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Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan

sodality
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Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor

ISSN : 23027517 EISSN : 23027525 DOI : -

Core Subject : Humanities, Art, Social,

Arts Humanities Environmental Science Social Sciences

Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan is a scientific journal, focused on Rural Sociological which refers to the key terminology of "Sodality" where the dynamics of the local structures (village/rural) and extra-local has created spaces of social disharmony, thus require the analysis and synthesis of multidisciplinary science to explain empirical facts dimensions of socio-economic-ecological in village/rural.

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Articles 412 Documents

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Local Wisdom of the Community in Handling Mental Retardation People ( A Case Study of “Kampung Idiot” in Sidoharjo Village, Jambon District, Ponorogo Regency) Hanif, Muhammad
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 4 No. 3 (2016): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

ABSTRACTSidoharjo village, in Jambon is one of villages in Ponorogo Regency, called as ‘Kampong Idiot’, since there are many villagers having mental retardation. They also have many disabilities, as a matter of fact they can survive and live quite longer. It certainly happens in accordance with the local wisdom of other villagers, the normal people who live in their surrounding. The research, therefore, aims to analyze and describe local wisdom of the community “Kampung Idiot” Sidoharjo Jambon Ponorogo in handling mental retardation people of Kampung Idiot in Sidoharjo village, Jambon district, Ponorogo regency. The research used descriptive-qualitative. The informants comprised of village officers, socialite, religion leader, youth and all family members of mental retardation people. Data were collected by using in-depth interview, observation, and documentation. Source triangulation was excuted in an effort to validate data and then the data were analyzed by using Strauss and Corbin’s Coding model.The local wisdom of Sidoharjo community in handling mental retardation people is a result of relationship among the people in the community, the people and their God, and the people and nature in their surrounding. The local wisdom can be seen from the community’s attitudeaccepting mental retardation people as the parts of the community and they are willing to help the mental retardation people do their personal, household and social activities. The local wisdom of the community seems to happen for (1) a belief in the existence of the mental retardation people is tribulation sent by God, providing deep meaning and boon that need to be faced, (2) they are social ethics and responsible moral for the social environment, (3) the norms include advices, prohibition, punishment, and wise words about life.Keywords: local wisdom, attitude, mental retardation peopleABSTRAKDesa Sidoharjo Jambon merupakan salah satu kampung di Kabupaten Ponorogo yang disebut “kampung idiot” karena banyak warganya yang mengalami retardasi mental. Warga retardasi mental di kampung ini memiliki banyak keterbatasan namun dapat melangsungkan hidupnya dalam kurun waktu yang relatif lama. Hal itu tentunya terkait dengan sikap arif warga masyarakat di lingkungan sekitarnya. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan kearifan lokal masyarakat Sidoharjo dalam menyikapi warga retardasi mental di “kampung idiot” Sidoharjo Jambon. Penelitian ini mengunakan pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif. Informan terdiri dari pejabat pemerintah desa, tokoh; masyarakat, agama, dan pemuda, serta keluarga warga retardasi mental. Pengambilan datanya menggunakan wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan pencatan dokumen. Validasi data dengan triangulasi sumber dan analisis datanya dengan model coding Strauss dan Corbin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kearifan lokal masyakat dalam menyikapi warga retardasi mental merupakan hasil dari relasionalitas diantara warga masyarakat, masyarakat dengan Tuhan dan alam. Masyarakat menerima warga retardasi mental sebagai bagian dari dirinya dan berusaha membantunya agar mampu menjalankan aktivitas pribadi, keluarga, dan sosial. Kearifan lokal masyarakat tersebut dipredisposisi oleh; (1) keyakinan bahwa warga retardasi mental merupakan ujian Tuhan yang harus disikapi karena mengandung arti serta hikmah, (2) etika sosial dan tanggungjawab secara moral terhadap lingkungan sosial, (3) norma-norma yang berupa anjuran-anjuran, larangan-larangan, sanksi, dan ungkapan kebijaksanaan akan kehidupan.Kata kunci: kearifan lokal, sikap, warga retardasi mental

