of specific enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP). Ceratinine and urea level were measured to assesrenal function. The result showed a signenificant increase p? .05in the level of liver enzymes (ALT, AST),ceratinine and urea by increasing the exposure dose, were as there is a decrease in the level of ALP with theincreasing of exposure dose. Hatchability rat were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased with dose exposureincrease. Mortalities in the chicken embryos of all groups showed dose-dependent relationship. That showsthere are a clear effect of oil waste on liver and renal function, and an indication of the inefficient treatmentof these waste before being discharged to the river.
Study of Epstein - Barr virus Infection in Relation to the Immunohistochemical Expression of Bcl-2 gene in Tissues of Patients with Adenocarcinoma of the Colon Sarmad M. Zeiny; Saad Hasan Mohammed Ali; Jabbar R. Zangoor; Shakir H .Mohammed Al-Alwany
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14903

Abstract

Background: EBV infection in tissue micro-environment is challenged by the precisely regulated survivaland apoptosis mechanisms. Abnormal bcl-2 proto-oncogene expression in colonic carcinomas allowsaccumulation and propagation of these genetically altered cells.Objective: To analyze the relevant concordance of BCL-2 gene , EBNA1 s and LMP-1-EBV expression inissues from a group of Iraqi patients with colonic adenocarcinomas.Patients and Methods: One hundred (100) tissue biopsies, belonged to (40) patients with colorectalcancers, (40) patients with benign colon tumors, and (20) apparently normal colorectal control tissues,were enrolled in this study. The detection of EBNA1 s and LMP-1-EBV as well as BCL-2 was done byimmunohistochemistry (IHC).Results: The positive-IHC results of EBNA1 detection in 40 tissues with malignant colonic tumors were57.5%, while in 40 colonic benign tumors tissues were 32.5 %. In those apparently healthy colonic controltissues, EBNA1 detection was 20%. The positive results of LMP-1 –EBV -IHC detection where 45 % fromcolonic carcinoma group, while the percentage of benign colonic tumors was 30%(12 out of 40). Lastly, inAHC was15% showed positive signals. Malignant colonic tumors showed 47.5% positive results of Bcl2-IHC detection while benign colonic tumor tissues showed 40% positive bcl-2-IHC reactions and in thecolonic control tissues was 20%.Conclusion: It concluded from the present high rates of EBV infection in colonic adenocarcinoma alongwith the concordance bcl-2 expression that they could played an important role in the development andprogression of both malignant and benign colonic tumors in our group of Iraqi patients.
A Qualitative Study: Availability of Health Facilities as Part of Supporting the Implementation of the Health Referral System Sartini Risky; Alida Palilati; Muhammad Amir; Nani Yuniar
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14904

Abstract

The referral problem in Southeast Sulawesi is still quite complex. Based on preliminary studies conductedat several health centers, it was found that there were several problems related to human resources, time,facilities and infrastructure. The basic thing that was found was lack of availability of facilities and infrastructure. The results of observations at several Public Health Care found that several other complaintsrelated to the BPJS (Social Security Administrator) referral system that were felt were the lack of facilities inprimary health services and some damaged facilities so that cases that should have been handled at primary/ secondary services were immediately referred to tertiary hospitals. This research is a qualitative research,The research was conducted at the Public Health Care of Kendari City and Bau-Bau City from February2020 to completion. aspects of facilities and infrastructure as an important aspect in the implementationof The referral system is still inadequate in terms of the quantity of facilities and infrastructure as well ascompliance with the compendium. The referral system is still inadequate in terms of both the number ofdrugs and the suitability of the formulary.
Formulating a Standardized Dental Record Format for Dental Surgeons in India - A Pilot Study on Dentists at Chennai and Ahmedabad Selwin Gabriel Samuel; M B Aswath Narayanan; Dhwani Patel; Vennila Anand
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14906

Abstract

Background: Dental record management remains to be a much unexplored arena in forensic odontology.While some developed countries have pre-set guidelines for their licensed dental surgeons to follow, Indialacks one such protocol. As a result, majority of dental surgeons in India do not maintain patients’ recordsproperly. This not only hampers the quality of dental practice, but also compromises its potential as avaluable forensic aid.Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive cross-sectional study. A comprehensive case historyformat was drafted for dental record management by optimizing the protocols followed by some developedcountries. The protocols were supplied to 20 dental surgeons from Chennai and Ahmedabad, who werechosen by stratified simple random sampling. The dental surgeons were asked to follow the format for amonth and give detailed feedbacks thereafter, which were collected in feedback forms.Results: Out of 25 participants, only 15 of them completed the study. The feedback contained both positiveand negative comments, along with some with effective suggestions. As a collective opinion, the dentalsurgeons felt that the case history was too exhaustive. Though the dental surgeons unreservedly welcomedmost parts of it, some dentists had difficulties in adopting certain sections in their routine practice and rathersuggested removal or modification of those divisions.Conclusion: The feedbacks and suggestions given by the dentists clarified the feasibility of the prepareddental record format. However, further research on larger scales would be helpful in arriving at definiteconclusions.
Drug Interaction of Hypericum Perforatum with Routine Chemical Drugs Reza Assadzadeh; Shabnam Shamaei; Aliasghar Manouchehri
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14907

