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ELKHA : Jurnal Teknik Elektro
Published by Universitas Tanjungpura
ISSN : 18581463     EISSN : 25806807     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.26418
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
The ELKHA publishes high-quality scientific journals related to Electrical and Computer Engineering and is associated with FORTEI (Forum Pendidikan Tinggi Teknik Elektro Indonesia / Indonesian Electrical Engineering Higher Education Forum). The scope of this journal covers the theory development, design and applications on Automatic Control, Electronics, Power and Energy Systems, Telecommunication, Informatics, and Industrial Engineering.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik Listrik dan Elektro
Articles 285 Documents
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Power Flow Analysis in Unbalanced Three-Phase Distribution Systems using Backward/Forward Sweep and Current Injection Methods Akmal Zuhdi, Muhammad; Husnayain, Faiz
ELKHA : Jurnal Teknik Elektro Vol. 16 No.2 October 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v16i2.82179

Abstract

The electrical power distribution system is a part of the power system that distributes electricity from the transmission network to customers. In the distribution system, imbalances often occur due to the varying load profiles in each phase. This can cause voltage imbalances in the distribution system. This study aims to compare two power flow analysis methods, Backward/Forward Sweep and Current Injection. The study analyses the voltage and power loss conditions on each phase at each bus and line in the three-phase distribution system under unbalanced conditions. Simulations were conducted on two IEEE test buses, IEEE 19-Bus and IEEE 33-Bus with radial configurations. The power flow calculation results using the Backward and Forward Sweep method showed that in the IEEE 19-Bus system, the highest voltage drop percentage occurred on phase b at bus 19, at 3.14%, the highest voltage imbalance percentage occurred at bus 19, at 0.1409%, and the total active and reactive power losses were 7.352 kW and 3.164 kVAR. In the IEEE 33-Bus system, the highest voltage drop percentage occurred on phase c at bus 18, at 5.85%, the highest imbalance percentage occurred at bus 15, at 0.2077%, and the total active and reactive power losses were 19.107 kW and 8.22 kVAR. The percentage difference between the two methods used is less than one percent, indicating that both methods are sufficiently accurate in analyzing power flow in an unbalanced distribution system.
Design and Implementation of Wind Speed-Based Radar Antenna Safety System Prototype Sumari, Arwin Datumaya Wahyudi; Partono, Rani; Funny, Rindu Alriavindra
ELKHA : Jurnal Teknik Elektro Vol. 16 No.2 October 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v16i2.78606

Abstract

Air defense radar is a system that detects the presence of one or more air objects at a certain distance, altitude, and direction. One type of air defense radar used by the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) is the Thomson TRS 2215D. An essential part of the radar is the rotating part of the radar antenna support called the antenna pivot. The rotation of the radar antenna must constantly be monitored and controlled for rotational stability at a speed of 6 Rotations per Minute (RPM) with a maximum wind speed of 120 km/h to prevent damage to the driving gear. Stormy weather with high wind speeds can cause the rotation speed of the radar antenna to be uncontrollable, which can cause damage. The solution offered in this study is to build a safety system that will lock the radar antenna automatically when the wind speed is detected to exceed tolerances and maintain the security of the radar antenna and its support system. The safety system was designed using an ESP32 Wi-Fi device equipped with an anemometer wind speed sensor, a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) monitor, a Direct Current (DC) motor, and a Blynk Internet of Things (IoT) application. The test was conducted in a simulation using a multi-meter and oscilloscope measuring instrument. Testing the radar antenna's safety system prototype on a laboratory scale shows that the safety system can work as designed. The system can lock the radar antenna when the airflow is set at a speed of 54 km/h or 15 m/s, communication with the Blynk server works well, and the ESP32 device can transmit data at a maximum distance of 14 meters.
Effect of Heatsink Material on the Efficiency of Solar Panel-Thermoelectric Hybrid Devices Fitriana, Fitriana; Auliq, Muhammad A’an; Kurniawan, Dani Rizky; Wijaya, Muhammad Antoni
ELKHA : Jurnal Teknik Elektro Vol. 16 No.2 October 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v16i2.80684

