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JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE
Published by Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara
ISSN : 26559080     EISSN : 26858878     DOI : https://doi.org/10.30743/
Core Subject : Humanities, Education, Social,
Humanities Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Social Sciences
Journal of Language (JoL) is an open access and a peer reviewed scientific journal covering research reports in linguistics, literature or language teaching, and critical evaluations of books on the related areas published by Faculty of Literature, Islamic University of North Sumatra (UISU), Medan, Indonesia. The main objective of JoL is to provide a platform for scholars, academicians and researchers to share the contemporary thoughts mainly in the fields of language, literature, and language teaching. This journal is published twice a year in May and November.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Sastra dan Teori Sastra
Articles 247 Documents
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THE PROTAGONIST’S IMPROPER BEHAVIOR IN TETSUKO KUROYANAGI’S TOTTO-CHAN: THE GIRL AT THE WINDOW Mahbubah, Umi Syahara; Sahri, Zulfan
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 7, No 2: November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v7i2.12001

Abstract

This research aims at uncovering the kinds of improper behavior performed by the protagonist character in the novel “The Girls at the Window” written by Tetsuko Kuroyanagi. This study explores the types and causes of improper behaviors exhibited by the protagonist in Tetsuko Kuroyanagi’s novel, Totto-Chan: The Girl at the Window. Using a qualitative descriptive method, the study identifies behaviors such as classroom disruption, damage to school property, and dishonesty toward parents. He is making a mess in the classroom, damaging school facilities and lying to parents. This research uses qualitative descriptive method. Under qualitative descriptive, this research completes its analysis process and findings by describing and illustrating the data that has been collected. It is by explaining the improper behavior and examples of bad behavior of the protagonist from the data collected from the novel in the forms of quotation. The results of this research are to find out what bad behavior the protagonist does, and the reasons why the protagonist does it.
NARRATING LOCAL WISDOM IN ANDREA HIRATA’S GURU AINI: A CULTURAL STUDY THROUGH THE SOCIOLOGY OF LITERATURE AND INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE THEORY Asriani, Asriani; Manugeren, M
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 7, No 2: November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v7i2.12256

Abstract

This study explores local wisdom in Andrea Hirata’s novel Guru Aini using a qualitative descriptive method supported by the Sociology of Literature approach and Indigenous Knowledge Theory. The research focuses on identifying and analyzing five core values of Indonesian local wisdom portrayed in the novel: mutual cooperation (gotong royong), respect for elders, simple lifestyle, love for family, and preservation of cultural traditions. These values are explored through the characters, setting, plot, and dialogue, all of which reflect the socio-cultural life of the Belitung community. The primary data source is the 2020 edition of Guru Aini, complemented by scholarly references from previous studies. The findings clearly show that all five values of local wisdom are consistently and meaningfully present throughout the novel. Each value is embedded not only in the actions and attitudes of the characters but also in the social interactions and traditions depicted in the narrative. Thus, the novel serves both as a literary text and a cultural repository, offering insight into Indonesia’s traditional knowledge systems. This research concludes that literature, particularly novels like Guru Aini, can be a powerful medium for preserving cultural identity and transmitting ethical values. The findings demonstrate that Guru Aini portrays five values of Indonesian local wisdom through narrative structure and characterization, reinforcing literature’s role as a cultural repository and educational tool for character development.
GUILT IN JEFF ZENTNER’S NOVEL GOODBYE DAYS Caniago, Desriani; Suhadi, Muhammad Fatih
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 7, No 2: November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v7i2.12030

Abstract

This study presents a psychological analysis of guilt and the journey toward self-redemption as depicted in Jeff Zentner's novel, Goodbye Days. Employing a qualitative descriptive method, the research meticulously examines the psychological turmoil of the protagonist, Carver Briggs, who is consumed by guilt after a tragic accident claims the lives of his three best friends—an accident he believes he caused by sending a text message. The analysis is framed within Bruce Narramore's theoretical framework on guilt, exploring its objective and subjective categories, including fear of punishment, loss of self-esteem, and feelings of isolation. The findings reveal the profound manifestations of Carver's guilt, which materialize through somatic complaints such as panic attacks, a depressed mood, self-condemnation, and acts of self-punishment. The study concludes that Zentner’s narrative portrays guilt not merely as a destructive force but as a complex and transformative psychological process. Ultimately, the novel illustrates that the path to recovery and self-forgiveness is arduous, requiring the individual to confront their pain and make peace with themselves before achieving redemption.
PRESUPPOSITIONS IN JOSEPHINE’S UTTERANCES IN LOUISA MAY ALCOTT’S LITTLE WOMEN Lubis, Sazidah; Suhadi, Jumino; Ezir, Ely
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 7, No 2: November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v7i2.12257

