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International Journal of Literature and Language Studies
ISSN : 28286235     EISSN : 28286235     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education,
The mission of the International Journal of Literature and Language Studies (IJLLS) is to provide readers with the development of language studies in linguistics and literature. In addition to manuscripts that center on the study, we welcome manuscripts on a wide range of topics relating to the technology used for language development, cultural impact on languages, computational linguistics, and philosophy of language. IJLLS publishes scholarly conceptual, theoretical, and empirical manuscripts on the study of language and focused on literature and linguistic analysis and development. Submissions to the journal should be readable and understandable by a wide audience. Manuscripts should therefore also focus on analysis or illustration of the issues covered, rather than merely providing a mathematical or technical coverage, which would be more suitable for a specialist journal. All manuscripts are submitted and reviewed electronically. We provide our published authors with both a quality publication and the widespread readership that comes from publishing all manuscripts online within a few weeks of acceptance. This approach ensures that published works are read and cited by the widest possible audience.
Articles 667 Documents
METHODOLOGICAL INCONSISTENCIES OF THERMOELASTICITY EQUATIONS: SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS AND PROOF Jo‘raqulov Siyovush Baxodir o‘g‘li
International Journal of Literature and Language Studies Vol. 5 No. 6 (2026): International Journal of Literature and Language Studies
Publisher : International Journal of Literature and Language Studies

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Abstract

This research presents a profound methodological and scientific-critical appraisal of the fundamental logical and mathematical foundations of a scientific work published in the journal “EUREKA: Physics and Engineering”. As a result of a comprehensive analysis, seven (7) fundamental methodological errors that contradict the classical principles of continuum mechanics and the theory of thermoelasticity were identified and proven within the considered model: (A1) incorrect choice of primary state variables (unknowns) in continuum dynamics; (A2) misinterpretation of Saint-Venant’s kinematic compatibility equations as governing dynamic equations for the internal state of a body; (A3) unjustified reformulation of classical equilibrium equations without prior assurance of the integrability of the displacement field; (A4) strictly erroneous inclusion of the temperature effect into compatibility conditions that are purely geometric in nature; (A5) the physical and mathematical impossibility of specifying strain components as arbitrary functions on boundary surfaces (rendering the problem ill-posed); (A6) a linear contradiction in the ratio of unknowns to differential relations, leading to an overdetermined system; (A7) the artificial introduction of unjustified Poisson-type equations that do not stem from classical model principles. In this paper, each methodological deficiency is fully exposed through rigorous component-wise differentiation, precise analytical counterexamples, and reliance on classical fundamental literature. According to the findings of this appraisal, the mathematical structure of the analyzed model violates the most sacred principles of continuum mechanics; hence, the numerical results and scientific conclusions presented therein must be considered physically unreliable.
OPTIMIZATION OF HYDROCHEMICAL PRECIPITATION PROCESSES FOR THE SELECTIVE RECOVERY OF HIGH-PURITY NICKEL (II) FROM METALLURGICAL TECHNOGENIC SOLUTIONS Abdullayeva Nigina Abdulhakimovna,Mirzakhmedov Rustamjon Mirxamidovich,Abduqahharova Nilufar Ikrom q
International Journal of Literature and Language Studies Vol. 5 No. 6 (2026): International Journal of Literature and Language Studies
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Abstract

This research focuses on the optimization of the hydrochemical precipitation process to selectively recover high-purity nickel (II) from complex multicomponent technogenic solutions generated at the "Almalyk MMC" JSC. Following the sequential extraction of copper and cobalt, the remaining nickel-bearing liquor was systematically treated using sodium hydrogen phosphate (Na2HPO4) in a controlled acetic acid (CH3COOH)buffer system. Experimental trials were conducted to evaluate the influence of pH, temperature, reaction kinetics, and stoichiometric reagent ratios on the crystallization efficiency of nickel phosphate (Ni3(PO4)2 The optimal process parameters were established at a pH range of 4.5–5.0, a temperature spectrum of 20–25°C, and a precipitation duration of 10–15 minutes, resulting in a distinct green crystalline matrix. The structural configuration, chemical purity, and crystalline phase variations of the recovered nickel precipitates were comprehensively validated using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Spectrolab M10 optical emission profiling. The developed hydrochemical framework offers a high-selectivity, low-energy, and environmentally sustainable technological pathway for the production of industrial-grade nickel salts from secondary metallurgical waste streams.Keywords: Nickel precipitation; Chemical technology; Hydrochemistry; Crystalline phase; ICP-OES; Waste valorization.
THE ROLE OF PRELIMINARY HEARINGS IN JAPANESE COURTS. Sadriddinzoda Sitora Shakhobiddinovna
International Journal of Literature and Language Studies Vol. 5 No. 6 (2026): International Journal of Literature and Language Studies
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Abstract