The Expansion of Palm Oil Plantation and Changes of Rural Social Ecology Hidayah, Nursantri; Dharmawan, Arya Hadi; Barus, Baba
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 4 No. 3 (2016): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

ABSTRACTThe biggest threat to Indonesian forest is the rise of new palm oil plantation. Indonesia ranked the top by the quantity and rate of expansion of oil palm cultivation. Riau ranked first with a contribution of 29 percent of the total national production of palm oil. The rate of expansion of oil palm plantations such as by land use change forest area, land of community, and farmland. Demand for land to the expansion of oil palm plantations in Riau Province continues to increase is so that has triggered high rates of conversion of land into oil palm plantations, this expansion HAS ALSO led to a conservation area. Many cases of illegal land conversion is done as occurs in protected areas and conservation. Tesso Nilo National Park is one of the National Park in Riau province precisely in Pelalawan and Indragiri Hulu does not escape from the activity of land conversion for oil palm plantations. Oil palm expansion has led to various effects such as changes in the landscape, the relocation of land and natural resources, changing economic and social. This research was conducted with the aim of identifying changes in land use landscape surrounding Tesso Nilo National Park, the changes livelihoods of local communities and the vulnerability of farm Households. Studies conducted in the village conservation area affected by oil palm expansion. Data were Analyzed descriptively by using spatial analysis and livelihood systems. From the results of the research Noted that oil palm expansion in Tesso Nilo has the caused massive degraded forests, forest cover is left now only about 20 percent. The pattern of the community living around the area turn out to be are relatively homogeneous with one source of income is from oil palm plantations. This causes people to be vulnerable to a crisis when palm oil prices declined. The high food consumption from the dependent communities will complicate the supply from outside the community when revenues decline. For the sustainability of the region need more intensive management area so that the destruction of the forests as a result of actions of this expansion can be overcome and potential conflicts between the oil palm and food crops in the future must be anticipated so there is no economic vulnerability of farm households.Keywords: ecology landscape changes, expansion of oil palm, livelihood systemsABSTRAKAncaman terbesar terhadap hutan Indonesia adalah maraknya pembukaan perkebunan kelapa sawit baru. Indonesia menduduki peringkat teratas berdasarkan kuantitas perluasan perkebunan dan laju penanaman kelapa sawit. Riau berada di peringkat pertama dengan kontribusi sebesar 29 persen terhadap total produksi minyak sawit nasional.Laju perluasan perkebunan kelapa sawit diantaranya dengan jalan mengalihfungsikan kawasan hutan, kebun rakyat, dan lahan pertanian. Permintaan lahan untuk ekspansi perkebunan sawit di Provinsi Riau terus meningkat sehingga telah memicu tingginya angka konversi lahan menjadi perkebunan kelapa sawit, ekspansi ini juga sudah mengarah ke kawasan konservasi. Banyak kasus konversi lahan dilakukan secara illegal seperti yang terjadi pada kawasan lindung dan konservasi. Taman Nasional Tesso Nilo (TNTN) adalah salah satu Taman Nasional di Provinsi Riau tepatnya di Kabupaten Pelalawan dan Kabupaten Indragiri Hulu yang tidak luput dari aktivitas konversi lahan untuk perkebunan kelapa sawit. Ekspansi kelapa sawit telah menimbulkan berbagai dampak seperti terjadinya perubahan bentang alam, relokasi tanah dan sumber daya alam, perubahan ekonomi dan perubahan sosial. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengidentifikasi perubahan penggunaan lahan disekitar lanskap Taman Nasional Tesso Nilo, perubahan sistem naflah masyarakat lokal dan kerentanan rumah tangga petani. Studi dilakukan di desa sekitar kawasan konservasi yang terkena dampak ekspansi kelapa sawit. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan menggunakan analisis spasial dan analisis sistem penghidupan. Dari hasil penelitan diketahui bahwa ekspansi kelapa sawit di sekitar Taman Nasional Tesso Nilo telah menyebabkan hutan terdegradasi secara masif, tutupan hutan yang tersisa saat ini hanya sekitar 20 persen. Pola nafkah masyarakat sekitar kawasan berubah menjadi cenderung homogen dengan satu sumber nafkah yaitu dari perkebunan kelapa sawit. Ini menyebabkan masyarakat menjadi rentan terhadap krisis ketika harga kelapa sawit menurun. Tingginya konsumsi pangan masyarakat yang tergantung pasokan dari luar akan menyulitkan masyarakat ketika pendapatan mengalami penurunan.Bagi keberlanjutan pengembangan wilayah perlunya pengelolaan kawasan yang lebih intensif sehingga kerusakan hutan akibat tindakan ekspansi ini bisa diatasi dan potensi konflik antara pihak perkebunan kelapa sawit dan pertanian tanaman pangan kedepan harus diantisipasi sehingga tidak terjadi kerentanan ekonomi rumah tangga petani.Kata kunci: perubahan lanskap ekologi, ekspansi kelapa sawit, sistem penghidupan

