Diversity: Disease Preventive of Research Integrity
Diversity: Disease Preventive of Research Integrity focuses to attract, review, and publish high-quality original research that contributes to advancing public health science and using it as an important means to improve health quality worldwide. This journal is committed to tackling the most pressing issues across all aspects of public health. We have a strong commitment to publish research articles that explore the topic from a broad array of academic disciplines, methodologies, and public health perspectives. Diversity: Disease Preventive of Research Integrity receives manuscripts encompass a broad range of research scope in public health sciences such as: Epidemiology study. The study includes observation, surveillance, hypothesis‐testing analytic research methods, and experiments. Distribution refers to analysis according to the time, place, and classes of persons affected. Determinants are the physical, biological, social, cultural, and behavioral factors influencing health. Health‐related states or events include diseases and injuries, causes of death, behavior such as the use of tobacco, reactions to preventive or therapeutic regimens, and provision and use of health services. Health nutrition. Subject areas include vitamins and minerals, dietary recommendation, obesity, and weight control, appetite, food intake, and nutritional status, nutritional neurosciences, eating disorders, nutritional toxicities, nutritional immunology, food and nutrition policies and programs, overnutrition, malnutrition, macronutrients, micronutrients, prenatal nutrition, and antioxidants Health promotion and behavior. The core service elements related to health promotion likely prevention of disease, injury, and illness, health education, anticipatory guidance, and parenting skill development, support that builds confidence, and is reassuring for mothers, fathers, and carers; community capacity building. Environmental health. Air quality, biosafety, disaster preparedness and response, climate change and its effects on health, food safety, including in agriculture, transportation, food processing, wholesale and retail distribution and sale, health Housing, liquid waste disposal, including city wastewater treatment plants and on-site wastewater disposals systems, such as septic tank systems and chemical toilets, medical waste management and disposal, Safe drinking water, solid waste management, toxic chemical exposure whether in consumer products, housing, workplaces, air, water or soil, Vector control, including the control of mosquitoes, rodents, flies, cockroaches and other animals that may transmit pathogens. Health administration and policy. Health service effectiveness, health management, and re-design, evaluation of public health programs or interventions, public health governance and quality, Audit medical and other healthcare services, Public health law and ethics, Public health policy and comparisons, and capacity in public health systems, implementation laws and regulations that secure public health and safety, community/organizational health issues. Occupational health and safety. Protection the safety of employees, contractors, students, and visitors, accidents and occupational hazards; regulations and standards of occupational safety, noise pollution control, industrial hygiene, radiological health, nutrition worker, protection from illness resulting from the materials, processes, or procedures used in the workplace, hazardous materials management.
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Harnessing the power of lemon (Citrus limon) for hypertension: A systematic review of clinical evidence
Jayadi, Yusma Indah;
Sulaeman, Ahmad;
Palupi, Eny;
Dewi, Mira;
Hardinsyah, Hardinsyah
Diversity: Disease Preventive of Research Integrity Volume 6, Issue 2, February 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat UIN Alauddin Makassar
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DOI: 10.24252/diversity.v6i2.62425
Hypertension prevalence and its cardiometabolic complications continue to rise, yet evidence syntheses have not clearly mapped how lemon (Citrus limon) intervention form, dose, and duration relate to blood pressure and biomarker responses, limiting translation into practical dietary guidance. This PRISMA 2020 systematic review synthesized evidence on lemon interventions for systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) and biomarkers in hypertensive or elevated-blood-pressure populations. Searches of Scopus and PubMed, supplemented by ScienceDirect, relevant platforms, and Google Scholar, were conducted in December 2024–January 2025. Randomized controlled trials of lemon juice, extracts, peel preparations, or essential-oil aromatherapy versus placebo/usual care/other citrus/no intervention were eligible; multi-ingredient regimens containing lemon were extracted but interpreted separately. Screening and extraction used Rayyan, and quality was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) domains. Thirteen studies met criteria; heterogeneity in formulations, dosing, and outcome reporting precluded meta-analysis, so narrative synthesis was applied. Fresh lemon juice and lemon extracts showed the consistent SBP/DBP reductions, especially with higher doses and durations ≥2–4 weeks, whereas short-term or low-dose regimens more often yielded null results; aromatherapy and peel-powder capsules showed mixed effects. Certainty was limited to moderate due to risk of bias and diversity of interventions. Lemon may be considered a dietary adjunct in lifestyle management, not a replacement for antihypertensive therapy, and may be communicated through halalan thayyiban self-care framing.
