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Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive
Published by Universitas Udayana
ISSN : 23031816     EISSN : 25032356     DOI : https://doi.org/10.53638/
Core Subject : Health,
Public Health
ublic Health and Preventive Medicine Archive (PHPMA) is an open access, peer reviewed journal published by Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University. Issues covered in the journal are as the following: Environmental and occupational health Field and Clinical Epidemiology Global health Health policy analysis Health promotion Health systems and health care management Maternal and child health Program monitoring and evaluation Public health nutrition Reproductive health, sexually transmitted infections and HIV related issues Travel health and health tourism Population and family planning Disaster management
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan
Articles 310 Documents
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Relationship between the Responsiveness of Service Providers with Patient Satisfaction at Three Conventional Radiography Services in Denpasar Cokorda Istri Ariwidyastuti; Pande Putu Januraga; Dyah Pradnyaparamita Duarsa
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2016.v4.i1.p11

Abstract

Background and purpose: Patient satisfaction, including on radiography services, is an important component of health care provision. Surveys on patient satisfaction have been carried out particularly in government hospitals, but a more detailed study to determine the relationship between patient satisfaction with the responsiveness of service providers has yet to be carried out. This study aims to determine the relationship between the six domains of responsiveness of service providers and outpatient satisfaction at three conventional radiography facilities in Denpasar. Methods: Study was conducted by cross-sectional survey of 158 respondents selected consecutively in three conventional radiography services, namely a government hospital, a private hospital and a private radiology clinic. Data were collected through interviews using modified questionnaires on responsiveness from WHO. Data were analyzed by univariate, bivariate (chi-square test) and multivariate logistic regression method. Results: Univariate analysis indicated that patient satisfaction was 69% but still below the minimum service standards (>80,0%). Multivariate analysis showed that factors associated with satisfaction were the domain of attention (AOR=3.77; 95%CI: 1.62-8.76), the quality of infrastructure (AOR=4.57; 95%CI: 1.61-12.93) and communication (AOR=6.30; 95%CI: 1.75-22.64). Conclusion: Patient satisfaction was generally still below the standard. Domains of responsiveness associated with patient satisfaction were the quality of infrastructure, level of attention and communication skills of service providers.
Risk Factors of Neonatal Sepsis at Perinatology Unit Sanglah General Public Hospital Denpasar Kurniasih Widayati; Desak Putu Yuli Kurniati; Gusti Ayu Trisna Windiani
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2016.v4.i1.p12

Abstract

Background and purpose: Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) nationally in 2012 was 32 per 1000 live births and 29 per 1000 live births in Bali. This figure was higher than the target of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2015 which amounted to 23 per 1000 live births. One of many factors that increase risk of infant mortality is neonatal sepsis. Research on neonatal sepsis has been done in Sanglah General Public Hospital but it was only a descriptive study. This study was conducted to determine the socio-demographic factors, clinical, environmental and invasive procedures associated with neonatal sepsis in the Sanglah General Public Hospital. Methods: The study design was a case control with a sample of 30 cases and 30 controls that were selected randomly by matching on birth month of the register book of 1 January to 31 December 2014 at the Perinatology Unit Sanglah Hospital. The case groups were patients who were diagnosed with sepsis, and the control groups were not the sepsis. Data were collected from medical records of patients using extraction form. Bivariate analysis was conducted to determine crude OR and multivariate logistic regression method to determine adjusted OR. Results: Bivariate analysis showed that factors that increase risk of neonatal sepsis were mothers who did not work or worked as laborers (OR=3.5; 95% CI: 1.1 to 11.7), low birth weight (LBW) babies (OR=6,6; 95% CI: 1.9 to 24.2), infant care in an incubator (OR=4.1; 95% CI: 1.2 to 14.3), infusion (OR=9.3; 95 % CI: 1.7 to 92.1) and the administration of oxygen (OR=7.0; 95% CI: 1.9 to 29.7). Multivariate analysis showed that the only variable significantly increases risk of sepsis was low birt weight (OR=20.2; 95% CI: 1.4 to 289.7). Conclusion: LBW was the risk factor of neonatal sepsis at Perinatology Unit, Sanglah General Public Hospital.
Association of Pesticide Use and Personal Protective Equipments with Health Complaints among Horticulture Farmers in Buleleng, Bali Ida Ayu Dwi Astuti Minaka; Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri; Dewa Nyoman Wirawan
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2016.v4.i1.p13

