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Verstek
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : 23550406     DOI : https://doi.org/10.20961/jv.v9i3.55027
Core Subject : Humanities, Social,
Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Jurnal Verstek is a peer-reviewed journal published by Procedural Law Department, Faculty of Law, Universitas Sebelas Maret three times a year in April, August, and December. This Journal aims primarily to facilitate undergraduate students paper over current developments on procedural law issues in Indonesia as well as to publish innovative legal researches concerning Indonesian procedural laws and legal system. It provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to public support a greater global exchange of knowledge. The scope of the articles published in this journal deal with a broad range of topics in the fields of Procedural Law, included but not limited to legal construction of procedural law, critical construction of procedural law in practice, trends and changes in procedural law, and the technical challenges faced in proedural law.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 802 Documents
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KAJIAN BENTUK DAKWAAN KOMBINASI DALAM PERKARA PENCURIAN DENGAN KEKERASAN (STUDI PUTUSAN NOMOR 591/PID.B/2021/PN SMG) Fabianus Evan Pradityaputra
Verstek Vol 10, No 3: 2022
Publisher : Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jv.v10i3.70684

Abstract

Abstract:This study aims to find out about the use of alternative subsidiary forms of indictment by the Public Prosecutor and the Judge's considerations in assessing and deciding cases that dropped Article 365 paragraph (3) of the Criminal Code in conjunction with Article 55 paragraph (1) 1st of the Criminal Code to the Defendants. The research method used in this research is normative legal research which is prescriptive and applied. The approach used by the author is a case approach. The types and sources of legal materials used are primary and secondary legal materials using literature/document studies, analysis techniques of legal materials using the syllogism method and interpretation using deductive logical reasoning methods. Based on the results of the research, it shows that in Decision Number 591/Pid.B/2021/PN Smg the use of alternative subsidiary combination indictments by the Public Prosecutor is by the provisions of Article 143 paragraph (2) of the Criminal Procedure Code and the fulfilment of the elements in Article 365 paragraph (3) of the Criminal Code jo Article 55 paragraph (1) 1st of the Criminal Code charged with violating the crime of theft with violence which resulted in the death of the victim.Keywords: Theft with violence, Indictment, Consideration of the Judge, Proof
KAJIAN UPAYA HUKUM KASASI TERHADAP PUTUSAN LEPAS TINDAK PIDANA PENGANIAYAAN (STUDI PUTUSAN NO. 810/K/PID/2014) Tsavier Yufa Aqya
Verstek Vol 10, No 3: 2022
Publisher : Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jv.v10i3.70045

Abstract

This research aims to find out the suitability of the Supreme Court’s consideration in granting the Cassation request by the Public Prosecutor with Article 256 of Criminal Procedure Code. This type of research is normative legal research that is prescriptive and applied to case studies. The technique of collecting primary and secondary legal materials used for this study is documental study and literature materials. Based on the result and discussion define the Supreme Court Judge’s consideration in examining and adjudicate the Public Prosecutor’s Cassation request stating that granting the Public Prosecutor’s Cassation request, cancelling the Sleman District Court Decision Number 25/Pid.B/2014/PN.SLMN and adjudicate itself stated that the defendant Elly Ratna Pritawaty had been legally and convincingly proven guilty of committing the crime of prosecution and sentenced her to imprisonment for 4 (four) months in accordance with the provisions contained in Article 256 of the Criminal Procedure Code. The judge’s consideration in accepting or granting the cassation request in this persecution case has fulfilled the provision in Article 351 of the Criminal Code. The judge has described the facts found at trial which can strengthen the judge's argument. The judge was of the opinion that the Panel of Judges of the Sleman District Court had made a mistake in applying the legal regulations as they should. Whereas the Panel of Judges at the Sleman District Court stated that the defendant had been proven guilty of committing the crime of persecution. However, the act was carried out in self-defence because the victim immediately attacked the victim and swung his shoe at the defendant's face. Keywords: Legal Effort, Cassation, Persecution, Acquittal
ANALISIS PUTUSAN HAKIM BERDASARKAN ASAS UNUS TESTIS NULLUS TESTIS (STUDI PUTUSAN PENGADILAN TINGGI SEMARANG) Naomi Larastiti Ave Regina
Verstek Vol 10, No 3: 2022
Publisher : Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jv.v10i3.70241