The Dynamics of Sasi in Kaimana: the Institutional Change over Traditional Marine Resource Management Patriana, Ratna; Adiwibowo, Soeryo; A. Kinseng, Rilus; Satria, Arif
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 4 No. 3 (2016): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

ABSTRACTSasi, as a regime of common (pool) resource management, has long been trusted as one of the most efficient traditional practices in maintaining the sustainability of resources in coastal areas. However, the practice of Sasiwas highly influenced by adat, customary laws set by feudal system that have been replaced by the modern state. This research intended toexamine (1) how the practice of Sasi has changed along with the ecological, social, and economic changes that happened within the society, and (2) what was the impact of this change to the mechanism of the distribution of wealth within the localcommunity. Field research was conducted inthe Kaimana District, West Papua Province,from November - December 2015, using qualitative methods and progressive contextualization strategy.The results indicated that the economic changes were the main driving factor of the dynamic of Sasi in Kaimana. The commercialization of Sasi by village elites hasreplaced this tradition of marine conservation and its orientation with the mechanism ofsurplus accummulation. It degraded the social security mechanism, affectedthe income of the community in general,and developed intimate exclusionsof the sub-ordinate groups,includingwomen.Keywords: coastal resource, social change, social security, intimate exclusion.ABSTRAKSasi, sebagai suatu rezim pengelolaan sumberdaya alam milik bersama, telah lama dipercaya sebagai salah satu praktek tradisional yang efisien dalam memelihara kelestarian sumberdaya di wilayah laut. Namun demikian, praktek Sasi ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh adat yang didirikan oleh sistem feodal, suatu sistem yang kini telah digantikan oleh pemerintahan modern. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan (1) bagaimana praktek Sasi telah berubah sejalan dengan perubahan ekologi, sosial dan ekonomi yang terjadi di masyarakat, dan (2) bagaimana dampak perubahan tersebut terhadap mekanisme distribusi kemakmuran di dalam komunitas. Studi lapangan dilakukan pada November – Desember 2016 di Kabupaten Kaimana, Papua Barat, dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan strategi penelitian progressive contextualization. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan ekonomi adalah yang paling berpengaruh terhadap dinamika Sasi di Kaimana. Komersialisasi Sasi oleh elit desa telah menggeser tradisi konservasi laut serta orientasinya dengan mekanisme akumulasi surplus bagi rumah tangga. Hal ini menyebabkan tergedradasinya mekanisme jaminan sosial masyarakat secara umum, dan menimbulkan intimate exclusion terhadap kelompok sub-ordinat, termasuk perempuan.Kata kunci: sumberdaya laut, perubahan sosial, jaminan sosial, eksklusi karib.