Abstract

This research explores the use of presuppositions by Josephine March, the main character in Little Women, a novel written by Louisa May Alcott. The objectives of this study are to describe the types of presuppositions employed by Josephine and to interpret the implied meanings within her utterances throughout the novel. This study adopts a descriptive qualitative method and applies George Yule’s classification of presuppositions, which includes six types: existential, factive, lexical, structural, non-factive, and counterfactual. The data were collected from selected dialogues spoken by Josephine in the novel. All six types of presuppositions were identified, with the following distribution: existential (29%), factive (23%), lexical (14%), structural (17%), non-factive (8.5%), and counterfactual (8.5%). The findings indicate that existential and factive presuppositions are the most frequently used, reflecting Josephine’s dynamic environment, strong personality, emotional depth, and complex relationships with others. Her language reveals her values, inner conflicts, and character development. This study demonstrates that presuppositions play a vital role in literary character portrayal and deepen the reader’s understanding of the narrative. The implied meanings within Josephine’s utterances are interpreted through contextual analysis, as context is a crucial element in pragmatic studies. The conversational context in Little Women is analyzed based on four key factors: (1) participants, (2) setting or social context, (3) topic of conversation, and (4) function of the interaction.
THE EFFORTS TO SURVIVE IN RACHAEL LIPPINCOTT’S NOVEL FIVE FEET APART Chairunnisa, Dita; Asnani, Asnani
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 7, No 2: November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v7i2.12004

Abstract

This study analyzed the protagonist’s survival efforts and their psychological impacts in Rachael Lippincott’s Five Feet Apart. Using a qualitative descriptive method, the research identified five key forms of survival efforts—therapy, yoga, medication, digital self-expression, and surgery—and their impacts on resilience and recovery. This study adopts qualitative method to acquire and describe the data about the main character’s efforts to survive. The discussion is divided into two topics concerned to the aspects of the analysis. The first is focused on efforts to survive of the main character then the second is about the impacts of efforts to survive of the main character. There are five efforts to survive in the novel. They are: doing therapy, doing yoga, taking medicine, creating a YouTube account, and doing surgery; The impact of effort to survive are: to relieve her breathing naturally, to increase endurance and make recovery faster and to have a good life expectancy
INTEGRATING LOCAL WISDOM AND CHARACTER VALUES IN DIGITAL MATERIALS FOR RECEPTIVE ORAL LANGUAGE SKILLS Natalia, Christine Helena; Siregar, Tiarnita Maria Sarjani Br.; Pulungan, Anni Holila; Khairina, Yuni; Batubara, Khairunnisa Br.
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 7, No 2: November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v7i2.12262

Abstract

This study aimed to develop digital learning materials that integrate local wisdom and character education for the Receptive Oral Language Skills course in the English Education Study Program at Universitas Negeri Medan. Using a Research and Development (R&D) model, the study followed several stages: preliminary study, needs analysis, material design, expert validation, revision, and final product development. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and expert evaluation forms, and analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively to assess the materials’ quality and feasibility. The developed digital materials were designed to enhance students’ receptive oral skills while embedding character values and local cultural elements from North Sumatra. Expert validation, conducted by specialists in English education, instructional media, and local culture, evaluated linguistic quality, learning process, content integration, and digital design. The results showed an overall score of 91.75%, categorized as “very good.” The final product is a set of digital learning materials that combine cultural relevance, character education, and interactive features to support meaningful learning in Receptive Oral Language Skills. The findings imply that integrating local wisdom and character values into digital learning resources can not only enhance language comprehension but also foster students’ cultural awareness, moral development, and appreciation of local identity. This approach offers a model for culturally responsive and value-oriented language instruction in higher education.
AN ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH SUFFIXES IN TIME MAGAZINE’S THE END OF CASH Alifia, Nasha; Hariani, Safitri
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 7, No 2: November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v7i2.12031

