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Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan

sodality
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Published by Institut Pertanian Bogor

ISSN : 23027517 EISSN : 23027525 DOI : -

Core Subject : Humanities, Art, Social,

Arts Humanities Environmental Science Social Sciences

Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan is a scientific journal, focused on Rural Sociological which refers to the key terminology of "Sodality" where the dynamics of the local structures (village/rural) and extra-local has created spaces of social disharmony, thus require the analysis and synthesis of multidisciplinary science to explain empirical facts dimensions of socio-economic-ecological in village/rural.

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 410 Documents

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Rural Poverty, Population Mobility, And Agrarian Change: A Historical Overview Sihaloho, Martua; Sri Wahyuni, Ekawati; A. Kinseng, Rilus
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

ABSTRACTTo overcome some economic difficulties, especially poverty, most poor people in the rural area decide to adopt a migration strategy (especially going to foreign countries). The decision to become international migrants contributes to the national economy (foreign exchange) at the macro level and their nuclear family (remittance) at the micro level. The remittance or cash money, in turn, enables them to meet their needs and even accumulate some assets (e.g. land and house) to be used as capital, resulting in a transformation of local agrarian structure. Some studies showed that the welfare of migrants’ families has increased significantly. Such an improved welfare of poor rural families has made rural community more dynamic in the vertical social mobility, including the efforts to extend their contract and motivate family members and the community to become international migrants (theory of cumulative causes, poverty-agrarian proposition, and poverty-migration proposition). This study has four initial hypotheses, namely: (1) change in agrarian structure affects poverty condition, (2) poverty (agrarian) affects population mobility, (3) population mobility (resulted remittance) affects agrarian structure, and (4) structural change in agraria causes new poverty. The diverse management and utilization of agrarian resources (poverty condition and the choice of population mobility —international migration) imply changes in the local agrarian structure which in turn produces new poverty and new agrarian classes.Keywords: agrarian structure, poverty, population mobility, persistenceABSTRAKMasyarakat miskin pedesaan pada akhirnya memilih menjadi pelaku migran dalam upaya mengatasi sejumlah kesulitan ekonomi (mengatasi masalah kemiskinan) yang dihadapinya. Pelaku migrasi mengambil keputusan dan berangkat menjadi migran pada akhirnya berkontribusi secara nasional (devisa negara) di aras makro dan terlebih di aras mikro (keluarga inti) pelaku migran-berupa remiten. Hasil remiten (khususnya ekonomi-uang) pada akhirnya dapat memenuhi kebutuhan keluarga dan bahkan mampu mengakumulasi asset (misal lahan dan rumah) untuk dijadikan modal bahkan ke arah perubahan struktur agraria lokal. Hasil dari beberapa penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan kesejahteraan keluarga pelaku migrasi. Perubahan kesejahteraan masyarakat miskin ini menjadi makin baik pada akhirnya mendinamisasi masyarakat pedesaan misalnya mobilitas sosial vertikal naik, termasuk upaya-upaya untuk melanjutkan kontrak menjadi pelaku migran, mendorong anggota keluarga dan komunitas menjadi pelaku migran (teori penyebab kumulatif, proposisi kemiskinan-agraria, proposisi kemiskinan-migrasi).Tiga hipotesis pengarah sebagai gagasan awal adalah (1) perubahan struktur agraria mempengaruhi kondisi kemiskinan; (2) kemiskinan (agraria) mempengaruhi laju gerak penduduk; (3) gerak penduduk (menghasilkan remiten) mempengaruhi perubahan struktur agraria, dan (3) perubahan struktur agraria menghasilkan kemiskinan baru. Ragam implikasi pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan sumberdaya agraria (kondisi kemiskinan dan pilihan gerak penduduk-migrasi internasional) berimplikasi pada perubahan struktur agraria dan selanjutnya menghasilkan kemiskinan baru dan golongan kelas baru.Kata Kunci: stuktur agraria, kemiskinan, gerak penduduk, persisten

Socio-Economic Empowerment of Farmers on Large Scale Plantation: Case Study in Kisaran Subdistrict, North of Sumatra ., Sismudjito
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

