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Ivandini Tribidasari A.
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Makara Journal of Science
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23391995     EISSN : 23560851     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/mss
Core Subject :
Makara Journal of Science publishes original research or theoretical papers, notes, and minireviews on new knowledge and research or research applications on current issues in basic sciences, namely: Material Sciences (including: physics, biology, and chemistry); Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology (including: microbiology, physiology, ecology, taxonomy and evolution); and Biotechnology.
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Articles 880 Documents
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Genetic Diversity of Japonica Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Based on Markers Corresponding to Starch Synthesizing Genes Lestari, Puji; Reflinur,
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 20, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Genes related to starch synthesis and the metabolism contribute to a variety of physicochemical properties that determine the eating/cooking qualities of rice. Our previous study suggested that a set of molecular markers was able to estimate the eating quality of japonica rice. The present study reports the genetic diversity of 22 japonica rice varieties based on markers corresponding to starch synthesizing genes. The mean of the polymorphic information content (PIC: 0.135) value and the diversity index (0.171) indicated a low genetic diversity in these varieties. The phylogenetic tree clearly demonstrated three main clusters: 1) cluster I contained seven varieties with similar physicochemical properties; 2) cluster II only showed a Japanese variety, Koshihikari, and 3) cluster III included the most Korean varieties (14 varieties). This phylogenetic analysis did not completely represent the physicochemical properties differentiation of the japonica varieties, although it did reveal an initial clue to the close relationship between Korean rice and the Japanese and Chinese varieties. Notably, these markers were also able to identify a premium japonica rice. The molecular markers and information concerning the genetic relationship would be useful in improving the japonica rice along with its starch quality of in breeding program.
Reproductive Characteristics of Female Egg-carrying Buntingi, Xenopoecilus oophorus, an Endemic Fish to Lake Poso in Central Sulawesi Gundo, Meria Tirsa; Rahardjo, Muhammad Fadjar; Batu, Djamar Tumpal Frederik Lumban; Hadie, Wartono
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 20, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Reproduction characteristic of female egg-carrying buntingi, Xenopoecilus oophorus had been studied. This research was conducted at Lake Poso, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Specimens were collected monthly from August 2012 to July 2013 at four sampling stations around the lake. Macroscopic observations of ovarian maturity level and gonadosomatic index revealed a long reproductive period during the rainy season, with four spawning peaks in November, January, February and April. The highest total fecundity was 135 oocytes, and the highest batch fecundity was 36 oocytes. Analysis of the oocyte diameter frequency distribution showed X. oophorus is a multiple spawner. Batch fecundity was correlated (r = 0.78) with body weight.
Photoproduction of π0-Mesons from the Nucleon and Deuteron Darwish, Eed Mohamed; Hemmdan, Amel; El-Shamy, Nesreen T.
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 20, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The photoproduction of π0-mesons from the nucleon and deuteron has been studied for incidents of photon energies up to 1.5 GeV. By using the MAID-2007 model for the process on the nucleon, we predict results for the unpolarized and helicity-dependent total cross sections of the semi-exclusive reaction γd→π0X (X=np+d) with the inclusion of rescattering effects. We find that rescattering effects yield a substantially large contribution. The extracted results are compared with the available experimental data and a satisfactory agreement is obtained. In addition, the contribution of γd→π0X (X=np+d) to the finite GDH integral has been evaluated by explicit integration up to 1.5 GeV and a total value of 256.96 µb has been obtained. Convergence of the GDH integral has been reached.
The Trophic Status of the Lubuk Lampam Floodplain in South Sumatera, Indonesia Jubaedah, Dade; Kamal, Mohammad Mukhlis; Muchsin, Ismudi; Hariyadi, Sigid
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 20, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The Lubuk Lampam floodplain’s ecosystem is naturally affected by the fluctuation of the water surface. This ecosystem also receives anthropogenic substances such as nutrients and other chemicals, especially from the oil palm plantation and its industrial processing activities. The main objective of this research was to determine the trophic status of the floodplain using the trophic level index (TLI) and Carlson’s trophic state index (TSI). The water quality and the fish samples were collected and analyzed from 7 stations representing various types of floodplain habitat. The results showed that the trophic status of Lubuk Lampam was hypereutrophic (very nutrient-rich). This was also supported by the high increase of the body weight (“b” value more than 3) and the high gonadosomatic index (GSI) of the studied fishes, i.e. Osteochilus vittatus 2.53-6.81% (male) and 3.00-15.86% (female); Helostoma temminckii 0.28-3.33% (male) and 1.30-10.43% (female); and Channa striata 0.33-0.59% (male) and 0.21-2.73% (female).
Synchrotron Infrared Spectroscopy of Microporous Materials Howe, Russell F.
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 20, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

