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Jurnal Hukum Legalita
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi
ISSN : 14122480     EISSN : 27767248     DOI : https://doi.org/10.47637/legalita.v1i1.28
Core Subject : Social,
Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Jurnal Hukum Legalita (Legalita) (P-ISSN: 1412-2480 and E-ISSN: 2776-7248) is a journal that published since 2019 by the Department of Law in collaboration with LPPM, Muhammadiyah University Kotabumi. Legalita is intended to be the university’s journal for publishing articles reporting the results of the fields of criminal law, civil law, constitutional law, state administrative law, as well as discussing social phenomena that exist in society and building a culture of law awareness from the results of research. In addition, Legalita also includes a lot of research on law in a broader sense. The journal is published regularly (in July and December), and approved and ready-to-publish manuscripts will also be regularly published on the website (with an initial view). Journal Copyright Copyright of all journal manuscripts is held by the Journal Edukasi Lingua Sastra. Formal legal provisions to access digital articles of electronic journal are subject to the provision of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC-BY), which means that the Journal Edukasi Lingua Sastra is rightful to keep, transfer media/format, manage in the form of databases, maintain, and publish articles. Published manuscripts both printed and electronic are open access for educational, research, and library purposes. Additionally, the editorial board is not responsible for any violations of copyright law.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 152 Documents
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Tanggung Jawab Negara dan Korporasi dalam Pelanggaran HAM Struktural Geotermal Pulau Flores Bernadus Febriyanto; Hernadi Affandi
Legalita Vol 8 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Hukum Legalita
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47637/legalita.v8i1.2262

Abstract

The Flores Geothermal Island policy, established under Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources Decree No. 2268 K/30/MEM/2017, positions the region as a strategic national energy hub but has sparked intense conflict and strong opposition in various locations such as Poco Leok, Wae Sano, and Mataloko. This study aims to analyze the systematic forms of structural Human Rights (HR) violations occurring within the geothermal energy projects and to reconstruct the roles of the state and corporations based on environmental justice principles and international HR standards. Using a normative legal research method, this study finds that the state has failed to fulfill its core obligations to respect, protect, and fulfill the basic rights of indigenous peoples. This failure is manifested in the repeated disregard for the principle of Free, Prior, and Informed Consent (FPIC), violation of the right to a healthy environment, social fragmentation of indigenous communities, and the increasing criminalization of project opponents. A transformative role reconstruction requires the holistic fulfillment of the three pillars of David Schlosberg's environmental justice recognition, procedural, and distributive justice as well as strict corporate compliance with the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. In conclusion, the long-term sustainability of energy development in Flores can only be achieved by recognizing the sovereignty of indigenous peoples as legitimate subjects of development.
Pengawasan Partisipatif Pemilu dan Upaya Menjamin Hak-Hak Konstitusional Warga Negara Dani Amran Hakim; Arif Fikri; Rudi Santoso
Legalita Vol 8 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Hukum Legalita
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47637/legalita.v8i1.2266

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan pengawasan partisipatif dalam pemilu sebagai bagian integral dari pemenuhan hak konstitusional warga negara dalam sistem demokrasi. Pengawasan partisipatif dianggap penting untuk meningkatkan kualitas pemilu yang jujur, adil, dan demokratis, serta mendorong keterlibatan aktif masyarakat dalam seluruh tahapan pemilu. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian studi pustaka dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif. Penelitian ini menganalisis landasan hukum dan implementasi pengawasan partisipatif berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilihan Umum dan Peraturan Bawaslu Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 tentang Pengawasan Partisipatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelibatan masyarakat dalam pengawasan pemilu bukan hanya kebutuhan teknis kelembagaan, tetapi juga wujud nyata dari hak-hak konstitusional warga. Pengawasan partisipatif meliputi pendidikan pengawas, forum warga, pojok pengawasan, kerja sama dengan perguruan tinggi, kampung pengawasan dan melibatkan komunitas-komunitas di masyarakat. Hal ini adalah perwudujuan jaminan hak konstitusional warga yang diatur dalam Pasal 22E ayat (1), Pasal 27 ayat (1) dan Pasal 28E ayat (3) Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, yang menjamin bahwa terkait hak memilih, dipilih, dan berpartisipasi dalam pemerintahan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan perluasan program dan edukasi pengawasan partisipatif untuk memperkuat integritas dan akuntabilitas penyelenggaraan pemilu
Ambiguitas Pekerja Anak Siber: Menggugat Eksploitasi Kidfluencer pada Ekosistem Gig Economy di Indonesia Sayid Muhammad Rifki Noval
Legalita Vol 8 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Hukum Legalita
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47637/legalita.v8i1.2270

