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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies
Published by Universitas Pakuan
ISSN : 27220133     EISSN : 27220141     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/injast
Core Subject : Social,
Environmental Science
It publishes original research articles related to all aspects of main, basic, and applied environmental sciences
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Lingkungan (semua ketegori) - Ilmu Lingkungan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 136 Documents
 9   10   11   12   13 
Relationship between adaptation and mitigation of climate change with the climate village program (ProKlim) In Paser Regency Anshari, Syafruddin; Listyarini, Sri; Nurmawati, Subekti
Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies Vol 4, No 2 (2023): Volume 4 Number 2 October 2023
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/injast.v4i2.8957

Abstract

This study aims to understand the relationship between the Climate Village Program (ProKlim) success rate and climate change adaptation and mitigation actions in Paser Regency. The results of the analysis showed that simultaneously climate change adaptation actions had a real effect on the success rate of ProKlim in Paser Regency by 81.45% with a significance level of 0.00054 (less than α = 0.05), while climate change mitigation actions have a real effect on the success rate of ProKlim in Paser Regency by 83.66% with a significance level of 0.0052 (less than α = 0.05). Meanwhile, the relationship of adaptation actions to the success rate of the ProKlim in Paser Regency is partially influenced by the efforts of control of climate change-related diseases with a significant level of 0.0305 (less than α=0.05). Meanwhile, climate change mitigation actions, it is partially influenced by low-emission agricultural cultivation efforts with a significant level of 0.0305 (less than α=0.05). Thus,  the efforts to achieve the success of ProKlim cannot be done partially but must be carried out comprehensively because the impact of climate change has been felt in all aspects so it is necessary to apply all variables of climate change adaptation and mitigation sustainably.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami hubungan tingkat keberhasilan Program Desa Iklim (ProKlim) dengan aksi adaptasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim di Kabupaten Paser. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan aksi adaptasi perubahan iklim berpengaruh nyata terhadap tingkat keberhasilan ProKlim di Kabupaten Paser sebesar 81,45% dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,00054 (kurang dari α = 0,05), sedangkan aksi mitigasi perubahan iklim mempunyai pengaruh nyata terhadap keberhasilan ProKlim di Kabupaten Paser. berpengaruh terhadap tingkat keberhasilan ProKlim di Kabupaten Paser sebesar 83,66% dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,0052 (kurang dari α = 0,05). Sedangkan hubungan tindakan adaptasi terhadap tingkat keberhasilan ProKlim di Kabupaten Paser sebagian dipengaruhi oleh upaya pengendalian penyakit terkait perubahan iklim dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0,0305 (kurang dari α=0,05). Sedangkan tindakan mitigasi perubahan iklim, sebagian dipengaruhi oleh upaya budidaya pertanian rendah emisi dengan tingkat signifikan sebesar 0,0305 (kurang dari α=0,05). Dengan demikian, upaya untuk mencapai keberhasilan ProKlim tidak dapat dilakukan secara parsial melainkan harus dilakukan secara komprehensif karena dampak perubahan iklim sudah terasa di seluruh aspek sehingga perlu diterapkannya seluruh variabel adaptasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim secara berkelanjutan.
Think Globally, Act Locally publishing amidst global summits Dolly Priatna; Kathryn A. Monk
Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies Vol 2, No 2 (2021): Volume 2 Number 2 October 2021
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/injast.v2i2.4242

Abstract

We are very pleased to present InJAST Volume 2 Number 2 October 2021 at this exciting time for national and global focus on applied environmental studies. This latest edition contains reviews and research articles such as Traditional knowledge of biodiversity in the community surrounding Giam Siak Kecil-Bukit Batu Biosphere Reserve, Riau, Indonesia” and Overview and evaluation of Indonesia's water resources management policies for food security”. In addition, our guest editorial explores the topic of Government, private, and local communities in ecosystem restoration governance and practices”. This editorial reminds us all that we are now in the first year of the UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration (2021-2030), which challenges everyone to massively scale up restoration efforts focussed on our degraded ecosystems.
Feasibility analysis of lake ex-andesite stone mining as geo-tourism area at Tegalega Village, Cigudeg, Bogor Dessy Zerlina; Indarti Komala Dewi; Sutanto Sutanto
Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies Vol 1, No 1 (2020): Volume 1 Number 1 April 2020
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/injast.v1i1.1974