This review describes the ways in which synchrotron infrared radiation can be used to perform infrared spectroscopy on catalyst materials. The enhanced brightness of the synchrotron source over a conventional laboratory source allows for microspectroscopy to be performed on single crystals of microporous materials down to 10 microns in size. A second application was performed in the far-infrared region, which is generally difficult using laboratory instruments. The review presents typical results from both areas and discusses future prospects.
The Explosive Sensitivity on the Complex Formation of 3-Nitro-1,2,4-Triazol-5-One and Metal Ions Based on Density Functional Study Hadisaputra, Saprizal; Prasetyo, Niko
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 20, No. 2
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Abstract

The explosive sensitivity upon the formation of supramolecular interaction between the nitro group of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) and metal ions (Mn+ = Li+, Na+, Be2+ and Mg2+) has been investigated using Density Functional Theory at B3LYP/6-311++G** level of theory. The bond dissociation energy (BDE) of the C1–N6 trigger bond has also been discussed for the NTO monomer and the corresponding complexes. The interaction and bond dissociation energy of the C6–N7 trigger bond follow the order of NTO-Be2+ > NTO-Mg2+ > NTO-Li+ > NTO-Na+ > NTO monomer. The enhancement of the trigger bond dissociation energy in comparison with the NTO monomer correlates well with the complex interaction energies, trigger bond length, and charge transfer. The analyses of electron density shifts have shown that the electron density of the nitro group shifts toward the C1–N6 trigger bond upon the formation of the supramolecular interaction. As result, the trigger bond is strengthened and the sensitivity of NTO is reduced. Some of the calculated results agree with the experimental values.
Antioxidant Constituents from the Bark of Aglaia eximia (Meliaceae) Sianturi, Julinton; Farabi, Kindi; Mayanti, Tri; Harneti, Desi; Darwati,; Supratman, Unang; Awang, Khalijah; Hayashi, Hideo
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 20, No. 1
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Abstract

The genus Aglaia is a a rich source of different compounds with interesting biological activities. A part of our continuing search for novel biologically active compounds from Indonesia Aglaia plants, the ethyl acetate extract of bark of Aglaia eximia showed significant antioxidant activity. Four antioxidant compounds, kaempferol (1), kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (2), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside (3) and kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnoside (4) were isolated from the bark of Aglaia eximia (Meliaceae). The chemical structures of compounds 1-4 were identified on the basis of spectroscopic datas including UV, IR, NMR and MS along with by comparison with those spectra datas previously reported. All compounds showed DPPH radical-scavenging activity with IC50 values of 1.18, 6.34, 8.17, 10.63 mg/mL, respectively.
Vinblastine and Vincristine Production on Madagascar Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don) Callus Culture Treated with Polethylene Glycol Iskandar, Nisa Nur; Iriawati,
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 20, No. 1
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Abstract

