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Makara Journal of Health Research
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23563664     EISSN : 23563656     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/msk
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Makara Journal of Health Research (MJHR) is a peer-reviewed and scientific journal published by Universitas Indonesia. Starting from 2019 onwards, MJHR is redirecting its scope, focusing on publishing research articles relevant to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) addressing issues of surveillance, disease management and health policy in the Asia Pacific and Mediterranean countries. Relevant academic articles regarding NCDs analyzed from an integrated perspective including individual and population level, experimental and clinical approaches, epidemiology, public health, disease prevention and health promotion, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and palliative care are welcome.
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Articles 9 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 22, No. 1" : 9 Documents clear
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Dry Eye Disease in Kuantan, Malaysia Aljarousha, Mohammed; Abd Rahman, Aziimah A; Badarudin, Noor E; Che Azemin, Mohd Z; Awad, Khalid
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 22, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Background: To determine the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) at Jalan Hospital Eye Care, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Malaysia. Methods: The dry eye symptoms and tear breakup time test (TBUT) values retrieved from the medical records of 643 patients were retrospectively analysed. Dry eye cases with one or more symptom were included. ‘Yes’ or ‘no’ responses were used in discriminant analysis of tear abnormality (TBUT < 5 seconds). Results: The crude prevalence of DED was 48.5%, the age-adjusted prevalence was 43% in women <50 years of age, and 68.4% in those ≥50 years of age. Contact lens wear and low TBUT values were associated with DED risk in men. Age of ≥50 years and a low tear meniscus height (TMH) score were associated with risk of DED symptoms in women. Conclusions: The prevalence of DED in optometric outpatients at IIUM was relatively high, especially in the elderly population. Symptoms and signs were poorly associated with DED. TBUT performed well in diagnosing dry eye and may be useful to improve the assessment of patients with dry eye problems in this region.
Development of a Tuberculosis Vaccine Seed: Construction of Resuscitation-Promoting Factor B DNA Vaccine and its Expression in Vitro and in Vivo Saraswati, Ratih D; Rukmana, Andriansjah; Fithriyah, Fithriyah; Rakhmawati, Aprilia
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 22, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic infection disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and has a high death-rate worldwide. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin is the only TB vaccine which is currently available with several drawbacks, such as its different efficacy for different individuals, lack of protection for lung TB in adults and subsequent reactivation which lead the research for novel TB vaccine approach. Resuscitation-promoting factor (rpf) protein in Mtb is a protein cluster which play a big role in TB dormancy during latent infection. Member from this cluster protein is rpfB which shows the greatest biological and immunological characteristics among other proteins in the rpf family, now is widely explored as novel TB vaccine candidate. Methods: In this study, the rpfB gene of the Mtb Beijing strain was amplified using PCR and then cloned into pcDNA3.1 plasmids. The ability of recombinant pcDNA-rpfB to induce humoral immune response was tested through Balb/C mice immunization. Results: A positive recombinant rpfB protein ~66 kDa was detected through western blot analysis using immunized mice sera. Meanwhile, recombinant pcDNA-rpfB was transfected in to CHO-K1 mammalian cell line and recombinant rpfB antigen expression was confirmed through immunostaining. Conclusions: Therefore, we have succesfully express the recombinant rpfB proten of M.tb strain Beijing in mammalian expression system which proven to be antigenically induced humoral immune response in mice model.
Changes in Contrast Sensitivity in Young Adults with Diabetes Abd Rahman, Aziimah A; Badarudin, Noor E; Che Azemin, Mohd Z; Ahmad, Norsham; Arifin, Azrin E
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 22, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Background: This study compared contrast sensitivity and visual acuity of young adults with diabetes to that of controls and attempted to identify predictors of dry eye symptoms in patients with diabetes. Methods: This cross-sectional study, which included 37 patients with diabetes and 37 age-matched controls, was conducted in the Optometry Clinic of Kulliyyah Allied Health Science. All participants were aged between 19 and 39 years. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of diabetes without any evidence of ocular disease, abnormalities in colour vision or media opacity. Results: The contrast sensitivity significantly differed between patients and controls (p = 0.045). A multiple regression analysis showed that contrast sensitivity was a significant predictor of ocular symptoms in patients with diabetes, and this was statistically significant (p = 0.002). Conclusions: Contrast sensitivity may be affected during early ocular changes among young adults with diabetes. It may also predict the occurrence of dry eye symptoms in such patients.