Abstract

This study falls within the disciplinary area of cyber law, labor law, and consumer protection law. It aims to analyze the legal void surrounding the commercial exploitation of kid influencers in the digital gig economy and propose a reconstructed legal protection regime in Indonesia. The selection of this topic is driven by the alarming rise of child monetization disguised as family documentation (sharenting), which leaves minors highly vulnerable to structural exploitation by parents, marketing agencies, and algorithmic platform designs. Employing a normative legal research methodology with statutory and conceptual approaches, the study hypothesizes that kid influencer activities fulfill the criteria of a disguised employment relationship that conventional legal frameworks fail to address. The main findings reveal a chronic regulatory paralysis, children are denied standard labor protections such as working hour limits, lack intellectual property rights over their digital creations, and possess no financial trust safeguards for their earnings. Furthermore, the prevalent practice of backdoor advertising severely violates consumer protection norms by manipulating public trust. The research contributes to the field by proposing a sui generis regulatory framework that mandates strict professional status recognition for child creators, compulsory income-safeguarding trusts, and transparent sponsorship disclosures. Ultimately, the significance of these conclusions lies in providing a robust legal foundation to dismantle modern digital slavery, hold platforms and parents legally accountable through restorative justice, and safeguard the fundamental human rights and future of children in the digital civilization.
Analysis of Criminal and Civil Legal Protection of Businesses in Digital Business Transactions against Cybercrime Threats: A Comparative Study between Cyberlaw Principles and Cybersecurity Regulations in Indonesia and the European Union Nanci Yosepin Simbolon; T. Saiful Basri; Kheriah
Legalita Vol 8 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Hukum Legalita
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47637/legalita.v8i1.2273

Abstract

This study examines how criminal and civil law protect businesses engaged in digital transactions from cybercrime, with a comparative focus on Indonesia and the European Union. The research adopts a normative juridical and comparative approach, analyzing statutory regulations, regulatory instruments, and scholarly literature on cyberlaw, cybersecurity, and data protection. In Indonesia, legal protection is still dominated by a punitive criminal law orientation through the ITE Law and related provisions, while civil remedies for business losses caused by cyber incidents remain fragmented and largely dependent on general tort and contract principles, leading to legal uncertainty for businesses. In contrast, the European Union has developed a more integrated framework through the GDPR, NIS2 Directive, and Digital Services Act, which combine criminal, civil, and administrative mechanisms, including strict compliance duties, data breach notification, joint and several liability, and strong supervisory structures. The findings show that the EU model embeds cybersecurity and data protection into corporate governance and risk management, whereas Indonesia is still in a transitional phase toward a more coherent system. The study concludes that Indonesia can strengthen legal protection for businesses by reinforcing civil and administrative liability, clarifying multi‑party responsibility in digital ecosystems, adopting risk‑based and governance‑oriented regulatory principles, and improving institutional coordination in the enforcement of cyberlaw and cybersecurity regulations.
Implikasi Hukum Pembatalan Akta Pernyataan Para Pemegang Saham di Luar Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham: (Studi Putusan No. 46/Pdt.G/2023/PN Cbi) Zieky Dhirga Satrio; Isdiyana Kusuma Ayu
Legalita Vol 8 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Hukum Legalita
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47637/legalita.v8i1.2297

Abstract

This research examines the legal implications of the annulment of the Deed of Statement of Shareholders’ Resolutions Outside the General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS) drawn up by a notary, with a case study of the Cibinong District Court Decision Number 46/Pdt.G/2023/PN Cbi. The main issues addressed in this study include: the ratio decidendi of the panel of judges in Decision Number 46/Pdt.G/2023/PN Cbi concerning the annulment of the Deed of Statement of Shareholders’ Resolutions Outside the GMS; and the legal implications for the notary arising from the annulment of the Deed of Statement of Shareholders’ Resolutions Outside the GMS in the said decision. This research employs a normative legal research method using statutory and case approaches. Legal materials were obtained through library research and analysis of the Limited Liability Company Law, the Notary Office Law, and relevant court decisions. The study applies descriptive and prescriptive analysis to evaluate the legality of the deed’s preparation and the consequences of its annulment. The findings show that the annulment of the Deed of Statement of Shareholders’ Resolutions Outside the General Meeting of Shareholders (GMS) resulted from the failure to fulfill formal and substantive requirements of an authentic deed. The deed was not read before the appearers and did not reflect the shareholders’ true intention, thereby violating statutory provisions and the principle of authenticity. Consequently, the deed lost its evidentiary force and may result in administrative, civil, and potential criminal liability for the notary.
Overkapasitas Hunian dan Perlindungan Hak Narapidana di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas IIB Langsa Afriliani; Andi Rachmad
Legalita Vol 8 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Hukum Legalita
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47637/legalita.v8i1.2299

