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INDONESIA
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Published by Official Organ of Indian Association of Medico-Legal Expert
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Epidemilogi
Articles 5,497 Documents
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Genotype Frequency of Cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9) Mutations in Iraqi Ethnic Groups Suhad R. AL- Tayie; Salwa Jaber Al-Awadi; Iqbal harbi Mohammed Al-Zaidi
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.15045

Abstract

In Middle East, There is a little knowledge about the cytochrome P450s genotyping and there has not foundany investigation about the CYP2C9 allelic diversity in Iraqi population nowadays .CYP2C9 genotypes wereestablished in a total of 400 subjects of healthy Iraqis volunteers from different areas in Iraq (Arab ,Kurdand Turkmen). After extraction of DNA from blood cells and polymerase chain reaction, SNP genotypingfor CYP2C9 variants (2,3,4 and 5) was performed by using the primer extension KASP® genotyping assay.The agreement with “Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium” for detected the distribution of CYP2C9 genotypewas proved by (X2 – test) .The CYP2C9*2 , CYP2C9*3 and CYP2C9*5 alleles variant were identified inIraqi population , whereas the CYP2C9*4 was absent , The results revealed that there was non- significantassociation observed in all CYP2C9 genotypes among Iraqi ethnic groups .then The CYP2C9 genotypesresults in our study were compared to other populations and The results exhibited that the frequency of Iraqipopulation CYP2C9 variants were comparable with other countries and ethnic groups. This is the first reportof CYP2C9 variants from Iraq; the results are assist as a database on CYP2C9 gene polymorphisms andclinical data baseline for dosing and avoiding adverse reactions of drugs metabolized by CYP2C9 in Iraqispatients.
Physiological and Histological Study of Doxorubicin Effect on Kidney Tissue in Cancer Induced Rats Sundus W. Alabdullah; Majid N. Humoud
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.15046

Abstract

Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) is one of the chemical drugs commonly used worldwide for the treatment ofvarious types of cancer , and high doses of it cause unwanted toxic side effects on the kidney. This studyaims to demonstrate the physiological and histopathological effect of the doxorubicin drug on kidney ofrats. For this purpose , twenty adults male were used in this study and were divided equally into four groups(A: control group, B: a group treated with the carcinogen only , C: a group treated with the carcinogen anddoxorubicin and D: a group treated with doxorubicin only). Five rats were included in each group and thecancer was developed by injection with azoxymethane once a week for the B and C groups. Comparedto the other groups, there was a significant decrease in the weights of animals for the carcinogen-treatedgroup. The concentrations of the hematological parameters of the groups, such as Hb, PCV as well as sometests related to the kidney functions like the concentration of urea , uric acid ,albumin ,globulin, creatinineand total protein were measured and it was found differences between these three groups in term of thesetestes compared with control group. Regarding to the histological examination of the kidney present studyshowed specific tissue changes in the treated-carcinogen groups , such as lymphocytes infiltration , glomerulicondense , destroyed of urinary tubules in addition to the presence of bleeding. As for the group treated withdoxorubicin , pathological changes were observed include, destroyed of glomerular basement membrane ,glomeruli and urinary tubules.
Ramadan Fasting and Risk of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) in Healthy People: A Review Balsam Qubais Saeed; Kubais Saeed Fahady; Ahmed Omar Adrees
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.15047

Abstract

Fasting the month of Ramadan is one of five obligatory pillars of the Islamic creed, observed strictly byhundreds of millions of Muslims every year. The fasting process includes absolute abstinence from eatingand drinking for an average of around 15 hours daily for one month. As the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic has been ongoing during the month of fasting, there are public concerns that fastingmay increase the susceptibility for infection of COVID-19. According to Islamic jurisdiction, if adequatescientific evidence of harm on health is available, fasting is discouraged and should not be practiced.Such concern is not only relevant to the Muslim population but is becoming increasingly relevant to otherpopulations due to the practice of intermittent fasting which is a popular current health trend worldwide.There is no direct evidence of any disadvantage effect of Ramadan fasting during the COVID-19 pandemicon healthy people, for this purpose, we performed a systematic review of 37 articles published between2005 and April 2020 which investigated the effect of fasting on markers of the respiratory system functionand immune response. Our main findings from this analysis show that there is no evidence that fasting themonth of Ramadan have a negative impact on the respiratory function and the immune system of healthyindividuals.
Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions in Premalignant and Malignant Oral Lesion: A Quantitative and Qualitative Assessment Shafali Singh; Seema Sharma; Manu Gupta; Akansha Singh
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.15048