Self-Efficacy as a Predictor of Stress in Medical Students of King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia Siddiqui, Aesha F
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 22, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Background: Self-efficacy and stress are closely related concepts. These concepts have been endorsed as the primary causes influencing the adaptation of students to the college environment. The objectives of this study were to: 1) Measure self-efficacy among medical students, 2) Study association of self-efficacy with basic characteristics of the students, 3) Determine the role of self-efficacy as a predictor of stress. Methods: Self efficacy and stress were measured using the Kesseler-10 instrument and the General Self Efficacy scale, for 267 medical students, including both sexes. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics for the basic characteristics and self-efficacy, independent samples t-test and ANOVA to find the association between self-efficacy and various socio-demographic factors and correlation and regression analysis to determine the role of self-efficacy as a predictor of stress. Results: Students aged more than 22 years had significantly higher self–efficacy scores as compared to younger students (t=2.32; p ˂ 0.05). The linear relationship between stress and self-efficacy was demonstrated using Pearson’s correlation. A significant negative correlation was revealed (r = -0.136, R2 = 0.018); p ˂ 0.05. Self efficacy was identified as a predictor of stress. Predicted stress score = 27.91+ (-.165* X). Conclusions: Self efficacy has a significant negative correlation with stress in medical students and is a predictor of stress.
Low-Level Laser Therapy to the Major Salivary Glands Increases Salivary Flow and MUC5B Protein Secretion in Diabetic Patients with Hyposalivation: A Preliminary Study Wibawa, Awaludin; Sucharitakul, Jeerus; Dansirikul, Rungthip; Pisarnturakit, Pagaporn P; Bhuridej, Patita; Arirachakaran, Pratanporn
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 22, No. 1
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Background: To investigate the effect of low-level laser therapy to salivary gland function in diabetic patients with hyposalivation. Methods: Twelve diabetic patients were recruited. A 940-nm indium-gallium-arsenide-phosphide low-power semiconductor diode laser was used to stimulate the major salivary glands with an irradiation time of 40 s; this was done three times a week for 2 consecutive weeks. Patients were given questionnaires related to dry mouth symptoms. Salivary flow rates, questionnaire responses as well as MUC7, MUC5B and histatin 5 protein salivary concentrations were assessed at the first and sixth visits after laser therapy as well at the 6-week follow-up visit. Results: The unstimulated salivary flow rate and MUC5B concentration at the follow-up visit significantly increased (p < 0.01). Histatin 5 concentration significantly decreased at the follow-up visit compared with that at the first visit (p < 0.05). The mean dry mouth score revealed a significant decrease in dry mouth symptoms at the sixth visit and follow-up visit compared with those at the first visit (p < 0.001). The positive correlation between dry mouth score and flow rate was the strongest at the sixth visit (rs = 0.549). Conclusions: Low-level laser therapy increased the salivary flow rate and decreased dry mouth symptoms in diabetic patients.
Mentorship Programme Criteria and Performance Outcomes of Nurses’ Perceptions Rudin, Noriedayu MN; Ludin, Salizar M
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 22, No. 1
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Background: Mentoring of new staff nurses is a common practice, and international studies have shown it to be associated with increased retention rates, better acquisition of nursing professional identity and increased job satisfaction. However, the outcomes of mentoring programmes in Malaysia are unclear, and in this study, we aimed to explore them. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted via convenience sampling at two hospitals. A Mentoring Novice for Medical Surgical Nurse (MNMSN) questionnaire was distributed to recent graduates/full-time nurses. It consisted of 50 items pertaining to the assessment of patient, clinical decision making, cultural competency, commitment to professional nursing standards, positive feeling about nursing at this hospital and willingness to remain in the nursing profession. Results: A total of 61 nurses responded (response rate 100%). Significant differences pre- and post-mentorship programme were observed (patient assessment r = 0.304, p = 0.009; clinical decision-making r = 0.394, p = 0.006; cultural competency r = 0.202, p = 0.01; commitment to professional nursing standards r = 0.423, p = 0; positive feeling about nursing at this hospital r = 0.404, p = 0.001; and willingness to remain in the nursing profession r = 0.312, p = 0.007). Conclusion: The mentorship programme had a positive impact on the clinical component of nursing among hospital-based nurses.
