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Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 02151936 EISSN : 26148412 DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/bkm.v37i2.2320

Core Subject : Health,

Nursing Public Health

Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM Public Health and Community Medicine) is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that deals with the fields of public health and public medicine. The topics of the article will be grouped according to the main message of the author. This focus covers areas and scope related to aspects of: - Epidemiology - Infectious diseases control - Clinical Epidemiology - Environmental Health - Occupational Health - Healthy City - Public Health and Primary Health Care - School of Health Promotion - Healthy lifestyles - Health promotion - Health and Social Behavior - Tobacco and smoking - Adolescent Health - Public Health Nutrition - Maternal and Child Health - Reproductive Health - Population Health - Health of Vulnerable People - Social Determinants of Health - Water, Sanitation and Hygiene - Human Resource Management

Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan

Articles 1,528 Documents

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Perbedaan Respon CD4 Menggunakan Terapi Antiretroviral Berbasis Nevirapine dengan Efavirenz Pada Pasien Terinfeksi HIV di RSUD Dr. Haji Moch. Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin, Kalimantan Selatan
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 33, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.12916

Latar belakang: Penggunaan nevirapine (NVP) dan efavirenz (EFV) sebagai basis terapi antiretroviral memiliki efikasi klinis yang sama, namun berbeda efikasi virologi. Kedua obat tersebut dinyatakan mampu menekan jumlah virus dan meningkatkan jumlah CD4 pada pasien terinfeksi HIV, namun tidak diketahui manakah dari kedua obat tersebut yang memiliki respon imunologi yang lebih baik untuk meningkatkan jumlah CD4. Tujuan: Penelitian ini membandingkan respon peningkatan jumlah CD4 menggunakan terapi antiretroviral (ART) berbasis NVP dan EFV pada pasien terinfeksi HIV. Metode: Penelitian dengan desain retrospective cohort study. Data penelitian diperoleh dari rekam medis pasien terinfeksi HIV di RSUD Dr. Haji Moch. Ansari Saleh Banjarmasin, dari Desember 2004 sampai Januari 2015. Pasien dianalisis adalah pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditetapkan. Dilakukan pengukuran peningkatan jumlah CD4 ≥25%. Hasil: Seratus limabelas pasien (115) memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, terbagi atas 66 pasien menerima ART berbasis NVP (47 pasien mengalami peningkatan CD4 ≥25%, 1 pasien meninggal dunia), dan 49 pasien menerima ART berbasis EFV (33 pasien mengalami peningkatan jumlah CD4 ≥25%). RR ART berbasis NVP terhadap ARV berbasis EFV adalah 1,08 (CI 95% 0,85-1,38; p>0,05). Rerata peningkatan CD4 dari baseline pada masing-masing kelompok berbeda signifikan (p<0,05), tetapi perbandingan rerata perubahan absolut CD4 pada kedua kelompok tidak berbeda signifikan (p>0,05). Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan jumlah CD4 ≥25% adalah 12 bulan setelah terapi menggunakan basis NVP (CI 95% 6,62-17,38), dan 11 bulan setelah terapi menggunakan basis EFV (CI 95% 8,50-13,50). Tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada waktu yang dibutuhkan meningkatkan jumlah CD4 ≥25% (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Baik penggunaan ART berbasis NVP, ataupun berbasis EFV mampu meningkatkan jumlah CD4 dari baseline secara siginifikan, namun tidak terdapat perbedaan peningkatan rerata jumlah CD4 secara bermakna antara kedua kelompok basis terapi ARV.