Abstract

Solar panels exposed to solar radiation will produce heat, affecting their efficiency. A solution to this problem is integrating solar panels with thermoelectric generators that can convert thermal energy into electrical energy. In general, thermoelectric generators are equipped with heatsinks as heat absorbers. Many studies only look at the addition of heatsinks without examining the effect of the type of heatsink material used. Based on this background, this study identifies the effect of heatsink materials on the efficiency produced by solar panel thermoelectric devices. The purpose of this study is to determine which heatsink material can produce high efficiency in solar panel-thermoelectric devices. This research is useful for improving the efficiency of solar-thermoelectric hybrid devices. The novelty of this study is the selection of various heatsink materials that are directly tested against the efficiency of hybrid devices. The heatsink materials tested in this study were aluminum and copper. The equipment was tested by measuring the current and voltage generated by the solar panel-thermoelectric using a multimeter which was then used to calculate its power. The results showed that the hybrid solar panel-thermoelectric device with a heatsink made of copper produced a higher output power of 1.882 mW compared to aluminum material which was only 0.513 mW.
Digital Administration Acceptance for Mountain Climbers in Mount Merbabu National Park Mochtar, Achmad Wahyu; Nugroho, Rino Ardhian; Hanifah, Roisa Nur; Prakoso, Septyanto Galan
ELKHA : Jurnal Teknik Elektro Vol. 17 No.1 April 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v17i1.90063

Abstract

Adoption of e-government is one of the government's ongoing efforts to improve the standard of public services. Mount Merbabu National Park (BTNGMb) established an online climbing registration system and assessed the carrying capacity of the area. This is also an effort to protect natural areas for conservation. Users continue to voice complaints about the system. Therefore, the goal of this study is to determine the factors influencing the frequency of usage of the online climbing registration system available from the Mount Merbabu National Park Office. The analytical tool was the Unified Model of Electronic Government Adoption (UMEGA). In this study, associative quantitative methods and convenience sampling are employed. The questionnaire was given to one hundred participants, each of whom was registered and led a climbing group. The acquired data was evaluated using the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) technique using the SmartPLS 4.1.0.3 application. The results show that the UMEGA model can predict the interest of 73.5% of respondents in using BTNGMb's online climbing registration system, while factors outside the scope of this study affect the remaining respondents. The five UMEGA variables—user attitudes, societal influence, business expectations, performance expectations, and facility circumstances—have a favorable effect on interest in using BTNGMb's online registration system. Perceived risk has little effect on enthusiasm in using BTNGMb's online climbing registration system in the interim. These findings can be used, particularly for the Mount Merbabu National Park Office, as evaluation material and input while developing an online climbing registration system.
Analysis of Power Transformer Insulation Resistance Using the Applied Voltage test Method Feri, Mohammad; Jamaaluddin, Jamaaluddin; Ayuni, Shazana Dhiya
ELKHA : Jurnal Teknik Elektro Vol. 17 No.1 April 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v17i1.90883

Abstract

This study investigates insulation resistance failures in newly manufactured power transformers at PT XYZ, focusing on the application of Applied Voltage Test as the main method to detect potential insulation failures. Different from previous studies that focus more on transformers that have been in operation for a long time, this study identifies that insulation failure in new transformers can be caused by production factors, such as insulation paper degradation due to exposure to temperature and humidity during the manufacturing process. The research was conducted through direct observation, structured interviews with testing technicians, and comparative analysis of two transformer units. The test results showed significant differences between the two units, where Transformer Unit 2 failed the test due to insulation paper degradation, which was confirmed through physical inspection. This study emphasizes the importance of Applied Voltage Test in identifying insulation defects at an early stage and shows that the quality of materials and production processes greatly affect the reliability of transformers. The findings make new contributions to understanding the causes of insulation failures in new transformers, as well as provide practical recommendations for optimization of test methods and improvement of production quality, thereby minimizing the risk of insulation failures in new transformers. Furthermore, this research highlights the significance of early detection through Polarization Index testing, which can serve as an indicator of insulation degradation. These insights are crucial for improving quality control in transformer manufacturing and ensuring the reliability of power distribution systems.
Hybrid ANN-PSO Based MPPT Optimization for Enhanced Solar Panel Efficiency Hamzah, Muhammad ilham hasby; Aprillia, Happy; Giyantara, Andhika
ELKHA : Jurnal Teknik Elektro Vol. 17 No.1 April 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v17i1.88711