The Impact of Zoning and Whale Shark Attraction Tourism Toward Kwatisore Community Rahayu, Rehastidya; Adiwibowo, Soeryo; Satria, Arif
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 4 No. 3 (2016): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

ABSTRACTThe establishment of a conservation area, especially the area became a national park is not without a problem. Many research has been done in the area of conservation with the result of people who have long lived in the conservation area be marginalized mainly due to the zoning applied to conservation and tourism. Therefore, this study is intended to explore the impact of zoning and tourism to the marginalization of people living in the national park. This research was conducted in Cenderawasih Bay National Park, especially located in the Kwatisore Village, Nabire District of Papua Province. The method used is qualitative method with data collection technique through in-depth interviews. The research finds, first, zoning do not disturb Kwatisore community access toward resources. Second, tourism gained additional income for the local community by selling souvenir, renting boat, and ritual ceremony for tourist attraction. Third, floating capture fisheries and floating net cage changes fisheries technology and gain additional income. So it can be concluded that zoning, and tourism are not marginalized the Kwatisore community.Keywords: conservation, zoning, tourism, marginalization, community KwatisoreABSTRAKPembentukan kawasan konservasi, khususnya kawasan yang ditetapkan menjadi taman nasional bukanlah tanpa masalah. Banyak penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa pembentukan suatu kawasan menjadi taman nasional berdampak pada terjadinya marginalisasi terhadap masyarakat terutama masyarakat yang telah lama bermukim di kawasan konservasi karena penetapan zonasi dan pariwisata. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis lebih jauh dampak dari zonasi dan pariwisata terhadap marginalisasi masyarakat yang telah bermukim lama di dalam taman nasional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Taman Nasional Teluk Cenderawasih khususnya di Kampung Kwatisore, Kabupaten Nabire, Provinsi Papua. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pertama, implementasi zonasi di kawasan Perairan Kwatisore tidak mempengaruhi akses komunitas Kwatisore terhadap sumber daya alam. Kedua, adanya pariwisata memberikan penghasilan tambahan terhadap komunitas Kwatisore. Tambahan penghasilan berasal dari penjualan souvenir, penyewaan perahu, dan pengadaan upacara adat penyambutan tamu. Ketiga, dilapangan juga ditemukan bahwa keberadaan bagan dan Keramba Jaring Apung (KJA) memberikan perubahan terhadap teknologi penangkapan sekaligus juga memberikan tambahan pendapatan bagi komunitas Kwatisore. Jadi implementasi zonasi, keberadaan pariwisata, bagan dan KJA tidak menyebabkan terjadinya marginalisasi terhadap komunitas Kwatisore.Kata kunci: konservasi, zonasi, pariwisata, marginalisasi, komunitas Kwatisore

Impact of Gold Mining on Farmers’ Livelihood in Bombana Rahma Ma’mun, Sitti
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 4 No. 3 (2016): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