Strategies for increasing effective coverage of hypertension services in health care facilities: a scoping review Djasri, Hanevi; Alfajri, Novi Zain; Asdary, Rahma Novita; Wardoyo, Muhammad Hardhantyo Puspo
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine Vol 40 No 04 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Purpose: To identify supporting and inhibiting factors for effective coverage of hypertension services, as well as recommendations for improvement efforts that can be made. Methods: A scoping review consists of five steps: Identification of research questions, identification of relevant research articles, study selection, data collection, and data synthesis. Results: 19 articles met the research objectives. Supporting factors include information systems, electronic-based pharmaceutical services, self-management, health insurance, quality improvement cycles, support for professionals, patients’ interventions, and digital technology. Inhibiting factors include low health insurance coverage, inaccurate equipment, inappropriate diagnosis and treatment, lack of screening coverage, difficulty in access, and differences in policies and procedures between regions. Recommendations for improvement include changes to service systems, the use of defined hypertension thresholds, ensuring blood pressure measurement devices are functioning properly, and the implementation of consistent policies, systems, and processes throughout the healthcare system, including between regions. Conclusion: There are various opportunities for improvement, both in utilizing existing supportive factors and reducing inhibiting factors, as well as in implementing various improvement recommendations, especially those that proved effective in published research.

Higiene perorangan dan karakteristik orang tua pada kejadian infeksi kecacingan siswa sekolah dasar Fitria Eka Putri; Lucky Herawati; Sitti Rahmah Umniyati
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 33, No 7 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Personal hygiene, parents’ characteristics and worm infection among elementary school students in Gunung Kidul PurposeThe study aimed to analyze the correlation between individual hygiene of the students and characteristics of the student’s parents, and the worm infestation infection among state elementary school students in Gunung Kidul Regency.MethodsThe design of the study was cross-sectional while the sampling technique was by purposive sampling. Respondents of the research were the third to fifth grade students from four elementary schools. Primary data gathering was conducted from April to May 2016, using observation and questionnaire pages as the instruments. The data analysis was performed using Fisher Exact test with confidence level of 95% and alpha= 0.05.ResultsThe results of the research show the prevalence of STH in Belik, Kropak, Gesing and Tepus I students, which was 2.7%. In the bivariate analysis, the variable which has significant relation with worm infestation infection is mother’s knowledge with PR= 0.91 (95% CI=0.82-1.02; p=0.035).ConclusionThis research suggests that public health center and school need to improve health promotion in elementary school children and mothers about clean and healthy life behavior.

Determinan konsumsi mie instan pada mahasiswa Universitas Sriwijaya Vera Utami; Yayi Suryo Prabandari; Susetyowati Susetyowati
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 33, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Determinants of instant noodles consumption among students in Sriwijaya universityPurposeThis study aimed to explore the factors that influence the instant noodle consumption among students in Sriwijaya university. MethodsThis research was a qualitative study with phenomenological approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 20 informants. The sampling technique was purposive sampling. The data collection was conducted from June-September 2015.ResultsThis study showed that individual factors are the most influential factors, including time constraints, taste, aroma, and prices which were supported by the social environmental factors, including the pattern of family relationships and patterns of friendship. Physical environmental factors included easy access and sufficient availability of instant noodles and macro environmental factors including the lack of campus policies, social norms in the society as well as the advertising effect on the consumption of instant noodles with new flavors. ConclusionStudents receive advice about diet from educational promotional efforts through seminars and social media.

Pengalaman hidup ibu dengan riwayat kehamilan preeklamsia di Yogyakarta Maulida Rahmawati Emha; Elsi Dwi Hapsari; Wiwin Lismidiati
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 33, No 4 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Life experience of mother with preeclampsy pregnancy history in YogyakartaPurposeThe purpose of this paper was to determine the life experience of women with pre-eclampsia pregnancy history.MethodsThis research was a phenomenology study involving 7 postpartum mothers with history of pregnancy and delivery of preeclampsia in Dr. Sardjito Hospital conducted from June to September 2015.ResultsBased on this research, there were 4 themes which were found: 1) the symptoms that are felt to affect the psychological, spiritual, physical and behavior of the mother; 2) Awareness raising; 3) Source of power from family and community; and 4) Anxiety and fear have an impact on the mother's perception during the process of referral and childbirth.ConclusionThis study contributes to the knowledge that maternal conditions with preeclampsia pregnancy and childbirth in Yogyakarta still require the attention of health workers, especially from the aspects of alertness to perceived symptoms and the importance of information about pregnancy preeclampsia.