Myocardial Infarction Elevates Inflammation and Contributes to the Formation of Atheroma Plaques in the Aorta of Hypercholesterolaemic Rats Kurniati, Neng F; Angelia, Teresa; Artarini, Aluicia A; Nurfatwa, Maritsa
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 22, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is the clinical manifestation of coronary heart disease that can be caused by athesclerotic plaque rupture. However, the role of MI in influencing endothelial cells is still not clearly known, especially in atheroma plaque development. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of MI in the inflammatory processes occurring in the hypercholesterolaemic rat aorta and heart by measuring myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels. Methods: Wistar rats were categorised into normal, normal–MI, hypercholesterolaemic and hypercholesterolaemic–MI groups. Hypercholesterolaemia was induced in rats by feeding them with a high-cholesterol diet, followed by oral administrations of cholesterol, cholic acid and propylthiouracil. The MI rat model was created by injecting isoproterenol (intraperitoneal) 1 day before the animals were sacrificed. The success of the induction was confirmed based on a significant increase in total cholesterol values compared to those in the normal group. The inflammatory condition was determined by measuring the MPO levels using the dot blot method. Results: MPO expression was increased significantly in the hypercholesterolaemic rats compared to that in the normal group. The highest aorta MPO expression was observed in the hypercholesterolaemic–MI group. Both MI rats and hypercholesterolaemic rats showed a similar increase in MPO expression in the heart (71.7% and 75.5%, respectively). However, the hypercholesterolaemic–MI rats showed the highest MPO expression (119.59%). Conclusions: MI accelerates inflammation in the aorta of hyper-cholesterolaemic rats.
Iron Status, Prevalence and Risk Factors of Iron Deficiency Anemia Among 12- to 15-Year-Old Adolescent Girls from Different Socioeconomic Status in Indonesia Sumarlan, Eka S; Windiastuti, Endang; Gunardi, Hartono
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 22, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Background: The aim of this study was to determine the iron status and the prevalence and risk factors of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) among adolescent girls in Central Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 12- to 15-year-old girls studying in junior high schools that were categorized into high and low socioeconomic status (SES). Their menstrual and nutritional status, parents’ education level and income, and iron intake were assessed. Tuberculin test and assessments for C-reactive protein levels and hematologic and iron parameters were also conducted. Results: Iron status was normal in 69.3% of 163 subjects. The prevalence of non-anemic iron deficiency was higher (17.2%; 3.1% iron depletion and 14.1% iron deficiency) than that of IDA (13.5%). The prevalence of IDA was lower among girls from the high SES than that among girls from the low SES (11.5% and 15.8%, respectively). There was no significant relationship among IDA and nutritional status, menstrual status and characteristics, SES, iron intake, and parents’ education level and income; however, bioavailable iron intake in all subjects was found to be less compared to the recommended daily allowance (RDA). Conclusions: The higher prevalence of non-anemic iron deficiency than IDA is a potential risk factor for increasing the prevalence of IDA in the future. No significant relationship was found between IDA and its risk factors; however, iron intake was less compared to the RDA in all subjects, which requires further attention.
Infections of Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma hominis as Risk Factors for Abnormal Cervical Cells Mardhia, Mardhia; Effiana, Effiana; Irsan, Abror; Natalia, Diana; Rahmayanti, Sari; Indarti, Junita; Rachmadi, Lisnawati; Yasmon, Andi
Makara Journal of Health Research Vol. 22, No. 1
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Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women across the world. Recent studies have shown that cervical cancer is not only caused by persistent infection of human papillomavirus (HPV), but sexually transmitted infections (STIs) also play a role in the pathogenesis of abnormal cervical cells. STIs frequently occur with no specific symptoms, such as the infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma hominis. Asymptomatic STIs could lead to persistent infection. Persistent infections caused by STIs have been hypothesised to increase the access of HPV into the deeper cervical tissue and cause cervical cell abnormalities. Therefore, we conducted this study to assess the association between C. trachomatis and M. hominis infections and abnormal cervical cells. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 58 outpatients at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. Abnormal cervical cells were detected by a liquid-based cytology Pap smear, and bacterial identification was done by conducting conventional duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: 58 patients, 14 (24.1%) showed abnormal cervical cells, whereas 44 (75.9%) patients showed normal cervical cells. The conventional duplex PCR demonstrated a positive result for C. trachomatis and M. hominis bacterial infections in only 1 (7.1%) and 2 (14.3%) patients with abnormal cervical cells, respectively. The statistical analysis revealed no significant association between the bacterial infections and the abnormal cervical cytology in the patients (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Infections caused by C. trachomatis and/or M. hominis were not associated with abnormal cervical cells.

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