Abstract

In traditional medicine, Hypericum perforatum L. is used as an antidepressant, diuretic, analgesic, antisepticand wound healing, anticonvulsant, rheumatism and chronic gastrointestinal spasms, abortion, sciatica, andfor the treatment of infectious diseases such as syphilis, tuberculosis, dysentery, pertussis, worm excretion,and malaria. H. perforatum interferes with cardiac drugs, anesthetics, narcotics and analgesics, antibiotics,hormonal compounds, antiviral compounds, anticonvulsants and antidepressants, organ transplantationcompounds, and iron compounds. Despite the medicinal effects of the valuable plant H. perforatum, thesingle use of this plant is very effective and valuable in the treatment of diseases and disorders, but its usewith other chemical drugs due to the occurrence of drug interactions requires caution in consumption.
Pathological Evaluation of Canine Hepatic Cirrhosis and Necro-inflammatory Activity Shahad Saad Mahdi; Jihad Abdulameer Ahmed
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14908

Abstract

Background: Hepatic fibrosis is a common pathological result of chronic liver diseases, which is a dynamicprocess of liver decomposition mediated by cellular mediators in response to injury.Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the histopathological features of dog-liver fibrosis and / orcirrhosis.Materials and Methods: 40 liver samples were collected; 12 liver fibrosis suspected animals were performedthe histopathology to determine the main features of canine liver fibrosis.Results: The histopathology revealed chronic hepatitis with liver islands separated by strips of fibroblastsand collagen, moderate numbers of macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells. Also in fibrosis betweenchronic hepatitis/cirrhosis had a wide range of severity and inflammation was observed primarily aroundfibrous tissue or was surrounded by fibrous tissue but extended to the liver parenchyma. The histochemicalstudy revealed to a deposition of collagen fibers in the portal, subscapular and interlobular regions.Conclusion: The histopathology revealed a range of lesions vary from mild hepatic degenerative changes tosevere fibrotic features associated with canine hepatic fibrosis and early cirrhosis.
Study of Electrical Injuries in Fatal Cases in Tertiary Care Hospital Shaik Khaja Moinuddin; G Jhansi Laxmi
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14909

Abstract

Background and Objective: With wide spread use of electricity at home and work place the amount ofelectrical related injuries are on the rise. The present study attempts to know age, sex distribution patternof electrical injuries, cause of death, manner of death, and Histopathological changes in skin with electricalcontact mark and in internal organs.Methods: Study was conducted on deaths due to electrocution brought to Osmania General Hospitalmortuary during the period of one year. Specimen of skin with contact mark and internal organs like heart,kidney was sent for Histopathological examination. Data from police reports and picture evidence from thesite of the accident were retrieved.Result: Total number of 60 cases was studied in one-year period. Much of the casualties were men, belongingto the working age community. 58% of victims died instantaneously due to shock. 37% of the fatalities weredue to complications of severe flash burns. High voltage electrocution constituted 56.66 % of cases. Lowvoltage electrocution constituted 43.33%. High voltage electrocution was identified as flash burns, lowvoltage electrocution was identified as contact mark. Typical Histopathological changes were seen in skinand heart specimen sent for examination. Histopathological changes in kidney were nonspecific.Conclusion: The diagnostic parameters for electrocution are the electrical contact mark. Histopathologicalchanges were used as supportive evidence in determining cause of death. Human negligence, electricaldefective appliances and connexions and lack of safety precautions were the key factors for electrocutiondeath.
Forensic Estimation of Stature from Foot Length: An Autopsy based Study Sheik Shakeer Hussain S; Sheeju P.A.; Ajay Balachandran
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14910

Abstract

The present study was conducted on 224 dead bodies of Keralites (167 males and 57 females) aged between20 and 60 years. The correlation coefficient calculated in males for the stature and right foot length (0.779)and left foot length (0.778); and the right foot length (0.653) and left foot length (0.638) in females weresignificant at 0.01 level. Males had significantly higher mean values for both stature and foot length comparedto females. Regression equations were derived from right and left foot length for estimating stature in malesand females. Stature (Y) could be calculated from the right foot length (X1) in males with the equation Y= 53.050 + 4.802 X1. For the left foot length (X2) in males, the equation was Y = 53.618 + 4.7762 X2. Infemales, the equations were Y = 78.538 + 3.597 X1 & Y = 78.724 + 3.601 X2 respectively.
Risk Analysis of Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) Complaints on Batik Crafters Under The Assistance of Ademos Indonesia Shintia Yunita Arini; Dani Nasirul Haqi
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14911

Abstract

Introduction: Batik is one of Indonesia’s original works of art that is continuously preserved in severalregions in Indonesia. Several people working as batik crafters in Bojonegoro, East Java, Indonesia areunder the assistance of Ademo. Based on the preliminary study conducted, most batik crafters had startedto complain of pain in several parts of their body, which was considered due to work postures and nonergonomic work stations. Thus, this study was conducted to analyze the risk of Musculoskeletal Disordersusing RULA and NBM.Materials and Methods: It was an observational study with cross sectional design. Data collection wasconducted by conducted observation using RULA (Rapid Upper Limb Assessment), NBM (Nordic BodyMap) and interviews with batik crafters in home industry. The population in this study was 42 batik craftersin a batik industry under the assistance of Ademos Bojonegoro. This study utilized total sampling techniqueby which the whole population were taken as the sample.Results: The results showed that 76.2% of batik crafters had a very high risk of MSDs on the right side ofthe body and on the left side of the body; 50% of batik crafters had a high risk of MSDs; and 50% had a veryhigh risk of MSDs. The results of observations using NBM showed that 42.85% had a high risk of MSDs.Conclusion: This study concludes that all the batik crafters are in an emergency circumstance experiencingmusculoskeletal disorders and need an ergonomic work station as soon as possible.

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