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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
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Contaminant Investigations of Regularly used Eye Contact Lenses Rebwar Muhammad Hamasalih; Karzan Abdulmuhsin Mohammed; Pinar Khalid Khudhur
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14871

Abstract

Microorganisms, particularly bacteria, are considered to play a role in the etiology of certain corneal infectionsobserved during soft contact lens wear. This study explored the possibility of microbial colonization of softcontact lenses as a risk factor leading to corneal infection. In a clinical trial conducted and 86 lenses wererecovered aseptically and analyzed for microbial colonization. The incidence of bacteria and fungi wasfewer during corneal infection than during asymptomatic lens wear. During asymptomatic lens wear, cornealinfection bacteria were isolated most frequently and were usually normal external ocular microbiota. Of theGram-positive bacteria, the incidence of Staphylococcus aureus was fewer during asymptomatic wear. WhileGram-negative bacteria were seen in high cases during asymptomatic wear, this includes Escherichia coliand Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fungal screening and identification revealed 2 cases of contamination withthe yeast Candida albicans that able to form a biofilm. Colonization of soft contact lenses with pathogenicbacteria, especially gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, appears to be a significant risk factor leadingto corneal infection.
Viral Profile and Clinical Characteristic in Acute Asthma Exacerbation Patients Resti Yudhawati; Erwin Winaya; Laksmi Wulandari; Aldise M Nastri; Retno A Setyoningrum; Kazufumi Shimizu
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14872

Abstract

Background: Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation. Thevirus infection in respiratory tract will activate greater pro-inflammatory cytokines in asthma patients.The enhancement of pro-inflammatory cytokines induces various clinical symptoms. This study aims toinvestigate the respiratory virus and clinical characteristics among patients with acute asthma exacerbation.Methods: In this study, subjects were divided into 3 groups based on acute asthma exacerbation triggers.The first group triggered by virus infection; the second group triggered by non-virus infection with ILI; andthe third group without any infection. Nasopharynx or throat swabs were collected to detect any respiratoryvirus. Virus was detected by Multiplex PCR (xTAG Respiratory Viral Panel Fast V2/ LUMINEX)Results: According to PCR examination, the prevalence of virus infection was 46.2%. Only two types ofviruses identified, which were Influenza A virus and Rhinovirus. All patients in the second groups showeda symptom of cough with purulent sputum, while no patients from the other two groups showed similarsymptoms. PEFR and % PEFR prediction of patients with Influenza A virus infection were higher than inRhinovirus infected-patients (210 L/min and 48.6% vs 195 L/min and 45%).Conclusion: Acute asthma exacerbation is one of the most reasons patients came to emergency ward. Themajority of acute asthma exacerbation was caused by infection, and most of it was viral infection. Clinicalsign differs according to the trigger, therefore the use of antibiotics should be avoided, unless there are signsand symptoms of bacterial infections
Capillary Lactate Level in Non-Severe and Severe CommunityAcquired Pneumonia Patients Resti Yudhawati; Kowiy Akbar
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14873

Abstract

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia is an inflammatory disease of the lung caused bymicroorganisms acquired from a non-hospital environment. The pneumonia severity index and ATS/IDSAseverity criteria are widely used to predict the severity of CAP. Lactate is a biomarker that can be measuredby point-of-care devices that provide results in a short of time. This study aimed to determine the differencein capillary lactate level between non-severe and severe pneumonia to provide an additional method toquickly stratify pneumonia severity and treat it accordingly.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in the emergency room of a regional research hospital.The pneumonia diagnosis was determined by the symptoms, physical examination and radiological findings.Capillary lactate level was measured with Accutrend Plus lactate point-of care device. Severity stratificationwas done according to ATS/IDSA criteria. The mean of lactate level in all subjects was 3.40±1.52, in nonsevere pneumonia subgroup was 2.25±0.94, and 4.56±1.01 in severe pneumonia subgroup. Lactate issignificantly higher in severe pneumonia subgroup. The cut-off point of lactate level for severity group was3.2 mmol/L (95.5% sensitivity, 86.4% specificity).Conclusion: The early prediction of CAP severity is essential to determine the need for admission in theintensive care unit and close follow up. The lactate level can be used for immediate severity stratification inemergency departments.
Reconstruction of Prevention and Handling of Stunting Policy in Public Health Center Retno Widhiastuti; Mahmutarom HR; Setyo Trisnadi
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14874