Abstract

Background: Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) has been considered to be useful indiagnostic pathology, mainly to distinguish benign lesions from their malignant counterparts.Aim: This study was done to evaluate the significance of various AgNOR parameters in differentiatingpremalignant and malignant oral lesions.Materials and Methods: The study was performed on thirty five archival tissues consisting of samplecomprised of five normal mucosa, fifteen premalignant lesions and fifteen malignant oral lesions. AgNORswere assessed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Chi squaretest.Results: Quantitatively and qualitatively significant difference was noticed. Quantitatively significantdifference in the mean value of AgNORs noticed between the premalignant and malignant lesions. In termsof qualitatively, the premalignant and malignant oral lesions differed significantly from normal mucosa.Conclusion: To conclude, the AgNOR count is the most appropriate marker to differentiate betweenpremalignant and malignant oral lesions.
Role of Serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Vitmin- C Level in Non-Smokers and Chronic Smokers with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) in Male Ranjit Ambad; Saurabh Hadke; Pradip Jain; Ashish Anjankar
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.15049

Abstract

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is recognized as a serious health hazard as each cigarette tears away 7-11minutes of human life. The present study aimed to investigate the serum MDA and vitamin c levels in nonsmoker and chronic smoker with AMI patient and its association with cigarette consumption. Cigarettesmoke contains many oxidants capable of generating reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species.These species play a key role in oxidative stress, leading to the development and progression of manydisorders, including hypertension, cancer, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases.Methods: This study was conducted in the Medicine Department at DMMC & SMHRC, Nagpur incollaboration with ABVRH, Sawangi (Meghe) during September 2020 to January 2021. Informed consentwas obtained from all the subjects. 40 controls who were apparently healthy non-smokers were includedafter appropriate matching (for age and sex) and 40 apparently healthy chronic smokers were selected 40chronic smokers with diagnosed acute myocardial infarction were selected from SMHRC. All of them weremale subjectsResult: The MDA and vitamin C were compared between Group A and Group B and also between Group Band Group C. There was a significant rise in MDA (p<0.0001) and significant decrease in vitamin C (p<0.01)in Group B compared to Group A. There was a significant rise in MDA (p<0.0001) and significant decreasein vitamin C (p<0.001) in Group C compared to Group B.Conclusions: The increase in serum MDA level and decrease in vitamin C was found in chronic smokerscompared to non-smokers. It was also found that there is increase in serum MDA and decrease in vitamin Cin smokers with AMI compared with smokers without AMI, and the reason for this inter-subject variabilityof MDA and vitamin C levels may be due to gene-environmental factors.
Quadrifurcation of Coeliac Trunk- A Case Report Rohan A Gawali; Ujwal Gajbe; Trupti Balwir; Sumedha Anjankar; Vaibhav Anjankar
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.15050

Abstract

During routine dissection of a cadaver in the department of anatomy at Seth GS Medical College and KEMHospital, we discovered a very rare type of branching pattern of the Coeliac Trunk (CT). The CT measured3cm in length and was quadrifurcating into replaced right hepatic artery, common hepatic artery, left gastricartery and splenic artery. The replaced right hepatic artery had unusual course where it ran behind theportal vein and bile duct to reach the right lobe of liver. Common hepatic artery after giving gastroduodenaland right gastric artery continued as middle hepatic artery while left hepatic artery originated from leftgastric artery. A complete knowledge of these variations are helpful for hepatobiliary surgeons and also forradiologists.
Physical and Psychological Health of Nursing Staff During the Pandemic: Effect of Stress Rohini Panchbhai; Rucha Lohi; Shaini Suraj; Vijay Babar
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.15051

