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Ivandini Tribidasari A.
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Makara Journal of Science
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 23391995     EISSN : 23560851     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/mss
Core Subject :
Makara Journal of Science publishes original research or theoretical papers, notes, and minireviews on new knowledge and research or research applications on current issues in basic sciences, namely: Material Sciences (including: physics, biology, and chemistry); Biochemistry, Genetics, and Molecular Biology (including: microbiology, physiology, ecology, taxonomy and evolution); and Biotechnology.
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Articles 880 Documents
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Effect of Global Warming on Chlorophyll-a Concentration in the Indonesian Waters Martono,
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 20, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Chlorophyll-a is a pigment that is contained in phytoplankton. Through the photosynthesis process, chlorophyll-a plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of global warming on chlorophyll-a concentration in Indonesian waters. The data used includes the monthly data of sea surface temperatures from 1984-2013, CO2 concentrations from 1980-2014, and chlorophyll-a concentrations from 2003-2014. The method used is linear regression. The results show that sea surface temperatures in Indonesian waters increased by about 0.51 °C from 1984-2013. The effects of global warming on chlorophyll-a concentrations varies between different areas of Indonesian waters. From the 12 research sites, 9 showed a decrease in concentration and 3 showed an increase.
The Diversity of Wild Banana Species (Genus Musa) in Java Sulistyaningsih, Lulut Dwi
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 20, No. 1
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Abstract

The diversity of wild banana species (genus Musa, listed in Flora of Java) has been revised. The present taxonomic study is based on morphological characteristics observed in the herbarium specimens deposited at the Herbarium Bogoriense (BO), living collections in the Bogor Botanical Garden, the Cibodas Botanical Garden, and during the explorations done at Mt. Salak, West Java. Eight species of Musa (Musa acuminata, M. balbisiana, M. coccinea, M. ornata, M. salaccensis, M. sanguinea, M. textilis and M. velutina) and seven infraspecific taxa of M. acuminata are recognized in Java, of which two infraspecific taxa are endemic. West Java is the center of distribution for the wild banana species in Java. Taxonomic descriptions including an identification key are presented.
Potential of Indigenous Methanotrophic Bacteria as a Biological Control Agent Against Xanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzae Causing Diseases on Rice Nontji, Maimuna; Amran, Farizah Dhaifina
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 23, No. 2
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Abstract

Methanotrophic bacteria inhabit the rhizosphere and potentially inhibit the growth of pathogens. Therefore, they have potential utility as biological control agents. This study aimed to analyze 10 isolates of indigenous Methanotrophic bac-teria with the potential to act as biological control agents for Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Analysis of antagonistic activity was conducted by the direct inhibition method on media using the following parameters: the time to formation of a clear zone, the diameter of the clear zone, and the index of inhibition. The study recommended two isolates as bio-logical control agents that can be combined to inhibit the growth of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae.
Characterization of Cellulase Enzyme Produced by Two Selected Strains of Streptomyces Macrosporeus Isolated from Soil in Indonesia Soeka, Yati; Suharna, Nandang; Triana, Evi; Yulinery, Titin
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 23, No. 2
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Abstract

This study was conducted to characterize the cellulase enzymes produced by Streptomyces macrosporeus BB 32 and S.microspores KRC 21. D, which were isolated from Tanjung Pendam, Belitung Island, and from Cibodas Botanical Gar-den, Indonesia, respectively. The optimal activity of the enzymes was analyzed using parameters such as incubationtime, pH, temperature, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) concentration. The effect of the addition of some metal ions asactivators or inhibitors was also analyzed spectrophotometrically at λ 540 nm. Results demonstrated that the activity of the cellulase enzymes of S. macrosporeus BB 32 and S. macrosporeus KRC 21 D reached the optimum level after 2 and5 days of incubation and at pH values of 8.0 and 6.0, temperatures of 35 °C and 50 °C, and CMC concentrations of 1.75% and 2%, respectively. S. macrosporeus BB 32 cellulase was activated by the cations CuCl2, MgCl2, and ZnCl2but inhibited by NaCl and CoCl2, reducing its activity. The cellulase of S. macrosporeusKRC 21.D was activated bythe cation NaCl and by the divalent cations CoCl2, CuCl2, MgCl2, and ZnCl2.S. macrosporeus BB 32 was deposited at the Indonesian Culture Collection with the collection number InaCC A144.
Sterol and Triterpene Profiles of the Callus Culture of Solanum mammosum Juliana, Silvy; Suciati,; Indrayanto, Gunawan
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 23, No. 2
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Abstract

This study aimed to compare the sterol and triterpene profiles of two types of Solanum mammosum callus cultures , i.e., compact globular structure (CGS) and normal fine (F) calluses. The CGS callus resulted from the differentiation of the F calus culture after many years of subculturing. The growth rate, microscopic characteristics, and morphologies of the two callus types were determined and compared. Sterols and triterpenes were identified through thin-layer chromatog-raphy, gas chromatography-flame ionization detection, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses. The growth rate of the CGS callus was lower than that of the F callus. Microscopic identification revealed that thick, lignincontaining cell walls formed in the CGS callus but not in the F callus. The chromatographic analysis suggested that the CGS and F callus cultures had different sterol and triterpenoid profiles. The sterols and triterpenes produced by the CGC culture were more diverse than those produced by the F callus culture
Extraction of “Quercetin-Rich” Red Onion Skin with Acetone and Chemical Modification using Aromatic Diazonium Salts Manizabayo, Gervais; Chukwu, Uche John; Abayeh, Ovi Julius
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 23, No. 2
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Abstract