Abstract

Background and purpose: Uses of highly toxic pesticides mostly occur in developing countries, including Indonesia. Farmers at Pancasari village in Bali were active pesticide users, that potential for pesticide poisoning. Pesticides and personal protective equipment (PPE) use and their relationship with health complaints on farmers in that region are not well known. Methods: Cross sectional survey was conducted among 87 horticultural farmers. Univariate, bivariate (chi square test) and multivariate (using logistic regression) analysis were conducted to understand relationship between health complaints related to pesticides used (at least two health complaints of: headache, itching, fatigue and nausea) with socio-demographics, knowledge and use of pesticides and PPE behaviour. Results: The majority (94.3%) of farmers aged less than 30 years and 81.6% were male with secondary education or lower (78.2%). More than half (54.1%) farmers had moderate knowledge about pesticides and PPE, however they had poor behaviour. A total of 60.9% farmers experienced specific health complaints. Health complaints were associated with use of organophosphate (AOR=3.74; 95%CI: 1.33- 10.48), number of days use of work clothes before being washed (AOR=1.37; 95%CI: 1.08-1.75), not wearing long-sleeve clothes when mixing pesticide (AOR=0.25; 95%CI: 0.09-0.76) and not wearing a mask when spraying pesticide (AOR=0.18; 95%CI: 0.05-0.69). Conclusion: Health complaints were associated with type of organophosfat pesticide, behavior of work clothes used before being washed and inadequate use of personal protective equipments.
Acceptance of Post-Placental Intrauterine Contraceptive Device in Denpasar Ni Made Rai Widiastuti; Ni Luh Putu Suariyani; I Nyoman Mangku Karmaya
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2016.v4.i1.p14

Abstract

Background and purpose: The Indonesian Demographic Health Survey of 2012 indicated that the prevalence of contraceptive use in Bali Province has decreased compared to 2007. In addition, the proportion of the use an intrauterine device (IUD) also continues to decline. To increase number of IUD acceptors is to promote postplacental intrauterine device (PPIUCD), however the acceptance remains low. This study aims to determine factors associated with acceptance of post-placental intrauterine device in Denpasar. Methods: Study was cross sectional with a total of 100 respondents selected by consecutive sampling. Respondents were mothers who had gave birth in January-February 2016 at Wangaya General Hospital and three health centers (Dauh Puri Sub Health Center, East Denpasar I and South Denpasar IV). Data were collected by interview in hospital and health center. Chi square test was conducted for bivariate analysis and multivariate using logistic regression. Results: Proportion of PPIUCD acceptance was 35%. Multivariate analysis indicated that PPIUCD acceptance was associated with perception of benefits (AOR=10.39; 95% CI: 2.792-38.56), perception of low side effects (AOR=5.288; 95%CI: 1.085-25.761), role of health workers (AOR=7.1; 95%CI: 1.781-28.60) and support of the husband (AOR=12.020; 95% CI=2.888-50.01). Conclusion: Variables associated with PPIUCD acceptance were perception of low side effects, perception
Association between Leadership, Motivation, Compensation and Employees Satisfaction in Primary Health Centres Denpasar Made Karma Maha Wirajaya; Ni Made Sri Nopiyani; I Putu Ganda Wijaya
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 4 No. 1 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2016.v4.i1.p15