ABSTRACTThis study was aimed to analyze the impact of gold mining on livelihoods of farmers in rural area of Bombana District. The research used sustainable livelihoods approach which focus on vulnerability context faced by farmers around gold mine site and ownership of and access to capital assets which were influenced by mining activity, which in the end lead to increasing or decreasing livelihood outcome of farmers in the area. The study was done in three villages around the gold mine site. Data was gathered through combination of quantitative and qualitative method using sample survey, in-depth interview and focus group discussion. The result showed that there was declining on rice production due to decreasing of farm land and land degradation as a result of draught season that affected the area. Watu-Watu village was the worst in terms of the loss of natural assets compare to other villages. Policy, institution and process which were represented by government and mining companies have added local communities’ exposure to vulnerability context they already faced. Livelihood diversification was chosen as coping strategy out of livelihood crisis due to the loss of productive assets caused by mining activities.Keywords: gold, mining, farmers, livelihood, BombanaABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisa dampak kegiatan peambangan emas terhadap capaian penghidupan masyarakat di wilayah pedesaan kabupaten BombanA, dengan menggunakan pendekatan penghidupan yang berkelanjutan, yang menekankan pada konteks kerentanan yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat petani di sekitar wilayah penambangan serta pola kepemilikan dan akses terhadap aset-aset penghidupan yang dipengaruhi oleh kegiatan penamanbangan, yang pada gilirannya dapat meningkatkan atau menurunkan kemampuannya dalam memperoleh capaian penghidupan yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini akan dilakukan di tiga desa di loaksi penambangan. Metode penelitian menggabungkan antara metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Metode kualitatif melalui Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), fokus grup diskusi dan wawancara mendalam, dan metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan sample survey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya penurunan produksi pertanian di lokasi penelitian yang disebabkan berkurangnya lahan pertanian dan kerusakan lahan akibat kekeringan yang melanda lokasipenelitian. Desa Watu-Watu merupakan desa yang terparah dalam hal kehilangan aset penghidupan dibandingkan kedua desa lainnya. Keberadaan kebijakan, kelembagaan dan proses yang diwakili oleh pemerintah dan perusahaan penambangan merupakan faktor yang semakin menekan posisi masyarakat setempat dalam konteks kerentanan yang dihadapinya. Upaya masyarakat untuk keluar dari krisis penghidupan akibat berkurang akses terhadap aset penghidupan melahirkan diversifikasi sumber nafkah sebagai bentuk coping strategy, dan tidak semata-mata tergantung pada sektor pertanian, tetapi juga pada sektor non pertanian.Kata kunci: tambang emas, penghidupan, petan, Bombana.

Adaptive capacity of coastal community to food insecurity due to climate change-a case of village in West Java K. Panjaitan, Nurmala; Adriana, Galuh; Virianita, Ratri; Karlita, Nanda; Intan Cahyani, Renita
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 4 No. 3 (2016): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

ABSTRACTClimate change provokes various problems on coastal community’s life such as reduction in the quantity and quality of the catch, sea-water flood, storms, tidal waves, and drought. Many impacts of climate change will not lead to the vulnerability of coastal communities when a community has sufficient adaptive capacity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the adaptive capacity of coastal communities to food insecurity as the impacts of climate change. Mix method approach such as survey, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and observation was applied to collect the data. The unit analysis was community level (n = 100 poor fishery households, beneficiaries of government’s poor rice program). The adaptive capacity of communities to food insecurity is relatively low due to low institutional memory, unable to conduct innovative learning and especially the lack of connectedness with others outside the community. There is no Collective action to cope with food insecurity due to poverty, community’s culture and lack of local leadership.Keywords: Climate change, adaptive capacity, coastal community, food insecurityABSTRAKPerubahan iklim menimbulkan banyak masalah pada kehidupan komunitas pesisir seperti penurunan kualitas dan kuantitas tangkapan, rob, badai, gelombang pasang dan kekeringan. Berbagai dampak perubahan iklim tidak akan menyebabkan kerentanan komunitas pesisir bila komunitas itu mempunya kapasitas adaptasi yang memadai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisa kapasitas adaptasi komunitas nelayan untuk melihat kesiapan komunitas dalam menghadapi kerawanan pangan akibat perubahan iklim. Pendekatan survei, wawancara mendalam, focus group discussion, dan observasi digunaan untuk mengumpulkan data. Unit analisa adalah pada tingkat masyarakat dengan sumber data 100 rumahtangga nelayan miskin yang merupakan penerima program raskin. Kapasitas adaptasi masyarakat terhadap kerawanan pangan tergolong rendah karena rendahnya institutional memory, tidak mampu melakukan innovative learning dan kurangnya connectedness terutama dengan pihak lain di luar komunitas. Aksi kolektif dari komunitas untuk mengatasi kerawanan pangan tidak ada yang disebabkan oleh kemiskinan,budaya komunitas dan kurang berfungsinya kepemimpinan lokal.Kata kunci: Perubahan iklim, kapasitas adaptasi, pantai komunitas, kerawanan pangan