This article discusses the legal document adopted for the introduction of the institution of preliminary hearings in Japan, the significance of this document in the practice of administrative courts, as well as the procedure for conducting preliminary hearings in administrative courts of this country. Also, the general aspects of the application of the initial institute in foreign countries and some important cases in judicial practice are highlighted, foreign and national legislation is comparatively studied, and information on the relevance of introducing this institute into our judicial practice is included.
THE ROLE OF FOLK ORAL LITERATURE SAMPLES IN DEVELOPING COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE LESSONS Maxsumova Maftuna Zoirjonovna
International Journal of Literature and Language Studies Vol. 5 No. 6 (2026): International Journal of Literature and Language Studies
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This article provides a theoretical analysis of the role of folk oral literature samples in developing communicative competence among learners in English language lessons. The study examines the relationship between the structural components of communicative competence – linguistic, socio-cultural, discursive, and strategic – and the pedagogical potential of folk oral literature. The research draws on theoretical sources in linguodidactics, folklore studies, and communicative language teaching methodology. The findings indicate that the application of folklore genres such as folk tales, proverbs, riddles, and epics in English language lessons simultaneously promotes learners’ speech activity, intercultural communication skills, and national self-awareness.
HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF THE STATE OF MINERAL SUPPLY IN THE BODY OF MEDICAL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS Khaydarov Shovkatjon Madaminjon ugli; Buriboyev Eldar Mamurjonovich; Khakberdiev Khusan Rakhmatulloevich
International Journal of Literature and Language Studies Vol. 5 No. 6 (2026): International Journal of Literature and Language Studies
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Abstract

The relevance of the problem. The normal growth, development, metabolism, immune system function, blood formation, stability of the musculoskeletal system, and normal functioning of the nervous system of the human body are directly dependent on an adequate level of mineral substances. Mineral balance is especially important in the bodies of student youth, as during this period the body is influenced by factors such as high mental load, psycho-emotional tension, irregular eating, sleep disorders, and decreased physical activity. Medical university students spend a lot of time on theoretical and practical classes during their studies. Their daily routines are often packed, and their ability to eat regular and balanced meals may be limited. As a result, it is observed that macro- and microelements necessary for the body do not enter the body in sufficient quantities. In particular, a deficiency of elements such as iron, zinc, potassium, magnesium, calcium, and copper can negatively affect students' general health, work capacity, concentration levels, immunity, and academic performance. Iron deficiency leads to anemia, weakness, dizziness, fatigue, and a decrease in mental activity. Zinc deficiency negatively affects the functioning of the immune system, the state of the skin and mucous membranes, cell regeneration, and enzymatic processes. Potassium and magnesium deficiency can cause disorders in the cardiovascular system, neuromuscular conduction, muscle contraction, and general metabolic processes. From this perspective, determining the amount of mineral substances in the bodies of medical university students, comparing them with physiological norms, and assessing existing deficiencies is of great scientific and practical importance.
DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF DEVELOPING CRITICAL AND LOGICAL THINKING IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING Aripova Ulbosin Muxametkarim qizi
International Journal of Literature and Language Studies Vol. 5 No. 6 (2026): International Journal of Literature and Language Studies
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The development of critical and logical thinking has become one of the key objectives of contemporary education, particularly in the context of foreign language teaching. These cognitive skills enable learners to analyze information, evaluate arguments, solve problems, make informed decisions, and actively participate in academic and social communication. This article examines the distinctive pedagogical, psychological, methodological, cultural, and linguistic features of developing critical and logical thinking in English language teaching. The study analyzes theoretical perspectives and research findings of national and international scholars regarding the integration of critical thinking into language education. Special attention is given to learner-centered, interactive, and problem-based teaching approaches that foster higher-order thinking skills.
RELIGIOUS TOLERANCE IN ISLAM Sherzodjon Umaraliyev
International Journal of Literature and Language Studies Vol. 5 No. 6 (2026): International Journal of Literature and Language Studies
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This article analyzes the manifestation of the principles of religious tolerance within the primary sources of Islam—namely, the Quran and the Hadith. It explores historical exemplars of tolerance demonstrated during the life and prophetic mission of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), as well as the governance, decisions, and daily practices established by the Companions (Sahaba) and the Successors (Tabi'un). Furthermore, the paper provides a theological and legal analysis of contemporary fatwas governing peaceful coexistence and solidarity with non-Muslims in shared societies.
AI-BASED MECHANISMS FOR ASSESSING ACADEMIC READING STRATEGIES IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS Irgasheva Madina Irgashovna
International Journal of Literature and Language Studies Vol. 5 No. 6 (2026): International Journal of Literature and Language Studies
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Abstract

