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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Cancer
Published by National Cancer Center-Dharmais Cancer Hospital
ISSN : 19783744     EISSN : 23556811     DOI : https://www.doi.org/ 10.33371
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Indonesian Journal of Cancer is a peer-reviewed and open-access journal. This journal is published quarterly (in March, June, September, and December) by Dharmais Cancer Hospital - National Cancer Center. Submissions are reviewed under a broad scope of topics relevant to experimental and clinical cancer research. Articles are original research that needs to be disseminated and written in English. All submitted manuscripts will go through the double-blind peer review and editorial review before being granted acceptance for publication. The journal publishes original research articles, case reports, and review articles under the following categories: cancer management, cancer prevention, cancer etiology, epidemiology, molecular oncology, cancer diagnosis and therapy, tumor pathology, surgical oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, interventional radiology, as well as early detection.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Onkologi
Articles 22 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 18, No 3 (2024): September" : 22 Documents clear
IInduction of G2/M Phase Block and Apoptosis by Kaempferol in Human Sarcoma Cells Ishiki, Manabu; Yoshii, Miho; Kanamori, Masahiko
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 18, No 3 (2024): September
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v18i3.1147

Abstract

malignant cells has interested us to seek new strategies for the treatment of sarcoma. Flavonoids have been recently claimed to exert anti-cancer effects. We focused on the flavonoid kaempferol, to determine whether it induces apoptosis of sarcoma cells in vitro. Methods: We examined cell growth using a CCK-8 assay, morphology, cell cycle analysis, and the apoptosis or differentiation effects of kaempferol on cultured human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells. All experiments were performed at least three times in duplicates. The ANOVA and independent sample t-test were used for the comparison of the continuous variables Results: Kaempferol (50 μM), adversely affected the proliferation of MG-63 cells. Anti-proliferative action of kaempferol appeared to be linked to apoptotic cell death based on the morphological changes depicting nuclear fragmentation. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated the induction of G2/M phase arrest and an enhanced sub-G1 population. However, the intracellular alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was observed to have been stimulated. This apoptosis might be associated with cell differentiation of the cells in the early stage. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that kaempferol inhibited the growth of MG-63 cells in vitro. G2/M phase arrest and induction of intracellular ALP activities in the early phase are observed. These findings indicate that kaempferol may present as an additional pharmacological tool for the treatment of human sarcoma cells. 
Characterization of Classic Meningioma with Use of Conventional Magnetic Resonance and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Fatmawati, Heni; Adji, Novan Krisno; Bumi, Candra; Putri, Komang Yunita Wiryaning
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 18, No 3 (2024): September
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v18i3.1133

Abstract

Introduction: The conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method is widely considered ‘with limited success’ in differentiating the meningioma types but may fail to localize the tumor occupation of white-matter fiber bundles accurately. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is considered as an imaging modality that may elucidate the microstructure of brain tumors. We provide characteristics of meningioma using DTI-based-three-dimensional tracing of white matter to portray meningioma in a noninvasive approach and its structural contact to contiguous tumors and elucidate the influence of occupying lesions on white-matter fiber bundles. Case Presentation: A 28-year-old female presented with visuospatial disturbances and persistent headaches for 2 years. Conventional and advanced MRI studies were performed. Diffusion-weighted Images (DWI) and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) values were measured in the lesion using routine MRI sequences. Advanced MRI using DTI was also performed. Conventional MRI outcomes showed tumor parenchyma, peritumoral edema, and compression on the circumnavigated brain tissue. There was hyperintense on DW trace image and isointense on ADC map. On T2-weighted image (T2WI) and Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) images, there was an increased signal intensity that demonstrated an extra-axial lesion, while T1-weighted imaging signals showed hypointensity. DTI fractional anisotropy (FA) marker is an unclear optic radiation in the concerned area, indicating the shift or destruction of the optic radiation. The mean FA values of solid-enhancing areas of meningioma were 0.28 ± 0.17. Mean ADC values (103 mm2/s) were 0.764 ± 0.172. Conclusions: Classic meningioma in this case has low intratumoral FA and high ADC. DTI displayed that intratumoral microscopic water motion is disorganized.
The Association of Circumcision and Genitourinary Cancer, Especially Penile Cancer and Prostate Cancer: A 30-Year Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Surya, Prima Ardiansah; Putratama, Alfin; Surya, Radika Naufal Hadi; Ananda, Gede Yogi Prema
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 18, No 3 (2024): September
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v18i3.1123