Abstract

Abstrak: Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari bagaimana pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan putusan pidana terhadap pelaku tindak pidana perkosaan berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 183 jo.193 KUHAP dan mempelajari tentang penerapan asas unus testis nullus testis. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat preskriptif dan terapan. Pendekatan penelitian hukum ini adalah pendekatan kasus. Bahan hukum yang digunakan terdiri dari bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan. Teknik analisis bahan hukum yang digunakan dalam penulisan hukum ini adalah metode silogisme dengan menggunakan pola berpikir deduktif.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan dihasilkan kesimpulan bahwa Hakim telah memperoleh pembuktian berkekuatan hukum tetap dan mempertimbangkan kesesuaian berdasarkan alat bukti keterangan saksi, keterangan terdakwa, dan alat bukti surat, serta barang bukti yang satu dengan yang lainnya yang dihadirkan di persidangan, sehingga dalam menetapkan putusan hakim telah memperoleh keyakinan atas perkara pidana yang dilakukan oleh terdakwa. Hakim juga telah menerapkan asas unus testis.Kata kunci: Pertimbangan Hakim; Pemerkosaan; Asas Unus Testis Nullus TestisAbstract: This article aims to study the considerations of the judge to break the case criminal prison for the perpetrators of rape crime based on the provisions of Article 183 jo.193 KUHAP and study about the application of the principle of unus testis nullus testis. The type of research used is normative legal research that is prescriptive and applied. This legal research approach is a case approach. The legal ingredients used consist of primary legal materials and secondary legal ingredients. The technique of collecting legal materials used is library studies. The technique of legal material analysis used in writing this law is syllogism method using deductive thinking pattern.Based on the results of the study and discussion, the conclusion that the judge has obtained proof of a permanent law and considered compatibility based on proof of witness statements, defendant's statement, and proof of the letter, as well as evidence for one other with the evidence presented at the trial, so the judge had gained faith in the criminal case committed by the defendant. The judge has also applied the principle of unus testis nullus testis.Keywords: Judge's Considerations; The Principle of Unus Testis Nullus Testis; Rape
HAK MERDEKA PENUNTUT UMUM DAN RENCANA TUNTUTAN DALAM PENEGAKAN HUKUM PIDANA Ragil Listyaningrum
Verstek Vol 10, No 3: 2022
Publisher : Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jv.v10i3.70494

Abstract

Abstrak : Artikel disusun untuk menganalisis konsepsi rencana tuntutan terhadap hak merdeka yang dimiliki penuntut umum dalam proses penegakan hukum pidana. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui landasan yuridis pelaksanaan konsepsi rencana tuntutan serta untuk meneliti pengaruh mekanisme rencana tuntutan terhadap hak merdeka penuntut umum dalam proses penegakan hukum pidana. Untuk menemukan jawaban atas pernyataan yang muncul maka dilakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan pendekatan konseptual. Kebijakan rencana tuntutan dilaksanakan sebagi kontrol pimpinan Kejakasaan atas pelimpahan kewenangan penuntutan sebagaimana tercantum dalam Pedoman Nomor 24 Tahun 2021 tentang Penanganan Perkara Tindak Pidana Umum. Mekanisme rencana tuntutan ini dinilai telah mereduksi hak merdeka yang dimiliki penuntut umum. Namum, dalam waktu yang bersamaan mekanisme rencana tuntutan menunjukkan bahwa Kejaksaan adalah satu dan tidak dapat dipisahkan.Kata Kunci : Hak Merdeka; Kejaksaaan; Rencana Tuntutan Abstract : This article was compiled to analyze the conception of the charge plan on the independence rights of prosecutor in the process of enforcing the criminal law. This research was conducted to find out the juridical basis for the implementation of the charge plan and to examine the influence of the charge plan mechanism on the independent rights of prosecutor in the process of enforcing criminal law. To find answers to the statements that appear, research is carried out using a conceptual approach. The prosecution plan policy is carried out as part of the Attorney leadership control over the delegation of prosecution authority as stated in Guideline Number 24 of 2021 concerning General Crime Case Handling. The charge plan mechanism is considered to have reduced the public prosecutor's right to independence. However, at the same time the mechanism of charge plan shows that the Attorney is one and cannot be separated. Keywords : Attorney, Charge Plan, and Independent Rights
PERTIMBANGAN HAKIM DITOLAKNYA PENGAJUAN JUSTICE COLLABORATOR DALAM TINDAK PIDANA PENYUAPAN (PUTUSAN NOMOR 46/PID.SUS/TPK/2019/PN.Jkt.Pst) Muhammad Rizqi Andia; Ismawati Septiningsih
Verstek Vol 10, No 3: 2022
Publisher : Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jv.v10i3.68521