The rapid integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into higher education has transformed traditional approaches to teaching, learning, and assessment. Among the essential academic competencies required for university students, academic reading plays a fundamental role in developing critical thinking, information processing, and knowledge construction skills. However, conventional assessment methods often fail to provide comprehensive and individualized evaluations of students’ academic reading strategies. This study explores AI-based mechanisms for assessing academic reading strategies in higher education institutions. The article examines the theoretical foundations of academic reading assessment, analyzes the capabilities of AI technologies in monitoring students’ reading behavior, and identifies key mechanisms that support adaptive assessment processes. The findings indicate that AI-powered assessment systems can provide real-time feedback, track cognitive and metacognitive reading strategies, generate personalized recommendations, and facilitate data-driven instructional decisions. Furthermore, AI-based assessment contributes to improving learner autonomy, reading comprehension, and academic performance. The study concludes that the effective integration of artificial intelligence into academic reading assessment can enhance the quality and objectivity of educational evaluation while supporting personalized learning environments in higher education.
LEXICAL LAYER MASTERED IN THE UZBEK DIALECTS OF QARLUQ TYPE Yakubov Sadigjon Latif ugli
International Journal of Literature and Language Studies Vol. 5 No. 5 (2026): International Journal of Literature and Language Studies
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This article analyzes the formation, composition and linguistic features of the acquired lexical layer in the old Uzbek dialects. The study covered the level of use, semantic features and territorial distribution of words borrowed from Arabic, Persian-Tajik, Russian and other languages found in the lexicon of qarluq dialects. The role of absorption units in sheva's dictionary structure, their phonetic and semantic adaptation processes, and their interaction with local lexical units have also been considered. As a result of the analysis, it is based on the fact that the acquired layer is one of the important sources in the enrichment of the lexicon of the old-type Uzbek dialects, the assimilation of which manifests itself as an important linguistic phenomenon reflecting the historical progress of the dialects and language ties.
LEXICAL-SEMANTIC GROUPS OF THE LEXICON OF KARLUK-TYPE UZBEK DIALECTS Yakubov Sadigjon Latif ugli
International Journal of Literature and Language Studies Vol. 5 No. 5 (2026): International Journal of Literature and Language Studies
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This article provides a systematic analysis of the lexical-semantic groups of the lexicon of Karluk-type Uzbek dialects. The study classifies the vocabulary found in dialects belonging to the Karluk dialect system according to their meanings and identifies their semantic fields. Based on the thematic classification of lexical units, groups related to everyday life, natural phenomena, human activities, social relations, and cultural-ethnographic layers are examined separately. In addition, the historical development of dialect vocabulary and its relation to other Turkic languages are briefly discussed. The results of the study contribute to a deeper understanding of the lexical-semantic system of Karluk-type Uzbek dialects, the identification of their areal features, and the development of Uzbek dialectology.

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