Abstract

This study examines derivational and inflectional suffixes in Time Magazine’s article The End of Cash. Using a descriptive qualitative approach based on Sugiyono (2013) and Fromkin, Rodman, & Hyams (2010), the analysis identifies the types and frequencies of English suffixes in the text. The findings reveal 94 occurrences: 66 inflectional and 28 derivational suffixes. The most frequent inflectional suffixes are the plural -s and the progressive -ing, while the most common derivational processes include verb-to-noun and adjective-to-adverb transformations. Both of these types are the category of inflection which was found each of them as many as 21 words. While the the most frequent type of derivation is verb to noun and adjective to adverb. It was found each of them in 8 words using derivational suffixes -or, -sion, -ally, -or, -y, -ly, -ment, and-ist. The findings reveal 94 occurrences: 66 inflectional and 28 derivational suffixes. The most frequent inflectional suffixes are the plural -s and the progressive -ing, while the most common derivational processes include verb-to-noun and adjective-to-adverb transformations. These findings contribute to morphological studies by demonstrating how affixation operates in journalistic English and how it supports vocabulary development for EFL learners.
CHARACTER AND THE STRUGGLE FOR IVILIZATION IN WILLIAM GOLDING'S LORD OF THE FLIES Miranda, Mai; Wulan, Sri
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 7, No 2: November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v7i2.12272

Abstract

William Golding's Lord of the Flies (1954) presents a profound exploration of human nature under duress, centering on the collapse of social order and the descent into primal savagery. This study employs a descriptive qualitative method to conduct a character analysis of the novel's protagonist, Ralph, focusing on the intrinsic qualities that define his struggle for survival and the preservation of civilization. Through a close reading of the text, this paper identifies and examines four cardinal traits—leadership, charisma, organizational prowess, and civility—that constitute Ralph's character. The analysis demonstrates that these traits are not merely descriptive but are the fundamental engines of his resistance against the antagonistic force, represented by Jack, which embodies chaos and violence. The findings reveal that Ralph's struggle is multifaceted: it is a physical battle for survival, a psychological fight against despair, and an ideological conflict for the soul of the community. Ultimately, this paper argues that Ralph's characterization serves as Golding's central argument for the fragility of civilization, which must be consciously and courageously upheld through rational principles, democratic leadership, and moral fortitude, even in the face of overwhelming barbarism. His survival is a testament to the resilience of these values.
PATTERNS AND AWARENESS OF CODE-MIXING AMONG INDONESIAN YOUTHS IN AN ENGLISH-SPEAKING COMMUNITY: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC ANALYSIS Alfarras, Riziq Prio; Siwi, Purwanto
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 7, No 2: November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v7i2.12006

Abstract

This qualitative study investigates the patterns and underlying factors of code-mixing (CM) among Indonesian youths in Aaron's English-Speaking Club, a community dedicated to practicing English in Medan, Indonesia. Employing a grounded theory approach by Charmaz (2016), the research involved in-depth interviews with ten club members, selected via probability sampling. The conversations were analyzed to quantify the frequency of CM (the insertion of Indonesian words into English discourse) and to identify the sociolinguistic factors influencing this phenomenon using the framework of Holmes (1992). Findings reveal that all participants engaged in CM, with percentages ranging from 0.52% to 24.34% of their total words. The analysis indicates that CM is not an indicator of low proficiency but a strategic, communicative resource. Key factors influencing CM included occupation, cultural attitude, and regional background. Notably, participants were initially unaware of the linguistic concepts of CM and code-switching (CS), but upon explanation, all identified more strongly with CM than CS in their typical language use. The study concludes that CM is a natural and prevalent feature of bilingual communication among these youths, reflecting their dynamic linguistic identity and the specific social context of their English practice community. It recommends increased metalinguistic awareness to empower speakers in their bilingual journey.
INTEGRATING DUOLINGO ENGLISH TEST (FREE PRACTICE) IN EFL SPEAKING INSTRUCTION: A QUASI-EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AT UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MEDAN Tumanggor, Edward Johannes; Annisa, Puan Suri Mira; Syahputri, T. Mira; Br. Bangun, Emia Ninta; Arsita, Dwi Mas; Tambunan, Anastasya Bela Pertiwi
JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE Vol 7, No 2: November 2025
Publisher : Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30743/jol.v7i2.12278

Abstract

English speaking ability, a primary competency for English Education students, is often hindered by limited practice, lack of confidence, and minimal independent learning media. This study investigates the effectiveness of the Duolingo English Test (Free Practice) platform as a digital learning medium within the Receptive Oral Language Skills course to enhance students' English speaking abilities. This study uses a quantitative approach with a one-group quasi-experimental design, involving a pre-test and post-test to measure improvement before and after the intervention. The intervention consisted of routine practice using the Duolingo platform and supplementary materials from the "Teacher Luke" YouTube channel. Quantitative data from test scores were analyzed using a paired sample t-test, while qualitative data from questionnaires were used to explore student perceptions. The results of this study are expected to provide an effective, flexible learning solution suited for students in the digital era. The conclusion indicates that the strategic use of digital media like the Duolingo English Test can be encouraged in speaking skills instruction at the university level.

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