Abstract

The existence of large wallow which is an ex-mining of andesite stone that is not manage properly became the focus of this study. The objective of this study was to analyse the potential of geo-tourism object at the land of ex-andesite stone mining (Setu Jayamix), as well as to find out the feasibility value of geo-tourism object at the lake of ex-andesite stone mining (Setu Jayamix). Mix methods, which is a combination of  qualitative  and quantitative  methods with the research design of  sequential exploratory was used in this study. Sequential exploratory design is a research model where the qualitative data is collected and analyzed, then followed by the collection and analysis of quantitative data, which aims to strengthen the results of the study. The results showed that the potentials of geo-tourism in ex-andesite stone mining area i.e. lake waters, the uniqueness of andesitic stone outcrops, and the view of landscape that overgrown by various plantation  crops. Based on the results of the feasibility analyses of geo-tourism, then obtained a feasible value for the geological criteria of physical components (score = 26.334), sustainable for the economic components (score = 20.114), sustainable for the conservation components (score = 10.971), and educative (score = 8.518). Meanwhile, for the accessibility component is declared to be less feasible (score = 61.446).Keberadaan  kubangan besar yang merupakan area bekas penambangan  batu andesit yang tidak terkelola secara maksimal menjadi fokus penelitian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan  untuk mengkaji potensi obyek geowisata  pada lahan di kawasan  bekas tambang  batu andesit (Setu Jayamix), serta mengetahui nilai kelayakan obyek geowisata di kawasan danau bekas tambang batu andesit tersebut (Setu Jayamix).  Metode kombinasi (mix methods), yaitu  gabungan  antara  metode kualitatif  dan  kuantitatif   dengan  model penelitian sequential exploratory design digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Sequential exploratory design merupakan model penelitian dimana data kualitatif  dikumpulkan dan dianalisis, kemudian diikuti dengan pengumpulan dan analisis terhadap data kuantitatif, yang tujuannya untuk memperkuat hasil penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa potensi-potensi geowisata  yang terdapat di kawasan lahan bekas tambang  batu  andesit (Setu Jayamix)  adalah  perairan  setu, keunikan singkapan  batu  andesit,  serta pemandangan  lanskap kawasan yang ditumbuhi berbagai tanaman perkebunan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis kelayakan geowisata,  maka diperoleh nilai layak untuk kriteria geologis komponen fisik (skor = 26,334), berkelanjutan untuk komponen ekonomi (skor = 20,114), berkelanjutan untuk komponen konservasi (skor = 10,971), serta edukatif  (dengan skor = 8,518). Sedangkan untuk komponen aksesibilitas dinyatakan kurang layak (skor = 61,446).
Overview and evaluation of the Indonesia's water resources management policies for food security Andi Setyo Pambudi
Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies Vol 2, No 2 (2021): Volume 2 Number 2 October 2021
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/injast.v2i2.3586