Gender Relation in Tea Plucking Workers: A Case Study of Gender Division of Labour and Gender Relation in Gambung Tea Plantation, West Java Sita, Kralawi; Herawati, Erna
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 5 No. 1 (2017): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

ABSTRACTMen and women’s participation in tea plucking have been divided based on gender and strongly patriarchy-influenced. This division of labor cause a gender relation describes specific case of their relations in tea plantation. This study aims to describe the gender relation among the tea plucking workers at Gambung Tea Plantation, analyzed by qualitative approach, particularly treated as a case study. Data collected by in-depth interviews, observation, focus group discussion, and documentation. It was triangulated and analyzed using Harvard Analytical Framework and Gender Balance Tree in Gender Action Learning System approaches. The result shows that both men and women have equal access employment in plucking tea but their participation divided based on gender and patriarchy-influenced. Women have large participation in manual job description while men dominates on mechanic. Manual labor requires longer working-hour. It cause women have longer on working-hour than men. It is also enhance their burdern, eventhough generally they have double roles. As the consequences, women must work harder on their both roles. However, women’s participation in productive works enable women to generate income that makes them gaining better position within the household, such as a decision maker. It makes them able to access skill capacity.Keywords: gender relation, tea pluckeig worker, tea plantation, Harvard Analytical Framework, Gender Action Learning SystemABSTRAKPartisipasi laki-laki dan perempuan dalam pemetikan teh dibagi berdasarkan gender dan dipengaruhi kuat oleh patriarki. Pembagian kerja ini menimbulkan relasi gender yang menggambarkan kasus tertentu hubungan laki-laki dan perempuan di perkebunan teh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan relasi gender pada kegiatan pemetikan teh di Perkebunan Teh Gambung, dengan pendekatan kualitatif, dalam studi kasus tertentu. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara mendalam, observasi, diskusi grup terpusat, dan dokumentasi. Data ditriangulasi dan dianalisis menggunakan Harvard Analytical Framework dan Gender Balance Tree dalam Gender Action Learning System. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa baik laki-laki dan perempuan mempunyai akses yang sama dalam pemetikan tetapi partisipasi mereka dibagi berdasarkan gender dan dipengaruhi patriarki. Perempuan mempunyai partisipasi besar dalam pemetikan manual sedangkan laki-laki mendominasi mekanisasi mesin petik. Manual membutuhkan waktu yang tinggi yang menyebabkan perempuan mempunyai waktu kerja yang lebih banyak dari laki-laki dan hal ini menambah beban perempuan yang secara general mempunyai beban ganda. Sebagai konsekuensinya, perempuan harus bekerja lebih keras. Namun, partisipasi perempuan dalam pekerjaan produktif memungkinkan perempuan untuk menghasilkan pendapatan yang memberikan perempuan posisi yang lebih baik dalam rumah tangga, seperti kekuasaan dalam pengambilan keputusan dan posisi tawar dalam mengakses peningkatan kapasitas keterampilan.Kata kunci: relasi gender, pemetik teh, perkebunan teh, Harvard Analytical Framework, Gender Action Learning System

Indonesia`s Palm Oil Industrialization: The Resistance of Tanjung Pusaka Villagers, Central Kalimantan Against Palm Oil Industry Wulansari, Ica
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 5 No. 1 (2017): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