Family conflict and digital risk as determinants of adolescent violence victimization: A cross-sectional study in Depok, Indonesia
Herbawani, Chahya Kharin;
Karima, Ulya Qoulan;
Agustanti, Rosalia Dika;
Ramadhanti, Ismaya;
Fitri, Asti Elysia Rahmatul;
Riyanti, Febilla Dwinanda
Diversity: Disease Preventive of Research Integrity Volume 6, Issue 2, February 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat UIN Alauddin Makassar
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DOI: 10.24252/diversity.v6i2.61845
Adolescence is increasingly recognized as a period of heightened vulnerability to violence victimization due to rapid bio-psychosocial transitions; however, evidence from Indonesian urban settings remains limited in disentangling family and digital determinants. This study aimed to identify factors associated with adolescent violence in Depok City. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from July to September 2025 among adolescents aged <24 years using self-administered questionnaires distributed via social media with accidental sampling, with 84.2% of respondents female. Associations were examined using Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression to control for confounders. The prevalence of adolescent violence was 60.8%, with verbal violence (68.8%) and online violence (47.9%) as the most commonly reported types; perpetrators were most frequently strangers (49.0%) and peers (46.9%). High family conflict was strongly associated with violence victimization (AOR = 8.41; 95% CI: 3.74–18.90; p < 0.001), while high negative social media exposure also increased the odds (AOR = 3.41; 95% CI: 1.53–7.61; p = 0.003), and parenting style functioned as a confounding factor. These findings highlight the need for family-centered prevention emphasizing counseling, positive parenting, and structured parent–adolescent communication, alongside digital literacy to reduce online harm. Integrating islamic values, such as rahmah (compassion), sabr (self-restraint), and islah (reconciliation), may strengthen non-violent communication and emotional support within families and community or faith-based youth programs, thereby contributing to adolescent psychosocial well-being and violence prevention as a public health priority.
Family caregivers’ experiences of caring for COVID-19 infected relatives at home: A qualitative study in Shiselweni, Eswatini
Masilela, Thamsanqa G.;
Nhlabatsi, Thulani Ricardo
Diversity: Disease Preventive of Research Integrity Volume 6, Issue 2, February 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat UIN Alauddin Makassar
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DOI: 10.24252/diversity.v6i2.62304
The emerging literature on COVID-19 has increasingly recognized families as essential care units, yet limited evidence documents how untrained family caregivers experienced home-based care during acute infection in low-resource settings, and how culturally grounded values may inform caregiver support. This study aimed to describe the lived experiences of family caregivers of COVID-19 patients in the Shiselweni region of Eswatini. A qualitative descriptive phenomenological design was employed among ten purposively selected family caregivers, with the final sample size determined by data saturation. Data were collected through in-depth face-to-face, audio-recorded interviews using a pre-tested SiSwati semi-structured interview guide, then analyzed thematically following Colaizzi’s descriptive method. Trustworthiness was strengthened through forward–backward translation and dual coding, and the study adhered to relevant ethical principles. Five themes emerged: (1) emotional and psychological responses to COVID-19 infection, (2) family challenges brought by COVID-19, (3) family support resources, (4) coping with the challenges of COVID-19, and (5) family-perceived caregiving support needs. Findings indicate that caregivers faced substantial emotional and psychological burdens amid fear of infection, limited competence, and inadequate protective equipment. Public health responses should prioritize home-care packages that combine caregiver training, provision of personal protective equipment, and accessible consultation channels; these can be strengthened through islamic ethical principles of rahmah (compassion), amanah (responsibility), and mutual support to protect caregiver wellbeing and family resilience
Macronutrient and micronutrient intake in stunted children: The role of household food insecurity
Purwanti, Rachma;
Arfinanda, Najwa Diva Khoirunnisa';
Laura, Cicilia;
Susilo, Mursid Tri;
Syauqy, Ahmad;
Noer, Etika Ratna;
Wijayanti, Lilis
Diversity: Disease Preventive of Research Integrity Volume 6, Issue 2, February 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat UIN Alauddin Makassar
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DOI: 10.24252/diversity.v6i2.62697
Insufficient nutrient intake remains a persistent determinant of child stunting, yet evidence mapping macro–micronutrient intake against household food insecurity in Indonesian urban settings is limited. This study addresses this gap by correlating nutrient intake with HFIAS scores among stunted children in Semarang. This cross-sectional study included 82 stunted children in Semarang, Indonesia. Household food insecurity was assessed using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), while macronutrient and micronutrient intakes were estimated using a Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Data normality informed the use of Pearson or Spearman correlation tests for bivariate analysis. Overall, 61% of households were classified as food-insecure, and most children exhibited inadequate carbohydrate intake and deficiencies in vitamin A and vitamin C. HFIAS scores were significantly correlated with carbohydrate intake (p=0.006; r=0.300) and iron intake (p=0.033; r=0.235), indicating higher food security was associated with higher intake, while no significant correlations were observed for energy, protein, fat, calcium, zinc, vitamin C, vitamin A, or vitamin B12. These findings support integrated family-based interventions combining supplementary feeding (PMT) with strategies to strengthen household food access and affordability. Programmatically, embedding Islamic values, such as amanah (shared responsibility for child wellbeing), halal–tayyib dietary guidance, and community solidarity through zakat/infaq based support that may enhance sustainable family nutrition and food security in urban contexts.