Abstract

Stress is part of life and it affects the people in different ways. If stress is not managed properly it can lead toanger, frustration or depression. High stress levels can cause physical or psychological issues. It might causeheadache, weight loss or weight gain, dizziness, teeth grinding, lack of sleep, laziness, body pain, anger,irritation, anxiety or depression. The nursing staff being part of a sector which falls under essential serviceswas at work in hospitals during the pandemic COVID 19. They had to report to services in spite of the factthat they were equally exposed to the risk of getting the infection. In such situation the nursing staff wasworking under stress. This study aims to investigate the relationship between the stress and health of nursingstaff employed in the COVID 19 ward.
Vitamin D Levels and Its Correlation with Severity of Breast Cancer Anagha V. Sahasrabuddhe; Sanika Deshmukh; Shailesh U. Pitale; Chandrasekhar Mahakalkar; Ajonish Kamble
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.15052

Abstract

Introduction: Vitamin D has wide range of actions in the body which include immunogenic actions,differentiation of immune cells and keratinocytes, expression of growth factors etc. Genes encoding forproteins that regulate cellular differentiation, cell proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis contain vitaminD response element.Materials and Methods: A total of 135 newly diagnosed cases of breast cancer and equal number ofcontrols were recruited in the study. The histo-pathological grading of cancer, Hormone-receptor status(estrogen receptor-ER, progesterone receptor PR and HER-2 receptor) was done by immunohistochemistry,stage of tumor (based on TNM Classification), details of metastasis were noted. Vitamin D levels were doneby HPLC method.Results: The mean age, age at menarche, BMI, calcium intake, sun exposure, Ser PTH levels, Ser Calciumlevels were insignificantly different in both the groups. Ser Vitamin D levels were 30.95±17.65 ng/Ml incases and 27.21±7.97 ng/Ml in controls, with a p value of 0.198 which is not significant. The levels ofVitamin D in ng/Ml in Stage I, Stage II, Stage III and Stage IV were as follows: 26.06±11.45, 29.61±17.23,47.33±21.13, 42.67±28.92 and a p value of 0.190(NS). Thus there was no significant difference in VitaminD levels of cases and controls. The association between the biomarker status and stages showed significantresults as indicated by p-value of 0.043.Conclusion: This study fails to find any inverse association of vitamin D with severity of breast cancer andreceptor status.
A Review Article on Ahar Vihar According to Ritus in Ayurveda Kaustubh Bhoyar; Bhushan Mhaiskar; Santosh Pusadkar; Sonali Bhoyar; Harsh Salankar
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.15053

Abstract

In general there are mainly three seasons: winter, summer, rainy season. According to Ayurveda, six seasonsare considered: Vasant, Grishma, Varsha, Sharad, Hemant and Shishir. Acharya Sushrut has divided the 12months of the year into these seasons. There are two parts of the year in which the sun moves towards northin the first part and in the second part, the sun moves towards the south in Visarga. These are termed asadanakala and visargakala. There are winter, spring and summer seasons in the input period and varsha andHemant seasons in the Visarga period. At the time of exchange, the Sun remains strong and the moon weak.The peak season is strong, spring is medium and summer is beautiful. During the Visarga period, the Moonis strong and the Sun is weak. Lunar is nutritious. The rainy season is of great strength, the autumn seasonis of medium strength and the spring season is of great strength.
A Critical Review on Area of Research in Standardization of Panchakarma Procedures Swati Tikale; Shweta Parwe; Nandkishor Umale; Sonali Wairagade; Madhulika Tiwari
Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Vol. 15 No. 2 (2021): Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology
Publisher : Institute of Medico-legal Publications Pvt Ltd

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37506/ijfmt.v15i2.15054

Abstract

Background: Panchakarma procedures belonging to a class of cleansing procedures called shodanatherapy (purification) in Ayurveda. The unusual fact Panchakarma now convening is, the same Panchakarmaprocedure is giving different percentage of efficacy rate in different regions, in patients with the samedisease and base-line parameters. To ensure uniformity of the procedures and achieving maximum efficacy,standardization of these Panchakarma procedures became an emergency necessity.Aim: The present article focus at exploring the area of research in standardization of Panchakarmaprocedures and to enhance and make sure standardized Panchakarma procedures should be followedeverywhere thereby certifying maximum possible safety and uniform efficacy.Review Results: The methodology for Standardization of Panchakarma procedures has to be implementedin an emergency basis to ensure complete safety and maximum efficacy.Discussion: The methodology for Standardization should be prepared by absorbing the concept ofPanchakarma on scientific lines and should be well ordered, practical and cost-effective.Conclusion: The present article outlines the concept behind Panchakarma procedures, the methodology forStandardization and area of research in it.

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