ABSTRACTIndonesia`s Palm oil industry is the greatest export commodity in the world. Palm oil industry has been developed since Soeharto`s administration with World Bank`s initiative. Indonesia`s development pattern is modernization which is fully supported by global capitalist agent. Furthermore, the government of Indonesia has issued policies to support this industry and the ease of accessibilty for investor to build in Indonesia. Most of the policies focus on economic interest with lack of attention to social and environmental issues. The paper applies qualitative method to analyze through literature studies and depth interview. As a result, the writer attempt to discuss the relationship of various concepts and theories regards to Resistency, Modernization and The Modern World-System theory. In fact, Indonesia as palm oil producer do not have bargaining power to determine the price due to global politic has structured to limit profit. Meanwhile, Central Kalimantan has the negative impact of environment and society that caused by palm oil industry. Tanjung Pusaka villagers refuse their region to be transform as palm plantation because they believe that their life is better now that being part of plantation. The purpose of this paper is to explain how villagers have capability of resistance for the sake of social life and environmental preservation.Keywords: Palm, Indonesia, industry, policies, Central KalimantanABSTRAKIndustri minyak sawit Indonesia merupakan komoditas ekspor terbesar di dunia saat ini. Industri minyak sawit telah dibangun sejak kepemimpinan Soeharto yang didukung oleh Bank Dunia. Pola pembangunan Indonesia adalah modernisasi yang disokong oleh agen kapitalis global. Lebih lanjut, Pemerintah Indonesia telah mengeluarkan kebijakan untuk mendukung industri minyak sawit dan memberikan kemudahan bagi investor untuk berinvestasi di sektor ini. Kebijakan-kebijakan tersebut hanya fokus terhadap kepentingan ekonomi dan minimnya perhatian terhadap isu sosial dan lingkungan hidup. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk menganalisa melalui studi literatur dan wawancara mendalam. Hasilnya, penulis berusaha mendiskusikan hubungan antara beragam konsep dan teori mengenai Resistensi, Modernisasi dan Teori Sistem Dunia. Faktanya, Indonesia sebagai produsen minyak sawit tidak memiliki kekuatan untuk menentukan harga karena politik global yang telah dibentuk untuk membatasi keuntungan yang didapatkan. Sementara itu, provinsi Kalimantan Tengah mengalami dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan hidup dan sosial yang disebabkan oleh industri minyak sawit. Warga Dusun Tanjung Pusaka menolak wilayahnya dijadikan perkebunan sawit karena mereka yakin hidupnya akan lebih baik dibandingkan menjadi bagian dari perkebunan sawit. Tujuan penulisan ini paper ini untuk menjelaskan bagaimana masyarakat desa mampu melakukan upaya resistensi demi kepentingan sosial dan pelestarian lingkungan hidup.Kata kunci: Sawit, Indonesia, industri, kebijakan, Kalimantan Tengah

Structural Analysis of Food Choice Practices for Children under Five Years Old at Rural Communities West Java W. Prasodjo, Nuraini; K. Pandjaitan,, Nurmala; A. Kinseng, Rilus; Khomsan, Ali
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 5 No. 1 (2017): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

