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Ivandini Tribidasari A.
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Makara Journal of Science
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23391995     EISSN : 23560851     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/mss
Core Subject :
Makara Journal of Science publishes original research or theoretical papers, notes, and minireviews on new knowledge and research or research applications on current issues in basic sciences, namely: Material Sciences (including: physics, biology, and chemistry); Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology (including: microbiology, physiology, ecology, taxonomy and evolution); and Biotechnology.
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Articles 15 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 29, No. 1" : 15 Documents clear
Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Actinobacteria Isolated from Ziziphus mauritiana Against Multidrug-Resistant Strains Khairani, Hafifatunil; Priyanto, Jepri Agung; Prastya, Muhammad Eka; Retnowati, Dwi
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Increasing resistance to existing antibiotics has led to a need for new alternative sources. Among the possibilities that need to be explored is the endophytic actinobacteria associated with Ziziphus mauritiana. The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of endophytic actinobacteria isolated from Z. mauritiana against five multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Thirty actinobacteria isolates were obtained from the roots, stem, and leaves of the plant using the serial dilution technique. Using a double-layer agar test, we found that colonies from five of the 30 isolates (16%) exhibited antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and the M18 strain of Bacillus subtilis. Interestingly, the crude extracts derived from four selected isolates (BBK 1, DBK 2, DBK 3, and DBSB 1) showed inhibitory activity against MRSA, with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 8 (±0.8) to 11 (±2.9) mm. The highest inhibition zone was seen in DBK 2. This had a zone diameter of 11 (±2.9) mm, which is not signifi-cantly different from the zone diameter of 12 (±0) mm seen in tetracycline. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using the micro-broth dilution technique. This showed MICs ranging from 2,500–5,000 μg/mL in the four extracts. Based on 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) sequences, the four selected isolates were found to belong to the Streptomyces spp., with similarity values exceeding 99%. These four isolates require further study as potential antibiotic sources, particularly against MRSA.
Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant Activity, and Cytotoxic Effects of Physalis angulata and Moringa oleifera Leaf Extracts on Cancer and Normal Cells In Vitro Priyandoko, Didik; Widowati, Wahyu; Sholihah, Ika Adhani; Zahira, Nurul Zahra; Bangun, Adityana Arta; Kusdianti, Kusdianti; Hernawati, Hernawati; Surakusumah, Wahyu; Juansah, Rahadian Deden
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 1
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Physalis angulata and Moringa oleifera have long been the key ingredients of traditional medicine. This study aimed to obtain the metabolite profiles of the ethanolic leaf extracts of P. angulata (ELP) and M. oleifera (ELM), evaluate their antioxidant activity, and assess their toxicity against normal and cancer cells. The leaves were sourced from Balittro, West Java. The extraction used 70% ethanol and continued for 3 days. The metabolites were identified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), antioxidant activity was ascertained via the DPPH assay, and cytotoxicity was evaluated employing the PrestoBlue assay. GC-MS identified 23 compounds in ELP and 15 in ELM. The DPPH assay showed that ELM, ELP, or their combination exhibited marked antioxidant activity, with inhibition ranging from 50% to 90%. The toxicity assay against MCF-7 cancer cells demonstrated that ELP at 1,500 µg/mL and ELM at 1,200 µg/mL induced cytotoxicity. The ELP + ELM formulation exhibited stronger cytotoxic effects than the positive control. In contrast, ELM or ELP did not induce toxicity in normal CV-1 cells and, stimulated viability com-pared to the control. Thus, the phytochemical contents of ELM and ELP exhibited enhanced antioxidant activity, in-duced toxicity in cancer cells, and were safe for normal cells.
Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats Application on the Identification of Genetic Variation of a New Indonesian Melon Cultivar “Melona” Salsabila, Tantri Ajeng Salma; Yusuf, Adib Fakhruddin; Wibowo, Wiko Arif; Kusnanda, Prima Sekti; Daryono, Budi Setiadi
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 1
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The field of identification of molecular markers has seen significant advancements, with the Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) emerging as a prominent tool for characterizing genetic variation within species. This study focuses on the new Indonesian melon cultivar “Melona,” developed through selective breeding of commercial melons. This study aimed to assess the utility of ISSR markers in evaluating the genetic variation and stability of the “Melona” cultivar. Comparisons were made with established cultivars—‘Inthanon,” “Rich Sweetness,” “Chamoe,” and “Hikapel”—using five ISSR primers: UBC 807, UBC 808, UBC 810, UBC 812, and UBC 826. A total of 70 DNA fragments with a high polymorphism rate were produced, thereby providing insight into phenetic relationships among the cultivars with simi-larity indices <70%. These genetic distinctions were corroborated through morphological evaluations. These findings indicate that ISSR markers effectively reveal genetic variation within species, offering a practical approach for devel-oping new plant varieties in the Cucurbitaceae family.