Pengaruh konseling laktasi terhadap pengetahuan, kemampuan dan keberhasilan ibu dalam pemberian ASI Anita Liliana; Elsi Dwi Hapsari; Wenny Artanti Nisman
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 33, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

The effect of lactation counseling towards mother’s knowledge, ability and success rate in breastfeedingPurposeThis study aimed to identify the effect of lactation counseling towards mother’s knowledge, ability, and success in breastfeeding in Panembahan Senopati General Hospital, Bantul.MethodsThis research was a quasi-experimental study with a post test-only non-equivalent control group design. Sample collection technique used consecutive sampling with 32 respondents as total samples in each group (intervention group and control group). ResultsBivariate analysis used chi square tests with significance level p<0.05. The intervention group was given lactation counseling (p = 0.000 [<0.05]). There was a significant difference in mother’s ability to breastfeed between the intervention group and control group after they were given lactation counseling (p=0.012 [<0.05]; RR=1.917). There was also a significant difference in the success rate of breastfeeding between the intervention and control group after counseling (p= 0.006 [<0.05]; RR=2.500).ConclusionLactation counseling can positively affect the mother’s knowledge, ability, and success rate in breastfeeding.

Dental Caries: Empowering School Teachers as Today's Smile Heroes for Children Prabowo, Kukuh Eko
BKM Public Health and Community Medicine The 12th UGM Public Health Symposium
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (294.627 KB)

Purpose: Dental caries is a prevalent chronic disease among children, affecting up to 93% in Indonesia. This study aims to optimize the role of teachers as today's smile heroes through empowerment initiatives. Methods: Many parents still believe that dental issues in children are insignificant because their primary teeth will eventually be replaced by permanent ones. However, evidence shows that the first permanent molars typically emerge around 6-7 years and are most susceptible to caries. This susceptibility is due to children frequently consuming cariogenic foods such as chocolate, candy, cakes, and sugary drinks without maintaining proper oral hygiene. Such habits increase the risk of dental caries, which can lead to severe health issues like gingivitis and periodontitis, affecting food mastication. The exposure to advertisements for cariogenic foods on social media and television also influences children's purchasing behavior. The current availability of school-based dental caries prevention programs (UKGS) is inadequate. Empowering school teachers as smile heroes can maximize the potential resources within schools. Results: Trained school teachers can help detect dental health issues early, allowing for timely interventions before problems escalate into more severe conditions. By empowering teachers as smile heroes in dental caries prevention, schools can create an environment that supports optimal dental and oral health for children, promoting healthy smiles. This initiative is crucial to support the “Indonesia Free from Caries 2030” program by the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, aiming to reduce the prevalence of dental caries among children. Conclusion: Empowering school teachers is essential for improving children's dental health. Trained teachers can effectively detect and address dental problems early, fostering a supportive environment for optimal oral hygiene and contributing to the national goal of reducing childhood dental caries.