ABSTRACTIndonesia has quite enormous potentials in plantation region, one of them is the Province of North Sumatra. The plantations in North Sumatra are distributed in some regions, one of them is Asahan Regency, especially in Kisaran Sub-District. There are two kinds of plantations i.e. the large-scale plantation and the PIR (Estate Smallholders). PIR consists of large scale plantation as nucleus and tradisional smallholders as plasma which allocates their lands manually and is labor intensive. The budidaya of land by traditionally has been inherited from generation to generation so that their farming activities have become routines and has not been able to achieve the maximum production. The efforts to improve the production should be accompanied by a development in human resources by means of empowerment. Supporting factors including providing capital togetherness, Science and Technology, guidance to all citizens as a means to increase production.. Therefore, the development in human resources is meant to improve the plantation production through the society empowerment that goes simultaneously with the improvement in motivation.Keywords: contract-farmaing, smallholder empowermentABSTRAKIndonesia memiliki potensi di bidang perkebunan yang cukup tinggi, salah satunya adalah wilayah Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Perkebunan di wilayah Sumatera Utara tersebar di beberapa daerah,salah satunya adalah daerah Kabupaten Asahan, khususnya di wilayah Kecamatan Kisaran. Ada dua jenis perkebunan yakni perkebunan berskala besar dan Perkebunan Inti Rakyat(PIR). Jenis perkebunan inti rakyat bersifat tradisional dan padat karya. Pembudidayaan lahan secara tradisionalyang diwariskan dari satu generasi ke generasi penerusnya, sehingga aktivitas mereka bertani atau berkebun bersifat rutinitas dan belum dapat mencapai produksi yang maksimal. Dalam upaya meningkatkan produksi harus diiringi dengan peningkatan Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) melalui pemberdayaan. Faktor-faktor pendukung diantaranya memberikan modal kebersamaan, Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi (IPTEK), bimbingan kepada para warganya sebagai sarana untuk meningkatkan produksi. Dengan demikian, peningkatan sumber daya manusia ini berfungsi untuk meningkatkan produksi perkebunan melalui pemberdayaan masyarakat yang berjalan seiring dengan meningkatnya motivasi.Kata kunci : pemberdayaan, perkebunan inti rakyat (PIR)

Climate Change Adaptation Strategy of Upland Farmers (Study of Farmers in Dieng Plateau, Banjarnegara Regency) ,, Turasih; M Kolopaking, Lala
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

ABSTRACTClimate change in the Dieng Plateau area is characterized into five local climatic phenomenon: (1) extreme rainfalls, (2) drought in agriculture, (3) hurricans, (4) extreme temperature, and (5) the unpredictable season. Farmers adaptation strategy towards those adverse impacts is identified by occupation of agriculture land. This land occupation also determines access to capital and intensity level of climate change vulnerability. If a farmer household occupies larger lands, so the access to capital is also more and the intensity level of climate change vulnerability becomes lower. On the contrary, smaller lands occupied leaves farmer households with low access to capital and high climate change vulnerability.Keywords: climate change, adaptation strategy, vulnerability, farmer householdABSTRAKPerubahan iklim di Dataran Tinggi Dieng ditandai oleh lima fenomena iklim lokal yaitu: (1) curah hujan yang semakin ekstrem, (2) kekeringan yang melanda pertanian, (3) angin ribut, (4) suhu ekstrem, dan (5) musim yang sulit diprediksi. Strategi adaptasi untuk menghadapi kondisi iklim tersebut dilakukan oleh rumah tangga petani berdasarkan tingkat penguasaannya terhadap lahan pertanian. Luas lahan pertanian yang dikuasai oleh rumah tangga menentukan akses terhadap modal dan intensitas tingkat kerentanan terhadap perubahan iklim. Semakin luas lahan yang dikuasai oleh rumah tangga petani maka nilai akses terhadap modal relatif lebih tinggi dan tingkat kerentanannya terhadap perubahan iklim semakin rendah. Sebaliknya, Semakin luas lahan yang dikuasai oleh rumah tangga petani maka nilai akses terhadap modal akan semakin rendah dan tingkat kerentanannya terhadap perubahan iklim semakin tinggi.Kata kunci: perubahan iklim, strategi adaptasi, kerentanan, rumah tangga petani

Catabolism of Space and utilization of community as A Survival Strategy of Pesantren Heryawan Asnawi, Yudha; Soetarto, Endriatmo
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