Abstract

Background: The relationship between genitourinary cancer and circumcision has been debated for a long time. Two types of genitourinary cancer that are often discussed in relation to circumcision are penile cancer and prostate cancer. Methods: A systematic review was conducted on the Science Direct database and Perish with the following databases: Pubmed, Google Scholar, and Crossref. Case-control studies were assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was performed on penile cancer in situ, invasive penile cancer, and prostate cancer. Meta-analysis of proportions was carried out on penile cancer. Results: 10 studies were analyzed for penile cancer and prostate cancer, and 9 studies were analyzed for penile cancer proportion. Total OR in circumcision and penile cancer in situ (OR = 0.90; 95% CI 0.48–1.69; p = 0.74). Total OR in circumcision and invasive penile cancer (OR = 1.04; 95% CI 0.27–3.94; p = 0.95). Total OR in circumcision and prostate cancer (OR = 0.97; 95% CI 0.79–1.19; p = 0.78). The uncircumcised proportion among penile cancer cases (0.82; 95% CI 0.60–0.97). Conclusions: There was no significant relationship between circumcision and genitourinary cancer. Malignant cells in penile cancer and prostate cancer occur due to a chronic inflammatory process.
The Role of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients: A Literature Review Giselvania, Angela; Sekarutami, Sri Mutya; Munandar, Arie; Halim, Devina Adella; Wijovi, Felix
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 18, No 3 (2024): September
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v18i3.1190

Abstract

Background: Globally, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent kind of primary liver cancer. Treatment options for HCC include radiotherapy, immunotherapy, surgery, targeted therapy, transarterial chemoembolization, and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy. Limited efficacy was observed since 70-80% of cases are diagnosed late and unresectable. Growing evidence reported that SBRT is a viable option for locoregional treatments like radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) for patients who did not respond to those treatments. Methods: A thorough search of electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase was conducted for studies on Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma published in English over the past 10 years. The review process followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to ensure a systematic approach. Inclusion criteria encompassed studies focusing on SBRT use in HCC treatment, with extracted data synthesized to provide a comprehensive overview of current evidence. Any discrepancies during the review were resolved through consultation with a third reviewer when necessary. Results: In comparison to conventional radiation therapy, Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) offers precise administration of the high dose of radiotherapy, given in fewer fractions, and may be used in conjunction with other therapy modalities. Global guidelines, including in Indonesia, have proposed the implementation of SBRT. Local control was reportedly achieved in around 90–95% of HCC patients. Multimodal therapies, combined with TACE, showed superior results regarding the local control and overall survival. SBRT may eventually become the definitive treatment for early-stage HCC patients and has a critical role as a transitional therapy for patients awaiting liver transplantation. Improved outcomes and quality of life were also observed in patients with portal vein thrombosis (PVT) and extrahepatic metastases who underwent SBRT. Conclusions: SBRT results in promising local control, raises overall survival, and improves the quality of life in HCC patients with various stages.
The Correlation of PD-L1 Overexpression With Tumor Budding In Cervical Carcinoma Lestari, Desak Putu Oki; Analysa, Analysa; Armerinayanti, Ni Wayan; Riasa, I Nyoman Putu; Artha, I Gusti Alit
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 18, No 3 (2024): September
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v18i3.1103

Abstract

Background: Several studies have proven the relationship between PD-L1, which is known as an immunotherapy target, and poor prognosis. The presence of a tumor budding (TB) group tumor outside the main tumor is also associated with a poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between PD-L1 and the grade of TB in cervical carcinoma. Methods: The design of this research is a case-control study with a retrospective approach. The sample is from a paraffin block of the primary cervical cancer tumor from the results of surgery in Balimed Denpasar Hospital between 2020 and 2023. From the statistical formula for the case-control study, a minimum sample of 15 is obtained for the case group with the criteria of high-grade TB, while 15 people were in the control group with low-grade TB. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) PD-L1 is positive if the membrane or cytoplasm is brown, and is negative if there is no brown color on the membrane or cytoplasm. Inferential statistics were used to evaluate the relationship between PD-L1 overexpression and low- and high-grade TB in cervical carcinoma using a chi-square test. Results: The results of this research revealed (p = 0.273) that there was no correlation between PD-L1 expression and high- and low-grade TB. Overexpression of PD-L1 was associated with a 2.250-fold increased risk of high-grade TB (OR = 2.250 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.103–1.915). Conclusions: The severity of TB does not correlate with PD-L1 expression. The functions of PD-L1 and other variables in the carcinogenesis of TB development are the cause of this weak association.
Exogenous Reactive Oxygen Species Augments SMAD4 Expression And TGF-β Paradox in Human Breast Cancer Roy, Avany Vinod; Padmanabhan, Renjini Ambika; Ramachandran, Rajesh
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 18, No 3 (2024): September
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v18i3.1179