Aseptic technique training and infection-risk reduction practices among healthcare workers: A quasi-experimental study in Kwara State, Nigeria
Isiaq, Abdulmuhit Temitope;
Akorede, Seun Nurudeen;
Biu, Adamu Abdulkareem;
Sanusi, Muhammad
Diversity: Disease Preventive of Research Integrity Volume 6, Issue 2, February 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat UIN Alauddin Makassar
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DOI: 10.24252/diversity.v6i2.63575
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) remain a persistent burden in resource-limited health systems, yet evidence on structured, sustained aseptic technique education for healthcare workers (HCWs) in Nigerian tertiary hospitals is still limited. This study aimed to determine the effect of a six-week aseptic technique training on HCWs’ work-related infection-risk reduction practices in tertiary hospitals in Kwara State, Nigeria. A quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design with experimental and control groups was used. Seventy (70) nurses and medical laboratory scientists were recruited from two tertiary hospitals, which were randomly assigned to intervention or control sites using a fishbowl technique. Data were collected using a researcher-developed questionnaire rated on a Likert scale with high internal consistency (α = 0.895). The experimental group received a six-week aseptic technique education programme, while the control group received no intervention. Paired and independent samples t-tests were applied. Findings indicated a significant improvement in the experimental group’s practices (pre-test mean = 2.47, post-test mean = 3.68; t = 27.96, p < 0.001; Cohen’s d = 4.73), and a significant post-test difference between experimental (mean = 3.68) and control groups (mean = 2.41; t = 23.90, p < 0.001; Cohen’s d = 5.70). These results support institutionalising mandatory, practical, and reinforced training within Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) policies, aligned with family health protection and Islamic ethical values of cleanliness, harm prevention, and communal responsibility, to sustain safer care and reduce infection risks.
Container-specific pupal productivity for household dengue vector control: A cross-sectional entomological survey in Antang, Makassar, Indonesia
La Ane, Ruslan;
Amboi, Wahyulan;
Ibrahim, Erniwati;
Susilawaty, Andi
Diversity: Disease Preventive of Research Integrity Volume 6, Issue 2, February 2026
Publisher : Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat UIN Alauddin Makassar
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DOI: 10.24252/diversity.v6i2.66072
Recent urban dengue programs increasingly move beyond larval indices, yet many interventions still underuse container-specific pupal productivity to prioritize household breeding habitats. This study quantified which domestic containers contribute most to Aedes aegypti pupal output in Antang Village, Makassar, to guide targeted and cost-effective dengue vector control at the family level. A cross-sectional entomological survey was conducted in 100 households selected through proportional multistage sampling. All indoor and outdoor water-holding containers were counted and inspected; larvae and pupae were collected, reared for species confirmation, and analyzed using standard entomological indices and container-specific pupal contributions. Of 724 containers examined, 87 (12%) were larva-positive and 72 (10%) were pupa-positive. The House Index was 43%, the Container Index 12%, and the Breteau Index 87, indicating substantial transmission potential. Pupal production was highly concentrated: buckets (39.92% of containers) accounted for 61.11% of pupae, and bath tanks (6.63%) contributed 18.06%, whereas flowerpots/vases were common (38.26%) but produced only 11.11% of pupae; other container types each contributed ≤4.17%. These findings suggest that stable, longer-retention water habitats disproportionately support development to the pupal stage and likely adult emergence. Targeting household actions to buckets and bath tanks—covering, routine draining and scrubbing, improving water-storage practices, and using larvicide only when emptying is not feasible—should deliver the greatest reduction in adult vectors per unit effort while aligning with Islamic family health values emphasizing cleanliness (ṭahārah), prevention of harm, and shared responsibility.