Abstract

Background and purpose: Employees satisfaction can improve the work performance of employees that can create a positive situation in the organizational environment. Previous studies have shown that leadership, motivation and compensation related to employee satisfaction but has not been able to explain the association of leadership, motivation and compensation together with employee satisfaction. This study aims to determine the relationship of leadership, motivation, compensation and employees satisfaction in primary health centers, Denpasar. Methods: This study was cross-sectional survey among all employees consist of 39 employees in Puskesmas II Denpasar Selatan and 36 employees in Puskesmas III Denpasar Utara. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using logistic regression to examine the association between leadership, motivation, compensation and employees satisfaction in primary health centers, Denpasar. Results: Most employees perceived lack in leadership of the head of primary health centers (52.00%), had a high motivation to work (56.00%), received adequate compensation (60.00%) and satisfied with their work (52.00%). Multivariate analysis showed that two variables had significant association, that were leadership with OR=7.28 (95%CI:=2.17-24.46) and motivation with OR=4.31 (95%CI: 1.29-14.39). Conclusion: Factors associated to the employees satisfaction in primary health centers were leadership and motivation. Aspects of leader behavior to motivate employees and extrinsic motivation primarily on working conditions need to be improved to create employees satisfaction.
Masalah Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) dan Ketersediaan Vaksin Dewa Nyoman Wirawan
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2016.v4.i2.p01

Abstract

Untuk menurunkan morbiditas DBD sebanyak 25% dan mortalitas sebanyak 50%, WHO merekomendasikan perlunya kombinasi berbagai upaya terutama penanggulangan vektor dan program vaksinasi.1,2 Program vaksinasi direkomendasikan pada daerah-daerah endemis terutama daerah dengan persentase penduduk yang sero-positif dengue di atas 50%.2 Mengingat tingginya kasus DBD di Indonesia, untuk mengetahui efektivitas vaksin di masyarakat diperlukan uji coba pada daerah-daerah dengan tingkat endemisitas yang tinggi dan sekalian untuk mengetahui besaran biaya yang diperlukan untuk mencegah kasus DBD dalam kawasan yang lebih luas atau secara nasional.
Maternal and Infant Risk Factors on The Incidence of Neonatal Asphyxia in Bali: Case Control Study Ni Nyoman Ayuk Widiani; Desak Putu Yuli Kurniati; I Gusti Ayu Trisna Windiani
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2016.v4.i2.p02

Abstract

Background and purpose: Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) in 2012 showed neonatal mortality rate (AKN) in Indonesia amounted to 19/1000 live births. The causes were respiratory distress or asphyxia (35.9%), premature delivery, low birth weight (32.4%) and sepsis (12%). Neonatal asphyxia in the last 5 years at Sanglah Hospital in Denpasar relatively stagnant namely: 2010 (8.6%), 2011 (9.3%), 2012 (11.6%), 2013 (8.3%), and 2014 (11.3%). This study aims to identify risk factors of mothers and infants to neonatal asphyxia. Methods: The study design was a case control with a sample of 172 infants of 86 cases and 86 controls were selected randomly from the birth register at Sanglah Hospital in 2015 and matched by age of gestation. Cases were neonatal (0-28 days) born with asphyxia, while control were neonatal without asphyxia. Data analysis was performed using univariate, bivariate (chi square test) and multivariate using logistic regression. Results: The study finding showed that significant risk factors which increased the incidence of neonatal asphyxia were nuchal cord with adjusted OR (AOR)=6.55 (95% CI: 2.34 to 18.33); anemia during pregnancy with AOR=6.49 (95% CI: 2.21 to 19.03); prolonged labor with AOR=6.27 (95% CI: 1.37 to 28.70), low birth weight with AOR=3.85 (95% CI: 1.61 to 9.18); maternal age <20 years and >35 years with AOR=3.57 (95% CI: 1.48 to 8.61) and hypertension during pregnancy with AOR=2.40 (95% CI: 1.06 to 5.44). Conclusion: Mathernal and infant factors that increased risk of neonatal asphyxia were nuchal cord, anemia during pregnancy, prolonged labor, low birth weight, maternal age <20 years and >35 years and hypertension during pregnancy.
Predictors of Loss To Follow Up and Mortality Among Children ≤12 Years Receiving Anti Retroviral Therapy during the First Year at a Referral Hospital in Bali Stefanie Juergens; Anak Agung Sagung Sawitri; Ketut Dewi Kumara Wati; I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra; Tuti Parwati Merati
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2016.v4.i2.p03