Abstract

Background: The Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) functions to induce apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and differentiation is central to sustaining tissue homeostasis and maintaining genomic stability. TGF-β normally, an effective tumor-suppressor that restricts the uncontrolled division of cells augments the development and progression of human malignancies when cytostatic activities of TGF-β are resisted by genetic and epigenetic events caused by tumorigenesis. This dichotomic nature of TGF-β during oncogenesis termed as “TGF-β Paradox,” persists to be the most crucial and puzzling query regarding its physio-pathological function and the role of cellular antioxidant status is highly interrelated which warrants more studies on the role of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) in deciding epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. The objective of the study was to check whether enhanced ROS augments the TGF-β pathway facilitating EMT. Methods: In vitro toxicity assay was performed to assess the appropriate concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) imparting oxidative stress. Comet assay and   8-OHdG (8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to check the extent of DNA damage and adduct production respectively. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 ELISA and mRNA gene expression analysis of TGF-β and SMAD were done to verify the effect of H2O2 on these signaling. Results: The objective of the study was to check whether enhanced ROS augments the TGF-β pathway facilitating EMT. Along with morphological alterations, a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability was seen at 300µM of H2O2 compared to 75µM. DCFDA labeling discovered the dose-dependent gradation of intracellular ROS generation and this was correlated to increased cellular DNA damage and DNA adduct production which was increased linearly with increasing H2O2 as evident with comet test and 8-OHdG ELISA. Significantly reduced MAPK p38 activity revealed by indirect ELISA analysis suggests lessened suppression of cell growth. Conclusions: The study establishes that higher intracellular ROS will facilitate the TGF-β paradox leading to epithelial mesenchymal transition which can adversely affect therapeutic strategies targeting EMT 
The Role of Biphosphonate and Denosumab in Bone Metastasis Cahyanur, Rahmat; Pravita, Aravinda
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 18, No 3 (2024): September
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v18i3.1177

Abstract

Metastasis is a major contributor to cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Bone metastasis is prevalent and associated with pain and fractures, particularly in breast cancer where up to 80% of patients may be affected. Bisphosphonates, traditional anti-resorptive drugs, have been crucial in managing bone metastatic cancers. This article reviews the pathophysiology of bone metastasis, focusing on the invasion-metastasis cascade and the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The formation of metastatic tissue in bones involves disrupting the balance of the bone remodeling process. The study delves into the three generations of bisphosphonates, elucidating their structural differences and mechanisms of action. First-generation bisphosphonates, such as etidronate and clodronate, lack nitrogen and interfere with cellular processes. Second-generation bisphosphonates, including alendronate and pamidronate, bind to nitrogen and inhibit farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) in the mevalonate pathway. Third-generation bisphosphonates like risedronate and zoledronate have a heterogeneous nitrogenous chain, enhancing anti-resorptive activity. Denosumab's distinct pharmacokinetics and potential risks upon discontinuation are discussed. The article emphasizes the need for clinicians to be vigilant about potential adverse effects, especially kidney toxicity with bisphosphonates, and to tailor treatment based on individual patient characteristics.
Identification of CDH4 Gene Copy Number Alteration and Its Association with Clinical Profile of Colorectal Cancer Patient Ayu Dewi, Ni Nyoman; Rompis, Andreliano Yosua; Mulyawan, I Made; Ekawati, Ni Putu; Sun, H Sunny
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 18, No 3 (2024): September
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v18i3.1135