Abstract

In some cases of Solar Power Generation System (PLTS) optimization, AI algorithms can be used to solve complex problems such as efficiency problems. In this research, a hybrid approach that combines Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms is used to optimize the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) system for solar panels. The hybrid technique seeks to maximize power output by precisely determining the ideal voltage and current points, which will increase the efficiency of solar panels. This study includes the measurement of parameters such as current (I), voltage (V), and power (W) in the MPPT system. The research shows that the hybrid ANN-PSO approach performs better than the traditional ANN method, producing mean squared error (MSE) and root mean squared error (RMSE) values that are lower. Moreover, research results show that the hybrid system maintains a load efficiency of approximately 51% in real-world measurements and about 67% in simulation data, indicating better performance and implementation ease.
MPPT Performance Analysis for PV Energy Harvesting Using Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) Algorithm Aripriharta, Aripriharta; Syabani, Muhiban; Sendari, Siti; Wibawa, Aji Prasetya; Susilo, Suhiro Wongso; Bagaskoro, Muhammad Cahyo; Rosmin, Norzanah
ELKHA : Jurnal Teknik Elektro Vol. 17 No.1 April 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v17i1.91643

Abstract

Renewable energy is a key solution to meeting the growing demand for electricity while reducing reliance on non-renewable sources. Among various renewable technologies, photovoltaic (PV) systems are widely used in solar power plants (PLTS) to harness solar energy. However, PV efficiency is affected by environmental factors such as fluctuating solar irradiance and temperature, which cause instability in output voltage and power. To address these issues, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) techniques are applied to optimize power extraction. This study proposes the Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO) algorithm for MPPT and evaluates its performance through MATLAB/SIMULINK simulations under varying irradiance and temperature conditions. Inspired by the hunting behavior and social hierarchy of grey wolves, GWO dynamically adjusts the converter's duty cycle based on real-time voltage and current measurements to maximize output power. The study focuses on PV systems in Malang, Indonesia, and compares GWO with the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method in terms of accuracy and stability. The results indicate that increased solar irradiance substantially enhances PV power output, while rising temperatures tend to reduce efficiency. The GWO algorithm achieves an average tracking accuracy of 94.5632%, slightly lower than the 96.9851% achieved by PSO. However, GWO demonstrates superior performance in terms of stability, with faster convergence and reduced oscillations during the tracking process. A comparison of system performance before and after applying the GWO method shows notable improvements in tracking consistency and power extraction efficiency, especially under dynamic environmental changes. The novelty of this study lies in its use of real-world environmental data collected over a 30-day period in a tropical setting, which is rarely addressed in previous GWO-based MPPT research. These findings highlight the potential of the GWO-based MPPT strategy to enhance PV system reliability and efficiency in real-time renewable energy applications.
Analysis of Wind Energy Potential On Nusa Penida Island Using The Weibull Distribution: Evaluation of Power Density and Intermittency Herlambang, Amanda Austin; Dewi Wirastuti, Ni Made Ary Esta; Manuaba, Ida Bagus Gede
ELKHA : Jurnal Teknik Elektro Vol. 17 No.1 April 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v17i1.87857