Abstract

Penelitian ini secara khusus menelaah Lembaga bagaimana kondisi kepadatan penduduk di Lapas Kelas IIB Langsa mempengaruhi-hak dasar pembaruan hak yang dijamin oleh UU No. 22 Tahun 2022 dan PP No. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan hukum empiris dengan metode kualitatif-deskriptif melalui observasi langsung, wawancara mendalam dengan uskup, pejabat lapas, tenaga kesehatan, keluarga memberi, dan LSM, serta studi dokumen resmi termasuk data SDP Publik 2025. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelebihan kapasitas di Pemasyarakatan Kelas IIB Langsa menyebabkan kondisi tempat tinggal yang sempit, risiko penyebaran penyakit kulit yang lebih tinggi, dan beban administrasi yang berat. Dampak ini terutama mempengaruhi pengelolaan pembangunan yang harus dilakukan secara bertahap karena keterbatasan sumber daya dan sumber daya. Kepadatan penduduk yang berlebihan berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan stres, gangguan tidur, serta ketegangan emosional dan ketidaknyamanan akibat kondisi tempat tinggal yang sempit. Meskipun demikian, hak-hak dasar yang ditetapkan sebagaimana ditetapkan dalam Undang-Undang Pemasyarakatan, terutama hak atas makanan dan perawatan kesehatan, relatif terjamin dengan baik melalui upaya dan kebijakan internal lembaga pemasyarakatan. Upaya mitigasi yang dilakukan pihak lapas, seperti penjadwalan kegiatan pelatihan secara bergilir, penataan ulang blok perumahan, optimalisasi layanan kesehatan, serta kerja sama dengan pemerintah daerah, menunjukkan respon institusional yang positif, namun masih belum mampu menjawab akar permasalahan. overkapasitas pada dasarnya merupakan masalah struktural yang terkait erat dengan kebijakan pemidanaan, keterbatasan anggaran, dan minimnya pembangunan sarana pemasyarakatan.
Analisis Persengketaan Tanah Wakaf Belum Tersertifikasi di KUA Wonosobo Terhadap Ketidaksesuaian UU No. 41 Tahun 2004 Fenty Nur Hidayah; Rofi Wahanisa
Legalita Vol 8 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Hukum Legalita
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47637/legalita.v8i1.2313

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis ketidaksesuaian prosedur penanganan persengketaan tanah wakaf yang belum tersertifikasi di Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) Wonosobo terhadap ketentuan Pasal 37 Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 tentang Wakaf. Latar belakang penelitian didasarkan pada masih dominannya praktik pengelolaan wakaf tanpa registrasi formal dan verifikasi nazhir yang memadai, sehingga menimbulkan kerentanan yuridis dan konflik horizontal di masyarakat. Urgensi penulisan terletak pada kebutuhan penguatan supremasi hukum agraria wakaf sebagai rezim hukum khusus guna menjamin keberlanjutan fungsi sosial wakaf. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketidakterpaduan koordinasi antara KUA, Badan Wakaf Indonesia, dan Badan Pertanahan Nasional menyebabkan potensi nullitas pengelolaan nazhir, risiko pidana sebagaimana Pasal 67 UU Wakaf, serta disintegrasi aset wakaf. Kondisi ini melemahkan kepastian hukum sebagaimana dikemukakan Gustav Radbruch dan tujuan kemanfaatan hukum menurut Roscoe Pound, serta bertentangan dengan Pasal 33 ayat (3) UUD 1945. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan perlunya percepatan sertipikasi massal, penguatan kapasitas nazhir, mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa bertahap, dan reformasi koordinasi tripartit sebagai kebaruan temuan untuk memperkuat tata kelola wakaf.
URGENSI PENYUSUNAN REGULASI TEKNOLOGI FINANSIAL (IUS CONSTITUENDUM) SEBAGAI INSTRUMEN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI KONSUMEN Muhammad Rafi Mubarak Rafi
Legalita Vol 8 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Hukum Legalita
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47637/legalita.v8i1.2322