Abstract

Water and water resources must be maintained by their functions and benefits to meet the needs of all sectors and future generations. One important part of sustainable water resource management that is of considerable interest to the government is irrigation which aims to achieve food security. Food security in Indonesia Development in the field of food security and poverty alleviation in rural areas is one of the leading sectors in the nine national development priority agendas contained in Nawa Cita”. The development of food security in Indonesia faces many complex problems, such as irrigation infrastructures maintenance, regulations, land use change, population, policy implementation, coordination among stakeholders and also budget issues. The method in this study is a qualitative method through the literature review related to the management of water resources for food security in Indonesia. This paper seeks to evaluate the development irrigation policies as part of sustainable water management that supports food security in Indonesia. Literature sources are 5 main regulations, 5 papers and some government reports. To support increased food security, the direction of the Indonesian Government's policy in strengthening food security from the irrigated agricultural sector is realized through a strategy to increase production capacity and improve irrigation network services. The problem of the availability of irrigation water must be addressed quickly by upstream conservation, maximizing capacity through normalization of existing reservoirs, and continuing to build dams to have water storage containers that can accommodate planting season throughout planting. Air dan sumber daya air harus dijaga fungsi dan manfaatnya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan semua sektor dan generasi mendatang. Salah satu bagian penting dari pengelolaan sumber daya air berkelanjutan yang cukup menarik perhatian pemerintah adalah irigasi yang bertujuan untuk mencapai ketahanan pangan. Di Indonesia, pembangunan di bidang ketahanan pangan dan pengentasan kemiskinan di pedesaan merupakan salah satu sektor unggulan dalam sembilan agenda prioritas pembangunan nasional yang tertuang dalam Nawa Cita”. Pembangunan ketahanan pangan di Indonesia menghadapi banyak masalah yang kompleks, seperti pemeliharaan infrastruktur irigasi, regulasi, perubahan penggunaan lahan, kependudukan, implementasi kebijakan, koordinasi antar pemangku kepentingan dan juga masalah anggaran. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif melalui studi pustaka terkait pengelolaan sumber daya air untuk ketahanan pangan di Indonesia. Tulisan ini berupaya mengevaluasi kebijakan pembangunan irigasi sebagai bagian dari pengelolaan air berkelanjutan yang mendukung ketahanan pangan di Indonesia. Sumber literatur adalah lima peraturan utama, lima makalah dan beberapa laporan pemerintah. Untuk mendukung peningkatan ketahanan pangan, arah kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia dalam memperkuat ketahanan pangan dari sektor pertanian beririgasi diwujudkan melalui strategi peningkatan kapasitas produksi dan peningkatan pelayanan jaringan irigasi. Masalah ketersediaan air irigasi harus segera diatasi dengan konservasi di wilayah hulu, memaksimalkan kapasitas melalui normalisasi waduk yang ada, dan terus membangun bendungan untuk memiliki wadah penampung air yang dapat mencukupi kebutuhan pasokan sepanjang musim tanam.
Seawater quality and diversity of phytoplankton species in the waters of the North Coast of Jakarta Moh. Hamdani; Khoe Susanto Kusumahadi; Tatang Mitra Setia
Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies Vol 3, No 2 (2022): Volume 3 Number 2 October 2022
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/injast.v3i2.5985

Abstract

The North Coast of Jakarta is a strategic area to support the economy of the DKI Jakarta Province and as a place to live for organisms, one of which is phytoplankton. Phytoplankton is a primary producer in aquatic ecosystems that have an essential role in maintaining aquatic ecosystems and as an indicator of water quality. This study aims to determine the quality of seawater (turbidity, TSS, BOD, Phosphate, and Nitrate) and the diversity of species (H') of phytoplankton in the waters of the North Coast of Jakarta around the reclamation islands C and D from 2006 to 2021. Types of data used in this study is secondary data from Environmental Impact Analysis (ANDAL) documents and reports on the implementation of the Environmental Management Plan and Environmental Monitoring Plan for Reclamation and Development on Islands C and D. Concentrations of turbidity, TSS, BOD, phosphate, and nitrate in coastal waters North of Jakarta around the reclamation islands C and D are fluctuation and several sampling times exceed the quality standard. The species diversity index (H') of phytoplankton in the coastal waters of North Jakarta around the reclamation islands C and D is dominantly included in the criteria for community stability in stable conditions (H 3). Based on the partial correlation test, phosphate with the diversity of phytoplankton species in the waters of the North Coast of Jakarta around reclamation island C and D had a significant relationship (P 0.05). 
Legislation study methods to save the environment Tommy Hendra Purwaka
Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies Vol 2, No 1 (2021): Volume 2 Number 1 April 2021
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/injast.v2i1.2189