Abstract

Introduction: Indonesia has severe nutritional problems, one of which is stunting. Stunting is a chronicmalnutrition condition caused by many multi-dimensional. According to the Minister of Health Republicof Indonesia No. 43 of 2019 about Public Health Center, Public Health Center Services are part of publicservices and are basic routine health services consisting of Public Health Efforts (UKM) and IndividualHealth Efforts (UKP), one of which is the prevention and handling of stunting in Public Health Center.Demak III Public Health Center is a health center in the city that has an area of 18.78 km with a populationof 38,218 people precisely on the road Cempaka Raya No. 5 Katonsari, Demak consists of 5 villages and1 village namely Kalikondang village, Katonsari, Donorojo, Mangunjiwan, Cabean, and Tempuran. Of thesix villages, Donorejo village is the village that has the highest number of stunting cases compared to othervillages.Research Objectives: The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the reconstruction of preventionand handling of stunting policy in Public Health Center.Research Methods: This research uses the paradigm of constructivism, which is the policies that exist ingovernment agencies can be examined objectively related to accurate data, then constructed through theconcept of law that is only tested again its strength. Methods used with Critical thinking. Critical thinkingis the ability to think clearly and rationally, understand the logical relationship between ideas. The samplingmethod is a non-random sampling technique that is purposive sampling is a way of taking subjects based ona specific goal.Results and Discussion: The description of the reconstruction of prevention and handling of stunting policyin Public Health Center through integration actions with stakeholders of government agencies in the DemakRegency area is still partial. With the policy that is still partial, in the prevention and handling of stunting bycriticizing (critical thinking) existing policies. Prevention and reduction of stunting is carried out by healthworkers through programs with cross-sectors and networks already running.
Determinants of Loss to Follow-Up Among MDR-TB Patients Riadnin Maharja; Wahiduddin; Apik Indarti Moedjiono; Andi Zulkifli; Nur Nasry Noor; Hasanuddin Ishak; Rizky Maharja
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14885

Abstract

Cases of tuberculosis has gotten worse since results of global surveillance revealed that mycobacterium isresistant to rifampicin and isoniazid. It can cause Loss to Follow-Up among MDR-TB patients. The purposeof this study is Determinants of Loss to Follow-Up among MDR-TB Patients. This research is an analyticobservational study with a case control study design with a retrospective approach. Cases were MDR-TBpatients who dropped out of treatment as much 27 people, while controls were subjects with MDR-TBpatients who did not Loss to Follow-Up of treatment as much 83 people. Data analysis was performedby looking at the Odds Ratio value. The result showed that knowledge (OR = 5.28, 95% CI = 1.410347–29.19908), drug side effect (OR = 32.324332, 95% CI = 4.732715–1353.07), family support (OR = 5.01875,95% CI = 1.602489 – 15.57846), social stigma (OR = 6.712963, 95% CI = 1.473798–61.68985) were thedeterminants of loss to follow up among MDR-TB patients. It can conclude that determinants of loss tofollow-up among MDR-TB patients include knowledge, drug side effects, family support, and social stigma.
Motivational Interviewing and Physical Activity on Quality of Life of Type 2 DM Patients in Makassar City Ridwan Amiruddin; Nurhaedar Jafar; Jumriani Ansar; Uliadi Barrung Limbong; Risnah
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14886

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to see the effect of a combination of motivational interviewing and physicalactivity programs on the quality of life of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM).Methods: The design of this study was a quasi-experimental with a non-randomized control group pretestposttest design. The population was all patients with type 2 DM who were recorded in the medical records ofPublic Health Centers. The sampling technique was exhaustive sampling with a sample size of 30 people inthe intervention group and 30 people in the control group. Using bivariate data analysis, the two dependentmean difference test and two independent mean difference tests were used.Results: Statistical analysis show that there are differences in the mean value of the four domains ofquality of life in the intervention group before and after treatment (p = 0.0001 for each domain of PhysicalHealth, Psychological Conditions, Social Relations, and Environmental Conditions); there is a differencein the quality of life of type 2 DM patients between the intervention group and the control group with thepercentage of improving the quality of life in the good category in the intervention group after being giventreatment by 66.7% (p= 0.0001).Conclusion: Providing a combination of counseling programs with a motivational interviewing approachwhich is followed by gymnastics exercise is effective in improving the quality of life of type 2 DM patients.
Antimicrobial Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Found in Dadiah on Disease-Causing Skin Infections Rinita Amelia; Dessy Abdullah; Yudha E. Pratama; Endang Purwati
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14887