Abstract

Nusa Penida Island faces increasing energy demands driven by tourism and development, highlighting the need for sustainable energy solutions. While previous wind studies in Indonesia have primarily focused on larger islands, this research evaluates Nusa Penida’s wind energy potential using the Weibull distribution method for power density and intermittency analysis. Unlike prior studies, this research incorporates seasonal variations and probabilistic modeling to provide a more accurate assessment of wind intermittency. Statistical analysis of 2019–2020 wind speed data from NASA Power reveals stable wind conditions, with an average power density of 104 W/m², making it suitable for medium scale wind energy projects. Peak wind speeds occur mid year, optimizing conditions for energy harvesting, while intermittency analysis indicates that wind speeds fall below 3 m/s approximately 30% of the time, emphasizing the need for energy storage or hybrid systems. This research quantifies the impact of intermittency on energy planning, offering a data driven approach to support Indonesia’s renewable energy diversification and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. The findings establish Nusa Penida’s feasibility for wind energy deployment, contributing to enhanced energy resilience in remote island communities.
Fuzzy Logic Optimization to Control Air Conditioner (AC) Conditions using Rule-Based Algorithm Khalif, Mhd. Idham; Muis, Abdul
ELKHA : Jurnal Teknik Elektro Vol. 17 No.1 April 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v17i1.80613

Abstract

To use an Air Conditioner (AC) unit, a remote control is needed to operate it. Currently, the built-in remote of the AC unit is still operated manually by the user. This study will build and develop an AC condition control device that is different from the built-in remote of the AC unit, where the AC condition control device that is built can control the AC condition automatically and without human intervention, by implementing the fuzzy logic algorithm and Rule-based algorithm. Similar studies have been conducted but are still limited to simulations, not yet implemented on real devices. The results obtained in this study are fuzzy logic control that is optimized using the rule-based algorithm and tested with different control times (sampling periods), namely 5 seconds and 10 minutes, using the outdoor temperature as a threshold obtained from OpenWeather data. From the experimental results, the average control error if only using fuzzy logic is 1.4% for a control time of 10 seconds and 1.37% for a control time of 10 minutes. When fuzzy logic is optimized using a rule-based algorithm, the average error is reduced to 0.81% for a control time of 10 seconds and 0.32% for a control time of 10 minutes. These findings indicate that integrating a rule-based algorithm with fuzzy logic control significantly improves the accuracy of temperature regulation in an AC system. By reducing the margin of error, this optimized approach not only improves energy efficiency but also minimizes power consumption in the long run.
Harmonic Distortion Analysis Of On-grid Photovoltaic Panel Integration In Load Sharing Scheme Santoso, Satria Adji; Ulinuha, Agus
ELKHA : Jurnal Teknik Elektro Vol. 17 No.1 April 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/elkha.v17i1.91311

Abstract

Harmonic analysis is crucial to maintain the system power quality, especially in photovoltaic panels with load sharing scheme. Previous studies have discussed the impact of harmonic distortion on electric power systems in general, but there is still limited discussion on on-grid photovoltaic panel systems without the load-sharing scheme. Harmonic is a distortion phenomenon of current and voltage that is higher than fundamental frequency. The consumption of nonlinear loads contributes to the rising of harmonic distortion that has a bad impact on the system's power quality. This study aims to analyze and compare the levels of harmonic distortion on on-grid photovoltaic panels with a load-sharing scheme and evaluate the suitability with the IEEE 519-2014 standard. The result of this study shows that the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) on the current  (THDi) in PLN’s load and network exceeds the limit that is stipulated in IEEE 519-2014. THD current in PLN’s loads and network is higher than the output current from the on-grid inverter because of the consumption of the nonlinear load. Meanwhile, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) on the voltage (THDv) in the on-grid inverter, electric network, and load tends to be lower and still within the safe limit. This study is expected to support the implementation of an effective preventive strategy to reduce harmonic distortion on the performance of on-grid photovoltaic panels that will be optimum in the load-sharing scheme.

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