Abstract

This research aims to analyze and review Judges Legal Considerations regarding the decline of a Justice Collaborator, Arif Fitrawan, in the criminal act of corruption case. How should the Judges' Legal Considerations toward Justice Collaborator on Decision Number 46/Pid.Sus/TPK/2019/PN.Jkt.Pst based on SEMA Number 4 of 2011. This type of research is normative legal research that is perspective and applied with case studies. The technique of collecting primary and secondary legal materials used for this research is documental study and literature materials. The result and discussion indicated that Judges' Legal Considerations (Ratio Decidendi) used to establish the defendant Arif Fitrawan as Justice Collaborator on Decision Number 46/Pid.Sus/TPK/2019/PN.Jkt.Pst, in the writer's opinion it had been appropriate, and according to the criteria for being a Justice Collaborator that regulated on SEMA Number 4 of 2011 and Law Number 13 of 2006 jo. Law Number 31 of 2014 about Protection against Witnesses and Victims. The writer has an opinion that the demands of Public Prosecutor are not overburdening, demands of the Public Prosecutor could referred to as a summary of examination of case based on proofing process. As justice upholders, judges could have a weighting of demands of the Public Prosecutor.Keywords: Criminal Act of Corruption; Justice Collaborator; Ratio Decidendi; Bribery
DOMINUS LITIS DALAM PENGHENTIAN PENUNTUTAN BERDASARKAN KEADILAN RESTORATIF (Studi Kasus di Kejaksaan Negeri Surakarta) Georgia Monica Candra Apriliana
Verstek Vol 10, No 3: 2022
Publisher : Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jv.v10i3.70191

Abstract

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui alasan penuntut umum melakukan penghentian penuntutan terhadap kasus tindak pidana penganiayaan yang terjadi dalam wilayah hukum Kejaksaan Negeri Surakarta serta pertimbangan penuntut umum sebagai fasilitator perdamaian dengan menggunakan asas dominus litis sebagai asas penuntut umum dalam bertindak atas kasus yang ditangani serta dilandasi Peraturan Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 15 Tahun 2020 tentang Penghentian Penuntutan Berdasarkan Keadilan Restoratif. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Sumber dan bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder, teknik analisis bahan hukum menggunakan metode silogisme dan interpretasi dengan menggunakan pola pikir deduktif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang penulis lakukan, diketahui bahwa alasan penghentian penuntutan oleh penuntut umum atas tindak pidana penganiayaan yang tercantum dalam Surat Ketetapan Penghentian Penuntutan Nomor: B-1349/M.3.11/Eoh.2/06/2022 telah sesuai dengan Peraturan Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 15 Tahun 2020 tentang Penghentian Penuntutan Berdasarkan Keadilan Restoratif, sehingga sah dan meyakinkan penghentian penuntutan yang dilakukan oleh penuntut umum telah tepat dilakukan secara keadilan restoratif berdasarkan syarat-syarat yang telah terpenuhi.Kata kunci: Keadilan restoratif; penghentian penuntutan; tindak pidana penganiayaan
PERTIMBANGAN HAKIM DALAM PENJATUHAN PIDANA PENJARA TERHADAP ANAK PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA KEKERASAN YANG MENGAKIBATKAN KEMATIAN (STUDI PUTUSAN NOMOR: 17/Pid.Sus-Anak/2019/PN.Ptk) Yulista Triyani
Verstek Vol 10, No 1: 2022
Publisher : Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jv.v10i1.64162