ABSTRACTThrough out in history of pesantren is not a stagnant entity. Pesantren has undergone various linkages from early history to this present. Initially pesantren is an institution with simple spaces which are turned into an institution with the complexity of space. Consider from the physical structure, initially, pesantren has three buildingsor facilities that are the mosque, majlis-taklim and house of Kyai. The third building is a building for education space. Along with the development in the peripheral of pesantren environment currently emerging business space.This paper discusses the development of pesantren space, using the conditions of pesantren in the late 19th century to the present. The discussion using an arrangement of the history and growth of pesantren space by taking the case at Sidogiri Pesantren, Pasuruan, East Java.This paper uses a constructivist approach that is hermeneutic and dialectical where the individual social construction can acquire and known through interactions between researcher and actors of research. In addition, this study also emphasizes empathy and dialectic interaction between researchers and informants in order to reconstruct the social reality under study with qualitative methods. The survey results of the research revealed that the emerging new spaces at the pesantren that is the internal business space and external business collaboration space that complements the mosque, majlis taklim and house of Kyai who had been already there. The new of economy spaces (business spaces), and with the community formed can be a tool for survival strategy of Pesantren. Even to this day pesantren persist with the principles of Islamic, but remains on the threat of consequences: without the moral control of religion, and the charisma of kyai, Pesantren can be a greedy capitalist machine as generally.Keywords: transformation, economic space, pesantrenABSTRAKSepanjang sejarahnya pesantren bukanlah entitas stagnan. Pesantren telah mengalami berbagai kebersinggungan dari awal sejarahnya hingga saat ini. Pesantren yang pada awalnya adalah sebuah lembaga dengan ruang-ruang yang sederhana kini berubah menjadi lembaga dengan kompleksitas ruang. Dilihat dari struktur fisik, pada awalnya pesantren mempunyai tiga bangunan atau fasilitas yaitu masjid, majlis taklim dan rumah Kyai. Ketiga bangunan tersebut merupakan bangunan untuk ruang pendidikan. Seiring dengan perkembangan, saat ini di lingkungan pesantren muncul ruang-ruang bisnis. Tulisan ini membahas mengenai perkembangan ruang pesantren, menggunakan kondisi pesantren pada akhir abad 19 hingga saat ini. Pembahasan menggunakan Setting sejarah dan pertumbuhan ruang pesantren dengan mengambil contoh kasus di Pondok Pesantren Sidogiri, Pasuruan Jawa Timur. Tulisan ini menggunakan pendekatan konstruktivis yang bersifat hermeunetikal dan dialektikal dimana konstruksi sosial individu dapat diperoleh dan diketahui melalui interaksi antara peneliti dan tineliti. Di samping itu, penelitian ini juga menekankan empati dan interaksi dialektif antara peneliti dan informan dalam rangka merekonstruksi realitas sosial yang diteliti dengan metode kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa muncul ruang-ruang baru di pesantren yaitu ruang usaha internal dan ruang kolaborasi bisnis eksternal yang melengkapi ruang masjid, majlis taklim dan rumah kyai yg selama ini sudah ada.Ruang-ruang ekonomi baru (ruang bisnis) dan pembentukan komunitas telah menjadi sebuah alat dan strategi kebertahanan pesantren. Sekalipun sampai saat ini pesantren bertahan dengan prinsip keislaman, namun tetap pada ancaman konsekuensi: ketika terjadi pelemahan pada kontrol moral dari pengajaran agama, dan kharisma kyai yang dimilikinya, maka pesantren dapat menjadi mesin kapitalisme yang serakah sebagaimana umumnya.Kata kunci: transformasi, ruang ekonomi pesantren

Subsistence Ethics of Smallholder Coffee Grower: Understanding the Dynamics of Agroforestry Development in the Upland of South Sumatra Martin, Edwin; Suharjito, Didik; Darusman, Dudung
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