ABSTRACTThe surge in malnutrition prevalence of underweight children under five from 17.9% to 19.6% in the 2007-2013 period, indicates that Indonesia is facing problems in terms of public health. Previous studies showed that the nutritional status and the health of children are concerned with the social practices of their food choices. The purpose of this study is to identify the forms of social structure and analyze the structures that play a role as inhibitors or activators social practices of food choice for children. This study involved 200 people of the main organizer of family food from the two communities in West Java province. Communities chosen have characterized the local community of highland and lowland agriculture. The results show that the structures that play a role as inhibitors or activators social practices of food choice in the highland community are the selection of food supplied from outside the community (structure of domination), income (structure of domination), and access to means of transportation (structure of domination). Meanwhile , at the community of lowland , structural inhibitors and activators social practices of food choice were identified as the food regulation for children who suffer from pain (structure of legitimacy), norms of parenting (structure of legitimacy ), a selection of food supplied from outside the community (structure of domination) and family support (structure of domination).Keywords: social practices, food choices, structureABSTRAKMelonjaknya prevalensi gizi underweight anak balita dari 17.9% menjadi 19.6% pada tahun 2007-2013 menandai Indonesia sedang menghadapi masalah dalam hal kesehatan masyarakat. Penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa status gizi dan kesehatan anak mempunyai kaitan dengan praktik sosial pilihan pangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi bentuk struktur sosial dan menganalisis struktur sosial yang berperan menghambat dan mengaktifkan praktik sosial pilihan pangan untuk anak. Kajian ini melibatkan 200 individu pengelola utama pangan keluarga dari dua komunitas di propinsi Jawa Barat. Komunitas yang dipilih mencirikan komunitas lokal pertanian dataran tinggi dan komunitas lokal pertanian dataran rendah. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa struktur yang berperan sebagai penghambat atau pengaktif praktik sosial pilihan pangan pada komunitas dataran tinggi adalah pilihan pangan yang disediakan dari luar komunitas (struktur dominasi), biaya/penghasilan (sumberdaya alokatif-struktur dominasi), dan akses sarana transportasi (sumberdaya alokatif-struktur dominasi). Sementara itu, pada komunitas dataran rendah, struktur penghambat dan pengaktif praktik sosial pilihan pangan yang teridentifikasi adalah aturan pangan untuk anak yang menderita sakit (aturan-struktur legitimasi), norma pengasuhan anak (aturan-struktur legitimasi), pilihan pangan yang disediakan dari luar komunitas (struktur dominasi) dan dukungan keluarga (struktur dominasi).Kata kunci: praktik sosial, pilihan pangan, struktur

Women and Livelihood Resilience of Household: Analysis of Oil Palm Expansion Impact in Jambi Azzahra, Fatimah; Hadi Dharmawan, Arya; K. Pandjaitan, Nurmala
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 5 No. 1 (2017): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

ABSTRACTIndonesia is the greatest producer of oil palm in the world. Despite providing economic benefits, oil palm plantations cause significant environmental and social impacts. Environmental impacts such as deforestation, loss of biodiversity, forest fires and drought. The social impact of oil palm expansion changes women works in livelihood resilience. The purpose of this study are to analyze the influence of oil palm plantations to the livelihood structure and working changes in women and men at smallholder household in Jambi. The method used is mix method using questionnaire and in-depth interviews. The results are the expansion of oil palm plantations cause structural changes such as the shift subsistence living from rubber plantations into oil palm plantation and on lower household changes women from domestic work into the public work as oil palm labours. This is done to increase income of the household in order to remain economically resilient when a crisis situation. However, the environment is very vulnerable, causing drought and exacerbated by forest firesKeywords: oil palm, livelihood, women, resilience, householdABSTRAKIndonesia merupakan negara produsen minyak kelapa sawit terbesar di dunia. Meskipun memberikan manfaat ekonomi, perkebunan kelapa sawit menimbulkan dampak lingkungan dan sosial yang signifikan. Dampak lingkungan seperti deforestasi, hilangnya keanekaragaman hayati, hingga bencana kebakaran hutan dan kekeringan. Dampak sosial perkebunan kelapa sawit yaitu mengubah pekerjaan perempuan dalam resiliensi nafkah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis sejauh mana ekspansi perkebunan kelapa sawit mempengaruhi struktur nafkah dan kerja nafkah laki-laki dan perempuan pada rumahtangga petani di Provinsi Jambi. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode campuran dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu ekspansi perkebunan kelapa sawit menyebabkan perubahan struktur nafkah berupa pergeseran sumber nafkah dari perkebunan karet menjadi perkebunan kelapa sawit. Selain itu, pada rumahtangga lapisan bawah terjadi perubahan kerja perempuan dari domestic menjadi ke ranah publik yaitu sebagai buruh kelapa sawit. Hal tersebut dilakukan untuk menambah penerimaan rumahtangga agar tetap resilien secara ekonomi ketika terjadi krisis. Namun, lingkungan menjadi sangat rentan sehingga menimbulkan kekeringan dan diperparah dengan kebakaran hutan.Kata kunci: kelapa sawit, nafkah, perempuan, resiliensi, rumahtangga

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