Abstract

ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan sanksi pidana penjara terhadap anak pelaku tindak pidana kekerasan yang mengakibatkan kematian, apakah penjatuhan sanksi pidana ini telah sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak (SPPA) serta Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana (KUHAP). Mengingat dalam aturan hukum kita, penjatuhan pidana penjara terhadap anak merupakan pilihan terakhir apabila upaya hukum lain tidak dapat ditempuh. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam jenis penelitian hukum normatif-doktrinal yang bersifat preskriptif. Sumber yang digunakan yakni bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Kasus ini berawal dari Terdakwa yang melakukan kekerasan terhadap korban secara terus menerus yang mengakibatkan Korban mengalami luka fatal dan meninggal dunia. Hal tersebut menyebabkan Terdakwa dijatuhi pidana penjara 2 (dua) tahun 6 (enam) bulan oleh Majelis Hakim. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa dalam pengambilan putusan penjatuhan pidana penjara terhadap Terdakwa oleh Majelis Hakim sudah sesuai dengan Pasal 183 KUHAP dan Pasal 77 Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang SPPA yaitu dengan berdasarkan minimal 2 (dua) alat bukti yang sah yang diberikan Penuntut Umum dalam persidangan serta syarat yang harus dipenuhi dalam menjatuhkan pidana penjara terhadap anak.Kata Kunci: pertimbangan hakim, tindak pidana anak, pembuktian.ABSTRACT: This research ains to find out judgement of Judge of imprisonment against children who commit violent crime resulting in death, whether the imposition of criminal sanctions is in accordance with Law No. 11 of 2012 concerning the Juvenile Justice System (SPPA) as well as the Law Book Criminal Procedure Law (KUHAP). Considering in our rule of law, imprisonment of children is a last resort if other legal remedies cannot be taken. This research belongs to the type of prescriptive normative-doctrinal law research. The sources used are primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. This case started with the Defendant who perpetrated violence against the victim which resulted in the victim suffering fatal injuries and death. This caused the Defendant to be sentenced to a prison sentence of 2 (two) years 6 (six) months by the Panel of Judges. The conclusion of this study explains that in making the decision of imprisonment against the Defendant by the Panel of Judges it is in accordance with Article 183 of the Criminal Procedure Code and Article 77 of Law Number 11 Year 2012 concerning SPPA, which is based on a minimum of 2 (two) valid evidence given by the Prosecutor General in court and the conditions that must be met in imposing a prison sentence on a child.Keyword: Judge Judgement, criminal child act, proof.
Kesesuaian Pertimbangan Hakim dalam Menjatuhkan Putusan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang (Studi Putusan Nomor: 709/Pid.Sus/2020/Pn Bjm) Arum Puspita Seno Putri
Verstek Vol 10, No 2: 2022
Publisher : Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jv.v10i2.67639

Abstract

Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji permasalahan hukum mengenai pertimbangan hakim dalam memutus perkara pencucian uang berdasarkan ketentuan Pasal 183 KUHAP Jo Pasal 193 ayat (1) KUHAP. Selain itu, penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi hukum normatif yang bersifat perspektif dan terapan. Selain itu, penelitian ini menggunakan bahan-bahan hukum dari hukum primer dan hukum sekunder yang dipadukan dengan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hakim menjatuhkan pidana kepada terdakwa sesuai dengan ketentuan Pasal 183 sampai dengan Pasal 193 ayat (1) KUHAP dengan memperhatikan alat bukti yang sah dengan ketentuan Pasal 184 ayat (1) KUHAP dan terdakwa telah memenuhi unsur Pasal 5 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2010 tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang, sehingga terdakwa secara sah dan meyakinkan. terbukti menurut hukum melakukan tindak pidana pencucian uang.Kata Kunci: Pencucian uang; Pertimbangan Hakim; Terdakwa.Abstract: This study was conducted for examining legal issues regarding the judge’s considerations in deciding the case of money laundering based on the provision of Article 183 of the Criminal Code Procedure Jo Article 193 section (1) of the Criminal Code Procedure. In addition, this study used the normative legal study method which is perspective and applied. Besides, this study used legal materials from primary and secondary law, combined with a literature study. The result of the study showed that the judge imposes a sentence on the defendant is on accordance with the provisions of Article 183 to Article 193 section (1) of the Criminal Code Procedure by taking into account the legal evidence with the provisions of Article 184 section (1) of the Criminal Code Procedure and the defendant had fulfilled the elements of the Article 5 section (1) of Law Number 8 of 2010 concerning The Prevention and Eradication of The Crime of Money Laundering., so that the defendant is legally and convincingly proven according to the law to commit a crime of money launderingKeywords: Money Laundering; Participation; Judge’s Consideration; Defendant
BATASAN HAK PERLINDUNGAN BAGI PELAPOR, SAKSI, DAN/ATAU KORBAN ATAS KASUS TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI Zahra Putri Indah Sholihah
Verstek Vol 11, No 1: 2023
Publisher : Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jv.v11i1.70752