ABSTRACTThe importance of agroforestry for smallholder farmers has been the discourse and policies of many parties worldwide. However, agroforestry development through land rehabilitation, reforestation and community forests for traditional coffee growers in the uplands has not shown success yet. In fact, some of the innovations that come from the outside can be received by farmers. The study aims to describe the innovation adoption experienced by traditional coffee farmers in Semende, with a focus on the development of agroforestry program. The research was conducted with descriptive phenomenological approach. The research findings indicate that the cautious attitude of farmers in accepting the innovation brought by the government congruent with the concept of Scott’s subsistence ethics, but in a different context. For coffee farmers, subsistence ethics is a perspective on collateral sufficiency cash income to meet the needs of food and other necessities of life, so it does not depend on other people and socially can follow the life of the village, not only a security for could still life. Traditional coffee farmers in Semende just planted a few trees in the garden to avoid risks that could reduce the guarantee to live independently. We suggest that the policy of land rehabilitation, reforestation and agroforestry in coffee plantations plateau (upstream) as in Semende designed based on the principles that strengthen the self-reliance of farmers.Keywords: agroforestry, land rehabilitation, coffee farmers, subsistence ethicsABSTRAKNilai penting agroforestri bagi petani kecil telah menjadi wacana dan kebijakan banyak pihak di seluruh dunia. Namun, pengembangan agroforestri melalui program rehabilitasi lahan, penghijauan dan hutan rakyat bagi petani kopi tradisional di dataran tinggi belum menunjukkan keberhasilan. Pada kenyataannya, beberapa inovasi yang datang dari luar dapat diterima petani. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan adopsi inovasi yang dialami petani kopi tradisional di Semende, dengan fokus terhadap program pengembangan agroforestri. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan pendekatan fenomenologis deskriptif. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sikap hati-hati petani dalam menerima inovasi yang dibawa oleh pemerintah sebangun dengan konsep Scott tentang etika subsistensi, namun dalam konteks yang berbeda. Bagi petani kopi, etika subsistensi adalah perspektif tentang jaminan kecukupan pendapatan tunai untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan dan kebutuhan hidup lainnya, sehingga tidak tergantung kepada orang lain dan secara sosial dapat mengikuti kehidupan desa, bukan sekedar jaminan untuk tetap dapat hidup. Petani kopi tradisional di Semende hanya menanam sedikit pohon dalam kebun untuk menghindari resiko yang dapat mengurangi jaminan hidup mandiri. Kami menyarankan agar kebijakan rehabilitasi lahan, penghijauan dan agroforestri di kebun kopi dataran tinggi (hulu DAS) seperti di Semende dirancang berdasarkan prinsip yang menguatkan keswadayaan petani.Kata kunci : agroforestri, rehabilitasi lahan, petani kopi, etika subsistensi

PENGENDALIAN EMISI KARBON DAN PERUBAHAN STRUKTUR NAFKAH RUMAH TANGGA PETANI: ANALISIS SOSIOLOGI NAFKAH Hadi Dharmawan, Arya; Budi Prasetyo, Lilik; Tonny Nasdian, Fredian
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

ABSTRACTThe development of carbon-based society is one of the contemporary issues that offers a form of environmental and human collaboration respirokal also functional in controlling the risks of climate change.However, its not easy to introduce the issue of carbon to the livelihood systems of rural communities. In it, found a variety of problems, from technical aspects to non-technical. This study was constructed to answer these issues in the wider framework to mitigate climate change by carbon credits in two different locations, namely in the Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) and Jambi. For the case of DIY, carbon trading scheme, which is based on the Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM) still pose a constraint on the aspect of “legalization” and “market”. Besides the licensing process and the disharmony between institutions vertically led to increasingly complex problems. As for the case in Jambi Province, the forest is seriously threatened by forest fires and property issues (tragedy of the common), the lack of public knowledge about the functioning of Forest Park (TAHURA) causes some people consider the forest and the free open access to be entered.In another side, the TAHURA is one potential area that has a large enough carbon stocks as the area of climate change mitigation. This research is ultimately going to map out the problems and calculate the economic contribution obtained by the public, as well as changes in the structure of living in two locations with two carbon initiatives of community-based schemes are different.Keywords: mitigation of climate change, carbon emissions, the development of community-based carbon, a living structure, sociology of rural livingABSTRAKPengembangan karbon berbasis masyarakat merupakan salah satu isu kontemporeryang menawarkan bentuk kolaborasi manusia dan lingkungan yang respirokal juga fungsional dalam upaya pengendalian resiko perubahan iklim.Namun, tidak mudah memperkenalkan isu karbon ke dalam sistem penghidupan masyarakat pedesaan. Di dalamnya,ditemukanberbagai permasalahan, dari aspek teknis hingga non-teknis. Penelitian ini dikonstruksikan untuk menjawabberbagai persoalan tersebut dalam kerangka besar mitigasi perubahan iklim via kredit karbon di dua lokasi yang berbeda, yakni di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) dan Provinsi Jambi. Untuk kasus di DIY, skema perdagangan karbon yang berlandaskan pada Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM) masih menimbulkan kendala pada aspek “legalisasi” dan “pasar”. Selain itu proses perizinan dan disharmoni antar lembaga secara vertikal menyebabkan persoalan semakin kompleks. Sedangkan untuk kasus di Provinsi Jambi, hutan pada saat ini sangat terancam dengan kebakaran hutansertapersoalan properti (tragedy of the common), minimnya pengetahuan masyarakat tentang fungsi Taman Hutan Raya (TAHURA) menyebabkan sebagian masyarakat menganggap kawasan hutan tersebut open access dan bebas untuk dimasuki.Di sisi lain, kawasan TAHURA merupakan salah satu kawasan potensial yang memiliki cadangan karbon yang cukup besar sebagai kawasan mitigasi perubahan iklim. Penelitian ini pada akhirnya hendak memetakan permasalahan dan mengkalkulasikan kontribusi ekonomi yang diperoleh oleh masyarakat, serta perubahan struktur nafkah di dua lokasi dengan dua skema inisiatif karbon berbasis masyarakat yang berbeda.Kata kunci: mitigasi perubahan iklim, emisi karbon, pengembangan karbon berbasis masyarakat, struktur nafkah, sosiologi nafkah pedesaa