A Comparison of Unconventional Microwave and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Methods used for Flavonoids Rahmawati, Istiqomah; Azizi, Daffa Hafiziaulhaq; Wibowo, Jihan Nafila; Reza, Muhammad; Fachri, Boy Arief; Palupi, Bekti; Rizkiana, Meta Fitri; Amini, Helda Wika; Ramadana, Ifan; Setiawan, Felix Arie
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 1
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Cocoa pods (Theobroma cacao L.) are a rich source of flavonoids, which are natural antioxidants known for their health benefits. This study investigated the use of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted ex-traction (UAE) to extract the maximum flavonoids and antioxidants from cocoa pods. MAE and UAE are efficient and sustainable methods for extracting bioactive compounds like flavonoids and antioxidants from cocoa pods, offer-ing faster extraction, reduced solvent use, and better compound preservation compared to conventional methods. These technologies unlock the untapped potential of cocoa pods for applications in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuti-cals. The effects of extraction time (2–10 min), microwave power (100–300 W), and the ratio of cocoa husk powder to solvent (0.02–0.06 g/mL) were evaluated for MAE. Meanwhile, for UAE, different temperatures (30–50 °C), times (10–30 min), and powers (16–48 W) were studied. The Design-Expert® software with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and a Box-Behnken Design was utilized to analyze the effects of a combination of these parameters. The re-sults showed that extraction time, microwave power, and the ratio of cocoa husk powder–solvent significantly affected the total flavonoid yield and antioxidant capacity. The highest total flavonoid yield obtained by the MAE method (123.07 ppm) was at an extraction time of 10 min, cocoa husk–solvent ratio of 0.06 mg/mL, and microwave power of 300 W. The extract obtained by the MAE method showed an excellent antioxidant capacity of 43.49 mg/mL GAEAC, and a robust antioxidant activity indicated by an IC50 value of 42.19. Conversely, the highest total flavonoid yield of the UAE method (8.45 mg/mL GAEAC) was achieved at 30 min, 40 °C, and 40 W. The extract from the UAE method demonstrated a better antioxidant capacity (7.51 mg/mL GAEAC) and antioxidant activity (IC50 value of 23.46) than that from the MAE technique
Diversity and Distribution of Macrofungi in the Mid-hills of Bagmati Province, Central Nepal Adhikari, Hari Sharan; Shrestha, Suman; Gurung, Manoj; Pandit, Sushma; Balami, Sujan
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 29, No. 1
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The current study was carried out at seven research sites in the mid-hills (900-2500m asl) across six districts in Bagmati province, central Nepal to analyze the variety and distribution of macrofungal communities. The survey was carried out in the wet seasons from August 2017 to September 2022, including frequent field visits to the selected forests. Vari-ous diversity indices were applied to ascertain the composition of the macrofungal communities in the study area. A total of 133 wild macrofungal species belonging to 80 genera, 50 families, and 19 orders were observed. The macro-fungal population in the Bagmati province was dominated by Russula (10 spp.) and the family Russulaceae (14 spp.). Additionally, 50 edible, 28 inedible, and 12 potentially medicinally-mushrooms have been identified. With 75 species, humicolous macrofungi dominated all others, followed by lignicolous ones (48 spp.). A majority of the species (50) were edible, whereas the numbers of medicinal and poisonous ones were 11 and 6 respectively. Based on their ecology, the saprobic and mycorrhizal macrofungi were predominant at 67 and 45 species, respectively. The diversity indices varied from 19 to 40 (richness), 3.68 to 7.79 (Margalef), 0.91 to 0.98 (Simpson’s dominance), 0.28 to 0.36 (Shannon–Wiener’s diversity) and 0.056 to 0.074 (evenness). The results of this study indicated that several macrofungi might be employed as foods and alternative medicines requiring more studies. This study further contributes to the existing data on mushroom diversity in the Bagmati province of Nepal.

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