Abstract

This paper provides an overview of the different methods available to critical analyse existing  environmental laws and their potential for achieving genuine environmental change.  It highlights  how  misinterpretation of the substance of laws and regulations, malfunction of legislation, disagreement among stakeholders in the application of available legal instruments and the absence of monitoring, control, and surveillance can result in inappropriate application of laws, contributing to misuse of natural resources and the environment decline. It outlines four methods of legal analysis to review the efficacies of existing laws to identify areas potential for legal reform these are; analysis of legal content, legal functions, legal instruments, and legal monitoring, control and surveillance.Makalah ini memberikan gambaran umum tentang berbagai metode yang tersedia untuk menganalisis secara kritis undang-undang lingkungan yang ada dan potensinya untuk mencapai perubahan lingkungan asli. Tulisan ini menyoroti bagaimana salah tafsir substansi undang-undang dan peraturan, ketidak berfungsinya undang-undang, ketidak sepakatan di antara para pemangku kepentingan dalam penerapan instrumen hukum yang tersedia dan tidak adanya pemantauan, kontrol, serta pengawasan, yang dapat mengakibatkan penerapan undang-undang yang tidak tepat, berkontribusi pada penyalah gunaan sumber daya alam, dan penurunan kualitas lingkungan. Ini menguraikan empat metode analisis hukum untuk meninjau efektivitas hukum yang ada untuk mengidentifikasi bidang yang berpotensi untuk reformasi hukum; analisis muatan hukum, fungsi hukum, perangkat hukum, serta pemantauan hukum, kontrol dan surveillance.
An evaluation of a community-based forest restoration programme in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, West Java, Indonesia Tintin Retno Pramesti; Rita Retnowati; Dolly Priatna
Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies Vol 1, No 2 (2020): Volume 1 Number 2 October 2020
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/injast.v1i2.2213

Abstract

Forest restoration is needed to improve the condition of degraded ecosystems and boost up the ecological services. The existence of forest areas, especially in Indonesia, cannot be separated from the livelihoods of the people living around them. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the feasabiluty of the community-based forest restoration programme, implemented by the Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park Agency (BBGGPNP) and its partners, is feasible and can support efforts to restore forest ecosystem functioning and build community independence in managing the forest ecosystem. This study used the Context, Input, Process and Product (CIPP) method. This is an evaluation model which provides an analytical and rational basis for programme decision-making, based on a cycle of planning, structuring, implementing and reviewing and revising decisions, examined through a different aspect of evaluation context, input, process and product evaluation. Data were obtained from field observations, interviews and document analysis. Aspects of the programme ‘Context were found to be categorized as good and can become the basis for programme implementation, Programme ‘Inputs were also determined to be good, and fulfilled the criteria required to support the achievement of programme objectives. The ‘Process aspects were found to be sufficient, with key areas for improvement included the need for better coordination with partners and the need to respond to technical restoration requirements by adjusting the area of land to be restored, the number of trees to be planted, and by considering the technical rule of restoration. The ‘Product aspect of the programme were shown to be good, is shown by the achievement of the target amount and growth of trees and the increased capacity of human resources as well as the development of independent businesses in the ex-encroachers who were the programme participants. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the community-based forest restoration programme such as conducted by the GGPNP Agency is feasible and can be implemented in similar sites.Restorasi hutan diperlukan untuk memperbaiki fungsi ekosistem hutan yang terdegradasi. Keberadaan kawasan hutan, khususnya di Indonesia, tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan penghidupan masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitarnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi apakah program restorasi hutan berbasis pemberdayaan masyarakat yang dilaksanakan oleh Balai Besar Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango (BBTNGGP) bersama mitranya, layak serta dapat mendukung upaya pemulihan ekosistem dan membangun kemandirian masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode CIPP, yaitu model evaluasi pada aspek Context, Input, Process dan Product. Data diperoleh dari hasil observasi lapangan, wawancara dan analisa dokumen. Berdasarkan analisis data, dapat disimpulkan bahwa program restorasi hutan berbasis pemberdayaan masyarakat layak untuk diterapkan sebagai upaya memulihkan ekosistem dan membangun kemandirian masyarakat di sekitar hutan. Aspek Konteks program berkategori baik dan dapat menjadi dasar utama pelaksanaan program, Aspek Input program baik, telah memenuhi kriteria yang mendukung tercapainya tujuan program, Aspek Proses berkategori cukup, perlu melakukan koordinasi yang lebih baik dengan pihak mitra untuk lebih berkomitmen dan perlu untuk melakukan penyesuaian antara target luasan lahan yang direstorasi dengan jumlah pohon yang ditanam dengan mempertimbangkan aturan teknis restorasi. Aspek Produk berkategori baik ditunjukkan dengan tercapainya target jumlah dan pertumbuhan pohon dan meningkatnya kapasitas SDM serta terbangunnya usaha mandiri pada masyarakat eks perambah yang menjadi peserta program.
Ecological carrying capacity of Cidahu Nature Tourism Object, Gunung Halimun Salak National Park Koko Komarudin; Rosadi Rosadi; Sata Yoshida Srie Rahayu
Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies Vol 3, No 1 (2022): Volume 3 Number 1 April 2022
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/injast.v3i1.4068