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the urgency of regulating financial technology (Ius constituendum) in providing legal protection for consumers, including legal safeguards when consumers suffer losses while using financial technology services that are not yet governed by specific regulations. This research is a type of normative legal research, also known as theoretical legal research, as it does not examine the direct implementation or enforcement of the law. Normative legal research is library-based and relies on secondary data as its primary source. The objective of this study is to identify and reveal the urgency of enacting a law on Financial Technology to provide legal protection for consumers in the current digital era. The results indicate that establishing specific fintech regulations (Ius constituendum) is crucial for providing comprehensive legal protection for consumers. The rapid development of fintech services has created new forms of transactions that are not yet fully regulated, resulting in legal gaps and uncertainty. Currently, legal protection for consumers still refers to general provisions, such as the Consumer Protection Law, banking regulations, and the support of Bank Indonesia Regulations (PBI) and OJK Regulations (POJK) as lex specialis in regulating the technical and operational aspects of fintech. This study recommends that the government and legislators promptly formulate specific fintech regulations to accommodate the development of financial technology and ensure legal protection for consumers, including licensing, supervision, data privacy protection, and dispute resolution mechanisms. Clear delineation of authority among supervisory institutions is also necessary to prevent regulatory overlap.
Kepastian Hukum Dan Keadilan Dalam Penerapan Restorative Justice Pada Tahap Persidangan Pidana bagus erlangga
Legalita Vol 8 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Hukum Legalita
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47637/legalita.v8i1.2325

Abstract

This study examines the application of restorative justice in criminal trials, focusing on the tension between legal certainty and substantive justice within the Indonesian criminal justice system. This study is motivated by developments in modern criminal legal thought that position restorative justice as a progressive alternative to the retributive approach, which tends to disregard the interests of victims. The objective of this study is to analyze the guarantee of legal certainty in the application of restorative justice during the trial phase and to assess the extent to which its implementation has fulfilled the principles of justice for both victims and offenders. This study employs a normative legal methodology with a qualitative approach, utilizing legislative, conceptual, and philosophical perspectives. Data sources consist of primary legal materials in the form of legislation, as well as secondary legal materials in the form of scientific literature and previous research findings. The research hypothesis states that although restorative justice has the potential to realize substantive justice, its application in court proceedings is not yet supported by adequate legal certainty due to regulatory fragmentation and the absence of clear procedural guidelines. The research findings indicate that restorative justice has not yet been systematically integrated into the trial process, leading to inconsistencies in judicial practice and reliance on judicial discretion. Although this approach offers a more humanistic and participatory model of justice, there is a risk of pressure on victims as well as the potential for inconsistencies in the application of the law. This study contributes to the development of criminal law by emphasizing the importance of harmonizing regulations and establishing a clear legal framework to balance legal certainty and substantive justice. The significance of this study lies in its efforts to promote policy reform and strengthen the legitimacy of restorative justice within the formal criminal justice system.
Kedudukan Hukum Putusan Arbitrase dalam Sengketa Kontrak Pengadaan Barang/Jasa Pemerintah terhadap Asas Kepentingan Umum Pimal Ibrahim; Muhtadi; Kasmawati
Legalita Vol 8 No 1 (2026): Jurnal Hukum Legalita
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Kotabumi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47637/legalita.v8i1.2330

Abstract

This research examines the legal standing of arbitration awards in government goods and services procurement (PBJP) contract disputes, which often conflict with the principle of public interest and state asset immunity. The topic is chosen due to the “execution stagnation” phenomenon where government agencies frequently evade arbitration awards by citing the prohibition of state asset seizure. This study aims to analyze the executorial power of final and binding arbitration awards and to formulate regulatory synchronization between civil law and state financial law regimes. The methodology employed is normative legal research with statutory and conceptual approaches. The primary findings indicate that while arbitration awards are normatively binding, Article 50 of Law No. 1/2004 concerning the State Treasury often acts as a technical barrier that undermines legal certainty for providers. This research contributes by proposing a reconstruction of dispute payment mechanisms through contingency funds within the Budget Implementation List (DIPA) to avoid physical asset seizure. The study concludes that the protection of state assets must not negate contractual justice; regulatory synchronization is essential to maintain the investment climate and public trust in the national procurement system.

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