NGO’s Roles and Strategies in the Environmental Politic Arena Ardhian, David; Adiwibowo, Soeryo; Sri Wahyuni, Ekawati
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 4 No. 3 (2016): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

ABSTRACTNGOs have played increasingly prominent roles and strategies in the environment politic arena. The study was carried out using qualitative approach at national and local to elaborate Indonesia NGOs roles and strategies in responding land and forest fires. The Study reveals that NGOs were be able to take advance of collective deprivations and political opportunities to develop mobilization structure, framing process and various form of actions in responding land and forest fires. NGOs political strategies are directly influence key stakeholders,develop pressure to governmnet using transnational advocacy networks, enhancing market and sustainability standart to private sectors, influencing capital flow, mobilizing elits and promoting best practices at local as alternative solutions. NGOs plays as social movement organization in the frame of new social movement to enhance the equality of power relations, through influencing policies, law enforcement, market and private sectors behaviour, and promoting community-based peatland management model at local, toward better governance of natural resources management in Indonesia.Keywords : NGO, social movement, political ecology, land and forest fireABSTRAKOganisasi Non Pemerintah (ORNOP) memainkan peran dan strategi penting dalam arena politik lingkungan hidup. Studi dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif untuk menjelaskan peran dan strategi ORNOP di Indonesia pada tingkat nasional dan lokal dalam menanggapi kasus kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Studi mengungkap bahwa ORNOP mampu memanfaatkan keluhan kolektif dan struktur kesempatan politik untuk membangun struktur mobilisasi, proses framing dan bentuk-bentuk aksi. Strategi Politik ORNOP diwujudkan dengan cara mempengaruhi secara langsung pihak-pihak kunci, meningkatkan tekanan politik terhadap pemerintah dengan menggunakan jaringan advokasi lintas negara, mendorong standar keberlanjutan pasar, mempengaruhi aliran kapital, mobilisasi dukungan elit dan mempromosikan praktik-praktik terbaik sebagai solusi tandingan. ORNOP mampu memainkan peran sebagai organisasi gerakan sosial untuk mendorong kesetaraan relasi kuasa, dengan mempengaruhi kebijakan, penegakan hukum, perilaku pasar dan sektor swasta, serta mempromosikan pengelolaan lahan gambut berbasis masyarakat pada tingkat lokal, dalam rangka penguatan tata kelola sumberdaya alam di Indonesia.Kata kunci : organisasi non pemerintah, gerakan sosial, ekologi politik, kebakaran hutan dan lahan

Water Resource Management Discourse in Indonesia (Case Studi 2002-2015) Agus Susilo, Dwi; Sarwoprasodjo, Sarwititi; Hubeis, Musa; Ginting, Basita
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 4 No. 3 (2016): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