Abstract

Background: The genes cadherin 4 (CDH4), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), V-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF), and microsatellite instability (MSI) each play a role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). CDH4 gene is located in chromosome 20q13.33 and its amplification or gain is the earliest mutational event found in the majority of CRC and colon polyps. This study aimed to identify copy number alteration in the CDH4 gene and its association with the clinical profile of CRC patients, including gender, age, tumor location and differentiation, frequency of BRAF and KRAS mutations, and MSI status. Methods: The DNA was extracted from 50 tumors and adjacent normal tissues based on the manufacturer’s instructions. Detection of MSI status was carried out by pentaplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR products were size separated by capillary electrophoresis (CE) using an ABI 310 Genetic Analyzer. Both KRAS and BRAF mutations were identified by PCR and sequencing while CDH4 copy measurement was measured using TaqManTM Copy Number Assay. Results: Our findings showed 22 (44%) samples with no changes in the copy number of CDH4 gene. Interestingly, 21 (42%) cases had an amplification of the CDH4 gene or CDH4 gene gain, and seven (14%)  cases decreased in CDH4 gene expression or CDH4 gene loss. We found an association between changes in the CDH4 gene and gender (p=0.001). However, there was no association between changes in the CDH4 gene and age (p=0.979), tumor location (p=0.145) and differentiation (p=0.648), the frequency of BRAF (p=0.171) and KRAS mutations (p=0.184) and MSI status (p=0.923). Conclusions: Copy number alteration in CDH4 gene in CRC patients and this alteration is significantly associated with gender. Further studies with a larger number of samples are essential to confirm this result and to identify the cause of CDH4 copy number alteration and its biological significance.
Marginal Excision as a Surgical Treatment for The Schwannoma of Posterior Aspect of Femur: A Case Report Raditya, Risang Haryo; Wiratnaya, I Gede Eka
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 18, No 3 (2024): September
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v18i3.1151

Abstract

Introduction: Schwannoma is a benign nerve sheath neoplasm attached to a peripheral nerve that often develops in the middle-aged population. It usually presents as an asymptomatic mass at first but can be transformed into a pain, swelling, neurologic, or mechanical symptom in several patients. In this study, we are reporting a case of a schwannoma of the posterior aspect of the thigh, in a young adult male. Case Presentation: We reported a 31-year-old male complained of sharp pain, tingling sensation, and mechanical block in the posterior aspect of the right thigh. Radiological imaging showed the tumor of the posterior aspect of the right thigh, with associated soft tissue edema, the cortex is not invaded. Surgical resection was performed on the patient and the tumor was excised with marginal excision surgery technique. Conclusions: The schwannomas of the femur can successfully be excised with no postoperative complications. There is no sign of a recurrent tumor in six months after the procedure.
Characteristics and Survival of Patients with WHO Grade 4 Diffuse Glioma in Dharmais National Referral Cancer Hospital Tadjoedin, Hilman; Suryana, Kresna Dharma; Rosalina, Rosalina; Hartono, Bryan Arista; Widarta, Oskar Ady; Dewin, Nikrial; Andriani, Rini
Indonesian Journal of Cancer Vol 18, No 3 (2024): September
Publisher : http://dharmais.co.id/

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33371/ijoc.v18i3.1261

Abstract

Background: The WHO grade 4 diffuse glioma are extremely aggressive and account for over 60% of adult Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors. The diagnosis and management pose significant challenges due to the need for comprehensive evaluation and holistic treatment approaches. This study aims to determine the clinical characteristics of WHO grade 4 diffuse glioma in Indonesia and the overall survival as a secondary goal. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of all WHO grade 4 glioma patients from 2017 to 2022 at Dharmais National Cancer Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. Demographic characteristics were presented descriptively. Kaplan-Meier plot was used to evaluate the median survival. Results: Twenty-eight patients were eligible for this study. The median age group is 45 years old, with equal male and female prevalence. Headache was the most prevalent primary symptom. The therapy following surgery was radiotherapy (RT) with chemosensitizer (82.1%) and RT alone (14.3%) with both followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. There was one patient (3.6%) underwent palliative therapy. The median survival of all patients was 10 months, whereas 10 months in RT with the chemo-sensitizer group and 1 month in RT only group. There was no statistically significant difference between RT with and without chemotherapy sensitizer in terms of survival rates. Conclusions: Our study reports a younger median age of WHO Grade 4 diffuse glioma. Male subjects were equivalent to females. Median OS was 10 months and were longer in RT with the chemosensitizer group. Further multicentered and at the genetic level investigation was needed, to achieve optimal outcomes.

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