Abstract

Dadiah is a fermented food made from buffalo milk containing lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The potentialof LAB as an antimicrobial organism is expected to inhibit or kill pathogens, especially those causinginflammations in the skin. Dadiah used in this study was obtained from the Lintau area of Tanah DatarDistrict, West Sumatra, Indonesia. LAB isolation and identification involved the use of MRS Broth(MERCR) and MRS Agar (MERCK) media and the pathogenic bacteria used include Staphylococcusaureus, Propionibacterium acnes, Acinetobacter Baumannii, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonasaeruginosa. The results of this study obtained a total LAB of 7x1011 CFU / g and showed the highestantimicrobial activity in the Staphylococcus aureus with a14.53 mm clear zone and 13.18 mm bacteria inthe Pseudomonas aeruginosa test bacteria.
Children and Stunting Phenomenon in Indonesia: Legal Perspective Rizka Rizka; Heru Santoso Wahito Nugroho; Arief Budiono; Wafda Vivid Izziyana; Ayesha Hendriana Ngestiningrum
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14888

Abstract

Indonesia is a country with abundant natural resources, yet the case of malnutrition has gone on since a longtime ago. The non-serious handling of malnutrition causes various health conditions such as stunting. Thiswill influence economic capacities and productivity; thus, it becomes a serious threat. This research uses aquantitative method, by using primary and secondary legal sources.Stunting may have implications on children’s health both in the short and in the long run. It may influence thecountry’s economy. The roles of the government, parents, family, and the society is not enough in protectingchildren from stunting. The government has not maximally implied various programs in preventing andhandling stunting, thus the rate of stunting is not yet according to the standard given by WHO. This describessome aspects and the citizens’ rights which are not yet fulfilled, including the rights to live, the right forhealth, the right for children to grow, and other rights.
Which Predisposing Factors Influence The Farmers in Compliance of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)? Rizky Maharja; Ade Wira Lisrianti Latief; Helmy Gani; M. Anas; Muhammad Akbar Salcha; Sri Novianti Bahar; Ria Rezeki Sudarmin
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14889

Abstract

Farmers who work in the agricultural sector are workers who need attention in the field of occupationalsafety and health because of the combinations of hazard and risk. One of them is the risk of pesticides, suchas poisoning to death. To prevent it, the use of appropriate PPE is the best solution, but most farmers do notcomply with them. The specific purpose of this study was to find in-depth information about the use of PPEby vegetable farmers. It is a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach to study the phenomenonof PPE non-compliance among vegetable farmers. Sampling was carried out by using purposive samplingtechnique, which involved 18 farmers from different village. Data were analyzed using content analysis.The result showed that the farmers had worked for more than 10 years. They knew the function of PPEand the impact of not using it, education had no impact on compliance of using PPE based on the majorityof farmer’s education. Also, the farmers can not provide the nominal for purchasing PPE, because it isincidental so income has not contributed to compliance of using PPE. And although most of the farmershave a good attitude to compliance of using PPE, it has no impact on compliance of using PPE in vegetablefarmers. It can conclude that the predisposing factors in this study are considered insufficient to make apositive contribution to compliance with the use of PPE.
Method Development and Optimization for Colchicine Estimation in Toxicological Analysis using Dispersive LiquidLiquid Micro-Extraction and HPLC-UV Rohith Krishna; Bhavana Shivankar
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.14890

Abstract

Background: Colchicine is an alkaloid with anti-mitotic properties and has a narrow Therapeutic Indexwhich can be proven to be fatal at higher doses. The present study is an attempt to develop a method thatincludes an effective adaptation of Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction (DLLME) with optimizedparameters.Methods: The preliminary analysis was performed with UV-VIS Spectrophotometer. The analysis wasperformed using a Shimadzu LC-10AT with SPD- 10A UV-VIS Detector. The sample analyzed wasZycolchin 0.5mg. The developed method was validated in accordance with the ICH guidelines.Results: The LOD and LOQ was determined to be 6µg/ml and 19µg/ml respectively. The system suitabilitywas determined using the symmetry and efficiency calculation. The sample showed excellent linearity ofR2= 0.99. The present study facilitates an optimized methodology for extraction and analysis which ensuresgreat efficiency for the forensic analysis of colchicine. The study also highlights the importance of microextractions as they require only micro-level solvent usage which greatly improves the laboratory analysis.The entire extraction process is quick and effective for the analyte and is useful for the toxicological analysisin the forensic perspective.

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