ABSTRACTThe discourse of water resources management that occurred in Indonesia for more than a decade involving governments and civil society be interesting to watch. The purpose of this study is to interpret and analyze the discourse and argumentation conflicting parties in the public sphere in water resource management in Indonesia in 2002-2015. Benefits of theoretical research is to increase the variety of discourse analysis method. This critical research paradigm using the theory of Communicative Action Habermas who developed the concept of discourse. Using the method of DHA Wodak as a method of discourse rooted in the critical theory of Habermas researchers managed to see the interests behind the making of Law No. 7 of 2004 on Water Resources and arguments used to use legal rationality and everyday language. Water Resources Law 2004 born of global importance that took the interests of katas ha of water and water privatization. Through discourse with distortion-free communication, guarantees the rationality, where the best reliable arguments to challenge oppressive power and hegemonic ideology.Keywords: argumentation, critique, discourse, privatization, public sphere, water rightABSTRAKDiskursus pengelolaan sumber daya air yang terjadi di Indonesia lebih dari satu dekade yang melibatkan pemerintah dan masyarakat sipil menarik untuk diamati. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menafsirkan dan menganalisis diskursus dan argumentasi pihak-pihak yang berkonflik di ruang publik dalam pengelolaan sumber daya air di Indonesia tahun 2002-2015. Manfaat penelitian secara teoretis adalah untuk menambah variasi metode analisis diskursus. Penelitian berparadigma kritis ini menggunakan teori Tindakan Komunkatif Habermas yang mengembangkan konsep diskursus. Menggunakan metode DHA Wodak sebagai metode diskursus yang berakar pada teori kritis Habermas peneliti berhasil melihat kepentingan di balik pembuatan UU Nomor 7 Tahun 2004 tentang Sumber Daya Air dan argumentasi yang digunakan menggunakan rasionalitas hukum dan bahasa sehari-hari. UU SDA lahir dari kepentingan global yang membawa kepentingan hak atas air dan privatisasi air. Melalui diskursus dengan komunikasi bebas distorsi menjamin lahirnya rasionalitas, dimana argumentasi terbaik dapat diandalkan untuk menantang kekuasaan yang menindas dan ideologi yang hegemonik.Kata kunci: argumentasi, kritik, diskursus, privatisasi, ruang publik, hak atas air

Analysis of Actors in Promoting Recognition of Indigenous Peoples Policy Post Constitution Court Rulling No.35 (Study on AMAN’s and the Network’s Role in Promoting the Recognition of Indigenous Peoples Through Village Law and Recognition and Protection of Arsyad, Idham; Sunito, Satyawan; Kartodiharjo, Haryadi
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 4 No. 3 (2016): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

ABSTRACTThe judicial review allegation conducted by the Nusantara Indigenous Peoples Alliance (AMAN) against Act No. 41/1999 on Forestry has resulted Constitutional Court Rulling No.35 (Putusan MK 35) which sucessfully excluded indigenous forests from the state forest. This ruling has implications for the process of new policy formulation related to the recognition and protection of indigenous people and their customary land. Therefore this study aims to look at the influence of the Putusan MK 35 on the formulation of the Village Law and Recognition and Protection of Indegenous People Bill (RUU PPMHA)through the role of actors and discourses. This study found that; The Putusan MK 35 affect the substance of the Village Law with the inclusion of the indegenous village nomenclature within the law. A common discourse and political interests among actors made the Village Law formed quickly. However the rulling did not succeed in promoting PPMHA Law given the conflict of the actors was very high and the discourse about social unit of indegenous people was unclear at that timeKeywords: indigenous peoples, indigenous forest, indigenous village, recognition and protection, costumary landABSTRAKGugatan judicial review yang dilakukan oleh Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nusantara (AMAN) terhadap UU No.41 tahun 1999 tentang Kehutanan yang menghasilkan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi No.35 (Putusan MK 35) yang mengeluarkan hutan adat dari hutan negara. Kebijakan ini berimplikasi pada proses pembentukan kebijakan baru terkait dengan pengakuan dan perlindungan masyarakat adat dan wilayah adatnya. Karenanya, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh Putusan MK 35 terhadap Undang-Undang tentang Desa dan Rancangan Undang-Undang tentang Pengakuan dan Perlindungan Masyarakat Hukum Adat (RUU PPMHA) melalui analisis aktor dan diskursus yang berkembang. Penelitian menemukan bahwa Putusan MK 35 mempengaruhi subtansi Undang- Undang Desa dengan masuknya nomenklatur desa adat dalam undang-undang. Diskursus dan kepentingan yang saya sama dari aktor membuat undang-undang ini terbentuk secara cepat. Namun tidak berhasil dalam RUU PPMHA karena konflik para aktor sangat tinggi dan diskursus mengenai unit sosial masyarakat hukum adat tidak jelas.Kata kunci: masyarakat adat, hutan adat, desa adat, pengakuan dan perlindungan, wilayah adat.