Abstract

The nature tourism sector plays an important role in national economic growth. Cidahu Nature Tourism Object, Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (GHSNP) is one of the natural attractions that has provided many benefits for the government, especially in supporting local community's economy. Natural tourism activities in Cidahu, which have been tended for mass tourism, can both benefit the economy and have a negative impact on conservation areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the tourism carrying capacity in Cidahu Nature Tourism Object by examining the maximum number of tourists that can be accommodated so that the physical, environmental and management aspects are not damaged ecologically and tourism actors may still receive satisfaction from the activities. Through a descriptive research method, data processing techniques using the Cifuentes method was used to calculate the physical carrying capacity (PCC), real carrying capacity (RCC) and effective carrying capacity (ECC). Based on the results of the study, the physical carrying capacity value was 10,593, the real carrying capacity was 148 and the effective carrying capacity was 133. With the PCC value RCC ECC, the tourism carrying capacity in Cidahu Natural Tourism Object is still in good condition.
Carrying capacity analysis of nature tourism at Selabintana, Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, West Java Andriyatno Sofiyudin; Rosadi Rosadi; Dolly Priatna
Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies Vol 2, No 2 (2021): Volume 2 Number 2 October 2021
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/injast.v2i2.3678

Abstract

Selabintana management area is one of the nature tourism areas in the Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (GGPNP) which located in Sukabumi District, West Java. Within the management area which covers 2,547.93 ha, there is a camping ground and waterfall which both are the most attracted for visitors. Efforts are needed to harmonize nature tourism activities with conservation mission, so that visitors can enjoy but the natural environment is maintained. The objective of this research is to determine the carrying capacity for daily tourism and camping activities by considering the aspect of physical, environmental and management aspects. The survey conducted through interviews and questionnaires to 62 tourists, traders and managers of the national park area. The data were analyzed using the carrying capacity assessment method developed by Cifuentes, i.e. calculating the Physical Carrying Capacity (PCC), Real Carrying Capacity (RCC), and Effective Carrying Capacity (ECC). As a result, EEC for daily tourism is 84 visitors/day  (PCC RCC ECC with a score of 3,269 98 84), while EEC for camping is 60 visitors/day (PCC RCC with a score of 2,155 69 60). Thus, carrying capacity of nature tourism activities in conservation areas can be calculated based on physical carrying capacity, real carrying capacity, and effective carrying capacity.Kawasan pengelolaan Selabintana merupakan salah satu areal wisata alam yang ada di Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango (TNGGP) yang terletak di Kabupaten Sukabumi, Jawa Barat. Di dalam areal pengelolaan yang luasnya 2.547,93 ha terdapat camping ground dan air terjun yang merupakan daya tarik utama yang bagi para pengunjung.  