Abstract

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui batasan hak perlindungan bagi pelapor, saksi, dan/atau korban atas kasus tindak pidana korupsi berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2006 tentang Perlindungan Saksi dan Korban. Dan juga untuk mengetahui implementasi perlindungan terhadap pelapor, saksi, dan/atau korban yang diberikan oleh LPSK berdasarkan Kasus Nurhayati, pelapor dugaan kasus tindak pidana korupsi Kepala Desa Citemu, Mundu, Cirebon, Jawa Barat. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat preskriptif dan terapan dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan oleh penulis diperoleh bahwa batasan perlindungan hukum bagi pelapor, saksi, dan/atau korban terhadap kasus yang bersangkutan dengan dirinya dalam kasus Nurhayati, pelapor dugaan kasus tindak pidana korupsi Kepala Desa Citemu, Mundu, Cirebon, Jawa Barat adalah saksi, korban, saksi pelaku, dan/atau pelapor tidak dapat dituntut secara hukum pidana maupun perdata atas kesaksian dan/atau laporan yang akan, sedang, atau telah diberikannya, kecuali kesaksian atau laporan tersebut diberikan tidak dengan itikad baik.Kata Kunci: LPSK; Perlindungan; Pelapor, Saksi, dan/atau Korban; Tindak Pidana Korupsi.This article aims to determine the limits on the right to protection for reporters, witnesses and/or victims of corruption cases based on Law Number 31 of 2014 concerning Amendments to Law Number 13 of 2006 concerning Protection of Witnesses and Victims. And also to find out the implementation of protection for reporters, witnesses and/or victims provided by the LPSK based on the Nurhayati Case, the reporter of the alleged corruption case Head of Citemu Village, Mundu, Cirebon, West Java. This research method is normative legal research which is prescriptive and applied using statutory and case approaches. Based on the results of research that has been conducted by the author, it is found that the limits of legal protection for reporters, witnesses and/or victims of the cases concerned with him in the Nurhayati case, the reporter of the alleged corruption case Head of Citemu Village, Mundu, Cirebon, West Java, are witnesses , victims, witnesses, perpetrators, and/or reporters cannot be prosecuted under criminal or civil law for the testimony and/or report that will be, is being, or has been given, unless the testimony or report is not given in good faith.Keywords: Corruption Crim;e LPSK; Protection; Whistleblower, Witnesses, and/or Victim.
PENOLAKAN CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 19 SEBAGAI ALASAN FORCE MAJEURE DEBITUR WANPRESTASI (STUDI PUTUSAN NOMOR 28/PDT.G.S/2021/PN.DPS) Suci Ramadhani; Harjono Harjono
Verstek Vol 11, No 1: 2023
Publisher : Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/jv.v11i1.71258

Abstract

Abstract: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pandemi covid-19 sebagai alasan force majeure dalam perjanjian sewa ruang usaha dalam putusan nomor 28/Pdt.G.S/2021/PN.Dps. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan sifat deskriptif. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kasus (case study). Bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan. Teknik analisis bahan hukum yang digunakan adalah metode silogisme. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pandemi covid-19 tidak bisa dijadikan alasan debitur wanprestasi terhadap perjanjian sewa ruang usaha karena telah terjadi perubahan perjanjian sebelum debitur wanprestasi serta dalam perubahan perjanjian sewa ruang usaha tersebut tidak ada klausula yang mencantumkan covid-19 sebagai alasan force majeure debitur untuk tidak melaksanakan prestasinya. Debitur yang wanprestasi terhadap isi perjanjian sewa ruang usaha dengan menyertakan covid-19 sebagai alasan force majeure tidak bisa terbebas dari kewajibannya. Debitur tetap akan dikenai konsekensi yuridis akibat perbuatannya.Keywords: Force Majeure; Covid-19; Perjanjian Sewa Ruang Usaha; Wanprestasi Abstract: This study aims to identify and analyze the Covid-19 pandemic as a reason for force majeure in the business space rental agreement in decision number 28/Pdt.G.S/2021/PN.Dps. This research is a normative legal research with a descriptive nature. The approach used in this research is a case study. The legal materials used are primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. The legal material collection technique used is library research. The legal material analysis technique used is the syllogism method. The results of this study indicate that the Covid-19 pandemic cannot be used as an excuse for the debtor's default on the business space rental agreement because there has been a change in the agreement before the default debtor and in the change of the business space rental agreement there is no clause that includes Covid-19 as the reason for the debtor's force majeure not to carry out his achievements. Debtors who default on the contents of the business space rental agreement by including Covid-19 as a reason for force majeure cannot be released from their obligations. The debtor will still be subject to juridical consequences due to his actions.Keywords: Force Majeure; Covid-19; Business Space Lease Agreement; Default

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