Abstract

Background and purpose: Many HIV-infected children in Bali have started antiretroviral therapy (ART), but loss to follow up (LTFU) is a continuing concern, and the issue of childhood adherence is more complex compared to adults. Methods: This was a retrospective study among cohort of 138 HIV+ children on ART in Sanglah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali from January 2010 to December 2015. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to describe incidence and median time to LTFU/mortality and Cox Proportional Hazard Model was used to identify predictors. Variables which were analysed were socio-demographic characteristics, birth history, care giver and clinical condition of the children. Results: Mean age when starting ARV therapy was 3.21 years. About 25% experienced LTFU/death by 9.1 month resulting in an incidence rate of 3.28 per 100 child month. The higher the WHO stage, the higher the risk for LTFU/mortality along with low body weight (AHR=0.90; 95%CI: 0.82-0.99). Conclusion: Clinical characteristics were found as predictors for LTFU/ mortality among children on ART.
The Consumption of Tuak Increases Risk of Central Obesity among Adult Males at Karangasem, Bali I Ketut Sudiana; I Wayan Gede Artawan Eka Putra; Pande Putu Januraga
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2016.v4.i2.p04

Abstract

Background and purpose: Traditional alcohol beverage known as risk factor of central obesity. The prevalence of central obesity in adult males in Karangasem is high and 40% of the population have drink habits of traditional palm wine (locally called tuak) with high sucrose and glucose. This study aims to determine the relationship between the consumption of tuak with the prevalence of central obesity among adult males. Methods: The study is cross-sectional with samples consisted of 220 men aged 18-65 years selected by probability proportional to size. The data were collected by the researcher using structured interview and direct measurement. Data were analyzed using STATA 12.1 by univariate, bivariate (chi-square test) and multivariate using logistic regression. Results: The study found that the prevalence of central obesity among adult males in Karangasem was 8.18% and respondents who consumed tuak was 53.18%, consumed alkohol of non tuak was 4.09% and 42.73% did not consume any alcohol. Multivariate analysis showed that variables associated with the prevalence of central obesity were heavy drinker of tuak (AOR=6.55; 95%CI: 1.45- 29.65), the quantity of tuak consumption (AOR=1.14; 95%CI: 1.03- 1.25), duration of tuak consumption (AOR=1.12; 95%CI: 1.04-1.20), consumption of other local wine (called arak) (AOR=3.86; 95%CI: 1.36-10.95. Education was found to reduce risk of obesity (AOR=0.32; 95%CI: 0.11-0.96). Conclusion: The consumption of tuak increases risk of central obesity among adult males in Karangasem Bali.
Consumption and Distribution of Iodized Salt in Subamia Village Tabanan District 2014 Manik Ulan Dewi; Kadek Tresna Adhi; Dyah Pradnyaparamita Duarsa
Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive Vol. 4 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Universitas Udayana

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.53638/phpma.2016.v4.i2.p05

Abstract

Background and purpose: Consumption of iodized salt is essential to prevent iodine deficiency disorders. One of the key success of iodized salt program is the distribution. This study explored the consumption and logistical distribution patterns of iodized salt among housewives in Subamia Village Tabanan District. Methods: The study was a qualitative with data collection using two focus group discussions (FGD) of 6 active and 6 inactive cadres. Indepth interviews were conducted with two health staffs, two community leaders, one staff of Trade/Industrial Office at Tabanan District and one salt seller. Data was analysed using thematic method. Results: Respondents preferred uniodized salt because of several reasons including less bitter, tastier and cheaper than iodized salt. Moreover, the distribution of iodized salt regulated by the government was reported to be impeded the salt distribution, this resulted in the difficulty of villagers to access the iodized salt Conclusion: Appetizing flavor, access and no local regulations on distribution of iodized salt is the cause of low consumption of iodized salt in Subamia Village Tabanan District.

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