Diperlukan adanya upaya untuk menyelarasakan kegiatan wisata alam dengan misi konservasi, agar pengunjung  dapat menikmati  namun lingkungan alam tetap terjaga. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan carrying capacity untuk kegiatan wisata harian dan berkemah dengan mempertimbangkan aspek fisik, lingkungan dan manajemen. Survey dilakukan melalui interview dan kuisioner terhadap 62 wisatawan, pedagang dan pengelola kawasan taman nasional. Data dianalisis dengan metode penilaian carrying capacity yang dikembangkan oleh Cifuentes, yaitu menghitung Daya Dukung Fisik (PCC), Daya Dukung Ril (RCC), serta Daya Dukung Efektif (ECC). Sebagai hasil, EEC untuk wisata harian adalah 84 pengunjung/hari (PCC RCC ECC dengan skor 3.269 98 84), sedangkan EEC untuk berkemah adalah 60 pengunjung/hari (PCC RCC dengan skor 2.155 69 60). Jadi, carrying capacity dalam kegiatan wisata alam di dalam kawasan konservasi dapat ditentukan berdasarkan daya dukung fisik, daya dukung riil, dan daya dukung efektif.
Seed briquette composition for the direct seeding of Gmelina Gmelina arborea Roxb. Andreas Therapy; Dolly Priatna; Dede Jajat Sudrajat
Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies Vol 1, No 1 (2020): Volume 1 Number 1 April 2020
Publisher : Universitas Pakuan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/injast.v1i1.1970

Abstract

The study of the effect of briquette composition on the seedling survival and growth of Gmelina in the field with the Randomized Group Design (RGD) experimental method. The parameters observed in the seed briquette composition test in the field were seedling diameter, seedling height and life percentage. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's Test using SAS and SPSS programmes to determine the success of the seed briquette composition test. The composition of seed briquette has a significant effect on the survival percentage and growth of direct seeding Gmelina in the field. The application of the composition of B-5 with land preparation in the form of cleaning gives the best percentage of life and growth of Gmelina seedlings. This composition also gave a high growth of 45.29 cm, a diameter of 5.16 cm and a percentage of life of 58.33%. The composition of the B-5 seed briquettes has a proportional composition of the main ingredients in the form of soil and compost which is 20% and 40% as a growing medium and a source of nutrition for Gmelina seedling growth.Penelitian  tentang  pengaruh  komposisi briket terhadap  persen hidup serta  pertumbuhan  Gmelina  di lapangan  dengan  metode eksperimen Rancangan  Acak Kelompok (RAK). Parameter yang diamati pada uji komposisi briket benih di lapangan adalah diameter semai, tinggi semai dan persentase hidup. Data dianalisis dengan Analisis Ragam dan Uji Duncan dengan menggunakan program SAS dan SPSS untuk mengetahui  keberhasilan dari uji komposisi briket benih. Komposisi briket benih berpengaruh  nyata  terhadap persentase hidup dan pertumbuhan direct  seeding  Gmelina di lapangan.  Penerapan komposisi B-5 dengan persiapan lahan berupa pembersihan memberikan persentase hidup dan pertumbuhan semai Gmelina terbaik. Komposisi ini juga memberikan pertumbuhan tinggi sebesar 45,29 cm, diameter sebesar 5,16 cm dan persen hidup sebesar 58,33%. Komposisi briket benih B-5 memiliki komposisi bahan utama berupa tanah dan kompos yang proporsional yaitu sebesar 20% dan 40% sebagai media tanam dan sumber nutrisi untuk pertumbuhan semai Gmelina.

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