Vinblastine and vincristine are secondary metabolites from Madagascar periwinkles that have a very high economic value as chemotherapy drugs. These compounds are naturally produced in a very low quantity in planta. One promising alternative method for vinblastine and vincristine production is to use a treatment that can trigger plant stress response in vitro. This study has been done to evaluate the effect of drought stress using polyethylene glycol (PEG) on vinblastine and vincristine production in the C. roseus callus culture, which were grown on medium Zenk supplemented with plant growth regulators (PGR) 1 μM NAA + 10 μM Kinetin to induce laticifer and idioblast differentiation. 13-week-old callus cultures were then treated with 0%, 6%, 9%, and 12% (w/v) PEG4000 each for 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Biochemical analysis was performed using HPLC to determine the levels of vinblastine and vincristine, while the presence of differentiated cells (idioblasts and laticifers) was determined using a histochemical method. Protein profiles of the culture were determined by SDS-Page. The results showed that drought treatment with PEG4000, until the concentration was 12% (w/v), did not significantly affect the production of vinblastine and vincristine, but might affect terpenoid production. Histochemical analysis confirmed the presence of idioblasts, non-elongated laticifers, and laticifers that were producing and accumulating terpenoids highest in the 12% PEG treatment. PEG treatments also did not change the protein profile of callus.
Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) for Awn, Incomplete Panicle Exertion and Total Spikelet Number in an F2 Population Derived from A Backcross Inbred Line, Bio-148, and the Recurrent Parent, IR64 Herlina, Lina; Sobir,; Trijatmiko, Kurniawan Rudi
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 20, No. 1
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Abstract

An F2 rice population developed from a cross between a backcross inbred line (BIO-148) and its recurrent parent (IR64) was used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for awn, panicle exertion and total spikelet number. BIO-148 is a BC2F8 line derived from a cross between IR64 (a high-yielding lowland rice variety) and Gajah Mungkur (an upland tropical japonica rice variety). Two hundred plants were grown in the greenhouse, and their DNAs were isolated for genotyping using SSR markers. Panicle exertion was observed during the grain-filling stage. The awn length of the seed and the total spikelet number per panicle were observed after harvesting. A total of four QTLs were identified using single-marker regression with LOD>3, explaining 8.4-18.1% of phenotypic variation. A QTL for awn was identified on Chromosome 8. A QTL for incomplete panicle exertion was identified on Chromosome 4. Two QTLs for total spikelet number were identified on Chromosome 4, in which the BIO-148 allele contributed to a higher number of spikelets per panicle. The QTLs identified in this study will be useful in the improvement of yield potential for modern lowland indica rice varieties by harnessing the hidden useful alleles from upland tropical japonica rice varieties.
Density Profiles, Energy, and Oscillation Strength of a Quantum Dot in Two Dimensions with a Harmonic Oscillator External Potential using an Orbital-free Energy Functional Based on Thomas–Fermi Theory Alfarisa, Suhufa; Dwandaru, Wipsar Sunu Brams; Darmawan, Denny
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 20, No. 1
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Abstract

This research aims i) to determine the density profile and calculate the ground state energy of a quantum dot in two dimensions (2D) with a harmonic oscillator potential using orbital-free density functional theory, and ii) to understand the effect of the harmonic oscillator potential strength on the electron density profiles in the quantum dot. This study determines the total energy functional of the quantum dot that is a functional of the density that depends only on spatial variables. The total energy functional consists of three terms. The first term is the kinetic energy functional, which is the Thomas–Fermi approximation in this case. The second term is the external potential. The harmonic oscillator potential is used in this study. The last term is the electron–electron interactions described by the Coulomb interaction. The functional is formally solved to obtain the electron density as a function of spatial variables. This equation cannot be solved analytically, and thus a numerical method is used to determine the profile of the electron density. Using the electron density profiles, the ground state energy of the quantum dot in 2D can be calculated. The ground state energies obtained are 2.464, 22.26, 90.1957, 252.437, and 496.658 au for 2, 6, 12, 20, and 56 electrons, respectively. The highest electron density is localized close to the middle of the quantum dot. The density profiles decrease with the increasing distance, and the lowest density is at the edge of the quantum dot. Generally, increasing the harmonic oscillator potential strength reduces the density profiles around the center of the quantum dot.

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