The extraction of “quercetin-rich” red onion skin (red onion skin extract [ROSE]) using acetone and chemical modification with aromatic diazonium salts of aniline (AmROSE), 2-aminophenol (APmROSE), and 2-aminobenzoic acid (ABmROSE) were carried out in this study. The effects of the particle diameter of red onion skin (ROS), volume of the solvent, and percentage of acetone in the solvent mixture on the extraction yield were investigated. The solubility, color, melting point, and functional groups present in ROSE before and after modification were also analyzed. The extraction of ROS using an aqueous solvent of 50% acetone gave the highest percentage extraction yield. In addition to the C=O, OH, C-O-C, and C-O-H functional groups that were present in both unmodified ROSE (UROSE) and modified ROSE, Infrared spectra results revealed that all the modifications (AmROSE, APmROSE, and ABmROSE) showed the presence of N=N and C-N of aromaticazo compounds at 1512–1496 and 1288–1256 cm−1, respectively. The three modifications were also found to be more soluble than UROSE in all the solvents. The melting point of UROSE and its modifications was within the range of 78 °C–105 °C, which was lowerthan that of commercial quercetin dehydrate P-Q (300 °C–310 °C).
Blended Film from PVA and Sansevieria trifasciata Dichloromethane Fraction for Reducing Heat Radiation from Smartphones Ilmiawati, Auliya; Pujiyati,; Hidayat, Asep; Sugita, Purwantiningsih; Irfana, Luthfan; Arifin, Budi
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 23, No. 2
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Abstract

It has been reported that the lidah mertua plant (Sansevieria trifasciata) can absorb electromagnetic radiation from vari-ous electronic equipment. The current study aimed to make a film layer from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and a dichloro-methane (DCM) fraction of S. trifasciatato reduce heat radiation from smartphones. S. trifasciataleaves were macer-ated using ethanol and partitioned with ethyl acetate, DCM, and n-butanol. The DCM fraction was chosen to create the film, for which PVA was also used. The blended film made from PVA and 0.02% DCM reduced heat radiation from smartphones by up to 4.4 °C starting from the first minute of use; its heat reduction remained stable until the 20th mi-nute. Based on these results, it was determined that the active compounds in the DCM fraction are closely related to saponin-type steroids.
Bioconversion of Glycerol to Docosahexaenoic Acid by Thraustochytrium WB-02 an Indigenous Indonesian Microalga Strain Basuki, Witono
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 23, No. 2
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Abstract

Glycerol is a by-product of the biodiesel industry, and it can be processed to produce many useful derivatives. This study is aimed at examining the bioconversion of glycerol to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) using local microalgae. Glycerol to docosahexaenoic acid converting microalgae were obtained from the mangrove area in the coastal sea of Lampung Province. The single colony was then generated by the scratching technique in its isolation and purification process. By using 18S rDNA, a potential strain namely WB-02, was identified as Thraustochytrium sp. Gas chromatog-raphy analysis was performed to identify its product conversion. As a result, Thraustochytrium WB-02 was identified toutilize glycerol as a single carbon source and convert to DHA. A maximum DHA yield of more than 3.4 g/L was ob-tained when the glycerol concentration in the medium was 8%. Thraustochytrium WB-02 was regarded as a potential microalgae resource in producing DHA due to its high level of production.
Sequence Variability in the NRAMP1 Geneamong Indigenous and Exotic Chicken Types Desmond, Abazuh Uchenna; Olajide, Adekoya Khalid; Olufunmilayo, Oboh Bola
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 23, No. 2
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Abstract

The natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1) gene in chickens, which exists on chromosome 7, is thought to play a significant role in disease resistance. Variations in this gene have been documented and have played crucial roles in the variations in the resistance and/or susceptibility that is expressed by individuals and different groups of animal species. In this study, the NRAMP1 gene was studied for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variability between indigenous and exotic chicken breeds. The gene was amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and sequenced and analyzed. Six SNPs, both synonymous and non-synonymous (C3700T, G3702C, A3712C, C3714G, C3693G, and G3705T), were detected in the gene in both indigenous and exotic chicken types. One allele form was detected among all the sample animals that were studied. A phylogenetic tree revealed that the indigenous chicken type and the exotic broiler chicken type are genetically similar with respect to this gene. However, the exotic layer chicken type is genetically suggested to be distantly related to both the indigenous and broiler chicken types, indi-cating that the gene has probably beenevolving both within and among different poultry species.
Adsorption of Phosphate Ion in Water with Lithium-Intercalated Gibbsite Sihombing, Riwandi; Krisnandi, Yuni Krisyuningsih; Widya, Rahma; Luthfiyah, Siti Zahrotul; Yunarti, Rika Tri
Makara Journal of Science Vol. 19, No. 4
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Abstract

In order to enhance adsorption capacity of gibbsite (Al(OH)3 as an adsorbent for the adsorption of phosphate in water, gibbsite was modified through lithium-intercalation. The purification method of Tributh and Lagaly was applied prior to intercalation. The Li-Intercalation was prepared by the dispersion of gibbsite into LiCl solution for 24 hours. This intercalation formed an cationic clay with the structure of [LiAl2(OH)6]+ and exchangeable Cl- anions in the gibbsite interlayer. A phosphate adsorption test using Lithium-intercalated gibbsite (LIG) resulted in optimum adsorption occurring at pH 4.5 with an adsorption capacity of 11.198 mg phosphate/g LIG which is equivalent with 1.04 wt% LIG. The adsorption capacity decreased with decreasing amounts of H2PO4-/HPO4- species in the solution. This study showed that LIG has potential as an adsorbent for phosphate in an aqueous solution with pH 4.5–9.5.

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