Embeddedness of Moral and Culture Institutions with Embroidery Entrepreunership in Tasikmalaya Jamilah, Joharotul; Dharmawan, Arya Hadi; K. Panjaitan,, Nurmala; S. Damanhuri, Didin
Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan Vol. 4 No. 3 (2016): Sodality: Jurnal Sosiologi Pedesaan
Publisher : Departement of Communication and Community Development Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology

ABSTRACTIn the Era of Global Economy, in general the business world is controlled by the formal economic ethics. This means that the businesses with modern economic system dominates the behaviours of enterpreuneurs in his economic acts. Production relation that is constructed between the enterpreuners and the employers is rational formal relationship, such as the employment contract should be clear above “black and white”, and the SOP (Standard Operational Procedure) which has been determined from beginning or formal legal nature. However, there is still found the businessman with moral economic ethics as the basis of their behaviours may persist, including the businessman of embroidery industry in Tasikmalaya.This research is aimed to reveal the business strategy that is undertaken by the embroidery enterpreuners in order to survive in the modern economy which is based on capitalist economic ethics with formal rational, and how the moral values and formal underlying the relation of production between the businessman and the workers.The methode used in this research is case study, with 12 embroidery enterpreuners, according to the criteria of Legilation No. 20 Yr. 2008 about UMKM, in Tasikmalaya. The data collecting uses deep interview and observation, while the technique of data analysis is used descriptive qualitative analysis. The result of the study is there is an embeddedness of Islamic and Sundanese values in the economic acts of the embroidery enterpreuners in Tasikmalaya with difference of embeddedness level. i.e: (1) Strong embeddedness on the Islamic values and weak Sundanese ethics traditions, call as Islamic-Sundanese Entrepreneurs (2) Strong embeddedness on the Sundanese tradition and weak Islamic Ethics, call as Sunda-Islamic Entrepreneurs, and (3) Strong embeddedness on the modern economic ethics but weak on the Islamic and Sundanese ethics, call as Capitalist Entrepreneurs.Keywords: formal rational, moral ethics economy, Islamic-Sundanese Entrepreneurs, Sunda-Islamic Entrepreneurs, capitalist entrepreneursABSTRAKPada era ekonomi global, dunia bisnis pada umumnya dikendalikan dengan etika ekonomi formal. Hal ini berarti bisnis dengan sistem ekonomi modern mendominasi perilaku wirausahawan dalam tindakan ekonominya. Hubungan produksi yang terbangun antara pengusaha dengan pekerja bersifat rasional formal, seperti dengan adanya kontrak kerja yang harus jelas di atas ‘hitam putih’, dan SOP yang sudah ditentukan dari awal atau bersifat legal formal. Tetapi masih ditemukan pelaku bisnis dengan etika ekonomi moral sebagai dasar perilakunya dapat bertahan, diantaranya pengusaha industri bordir di Tasikmalaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap strategi bisnis yang dilakukan pengusaha bordir sehingga dapat tetap survive dalam ekonomi modern yang berlandaskan pada etika ekonomi kapitalis dengan rasional formal, serta sejauhmana nilai-nilai moral dan formal melandasi hubungan produksi antara pengusaha dengan pekerjanya berdasarkan tipologi pengusaha. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kasus, pada 16 pengusaha bordir, sesuai kriteria UU no 20 tahun 2008 tentang UMKM di Tasikmalaya. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui deep interview dan observasi sedangkan teknik analisis data melalui analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah adanya keterlekatan nilai Islam dan Sunda dalam tindakan ekonomi para pengusaha bordir di Tasikmalaya yang berbeda-beda derajat kelekatannya yaitu (1) keterlakatan kuat pada nilai Islam dan lemahetika budaya Sunda, disebut sebagai tipe Pengusaha Islami-Sundanis, (2) keterlakatan kuat pada nilai budaya Sunda dan lemah pada nilai Islam, adalah tipe Pengusaha Sunda-Islami, dan (3) terlekat kuat pada etika ekonomi modern dan lemah pada etika Islam dan Sunda, sebagai tipe Pengusaha KapitalisKata kunci : rasional formal, etika moral ekonomi, Pengusaha Islami-Sundanis, Pengusaha Sunda-Islami, pengusaha kapitalis

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