Beban biaya penyakit demam berdarah dengue di rumah sakit dan puskesmas Evitrisna Warni Sihite; Yodi Mahendradata; Tri Baskoro
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 33, No 7 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Latar belakang: Di awal tahun 2016, Kabupaten Banjarnegara telah mengalami kejadian luar biasa DBD dengan jumlah kasus sebanyak 230 kasus hingga minggu I bulan April 2016. Peningkatan kasus DBD merupakan ancaman yang cukup besar untuk kesehatan masyarakat dan menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi yang besar akibat dari biaya kesakitan Penaykit DBD. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui biaya yang disebabkan oleh penyakit DBD berdasarkan perspektif pasien/keluarga di Rumah Sakit dan Puskesmas Kabupaten Banjarnegara tahun 2016.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan desain survei prospektif. Data sekunder diperoleh dari puskesmas dan rumah sakit dan data primer melalui wawancara. Data diolah dengan software MS Excel dan dianalisis menggunakan software STATA versi 12.Hasil: Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 57 orang. Biaya langsung Rp 207.290.500 (rata-rata Rp 3.636.676). Biaya tidak langsung Rp 68.016.900 (rata-rata Rp 1.193.300). Biaya kesakitan penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue adalah sebesar Rp.275.307.500 (rata-rata Rp.4.829.955). Biaya Kesakitan Penyakit DBD lebih tinggi pada aki-laki, kelompok >15 tahun, kelompok pekerja, lama sakit >7 hari, tidak memiliki jaminan kesehatan dan tidak menggunakan jaminan kesehatan, penggunaan fasilitas layanan kesehatan, praktik swasta dan RSUD, > 2 kali kunjungan, dan waktu tempuh >15 menit. Hasil analisis menunjukkan umur (p=0,0209), status pekerjaan (0,0389), kepemilikan jaminan kesehatan (0,0022), dan penggunaan jaminan kesehatan (p=0,0003).Kesimpulan: Biaya kesakitan penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue adalah sebesar Rp 275.307.500, dimana 75,29% merupakan biaya langsung dan 24,71% biaya tidak langsung. Meningkatkan peran aktif semua sektor terkait dan pembagian peran yang jelas untuk masing-masing sektor sehingga pengendalian DBD menjadi terarah dan dukungan anggaran untuk upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian DBD.

Prevalence of risk factors in adults who have subjective symptoms to coronary disease in Gunungkidul Musa Wakasala; Citra Indriani; Yayi Suryo Prabandari
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 32, No 12 (2016)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

The prevalence of risk factors in adults who have subjective coronary heart disease symptoms in Gunung KidulPurposeThis study aimed to identify the risk factors of smoking, passive smoking, physical activity, and consumption of fruits and vegetables in adults who have subjective coronary heart disease symptoms.MethodsThis study used secondary data involving 586 participants. Data were obtained from the survey of clean and healthy behaviors conducted by the provincial health office in 2015. Samples were adults aged 18-60 and aged < 18 who have been married and settled in Gunungkidul. Analysis of the relationship between variables used chi-square and Poisson regression tests.ResultsThe prevalence of smoking was lower in those who experience coronary heart disease subjective symptoms than those who do not have this symptom. Multivariate analysis showed a significant association between passive smoking, fruit and vegetable consumption, level of education and coronary heart disease subjective symptoms.ConclusionThis study recommends making a regulation of non-smoking areas and its application in the society. It is also necessary to do socialization and counseling about the dangers, symptoms, and prevention of coronary heart disease.

Effect of deep breathing and positive affirmation on blood pressure in essential hypertension Andi Dian Puji Lestari; Riris Andono Ahmad; Heru Prasanto
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 33, No 5 (2017)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Latar Belakang: Complementary and Alternative Medicine merupakan salah satu strategi penatalaksanaan non-farmakologi. Salah satu konsepnya dikenal dengan istilah self-healing. Deep breathing dan afirmasi positif merupakan metode self-healing yang paling sederhana, lebih mudah diaplikasikan secara mandiri, praktis untuk dilakukan setiap saat, tidak memerlukan instruktur dan tempat khusus yang kondusif sehingga relevan diterapkan pada pasien dengan status sosial ekonomi menengah ke bawah. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membandingkan pengaruh kedua metode tersebut terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi esensial di Kabupaten Kulon Progo.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental analitik dengan rancangan eksperimen terkontrol acak. Melibatkan 96 pasien hipertensi esensial yang dibagi secara acak ke dalam dua kelompok intervensi yaitu deep breathing dan afirmasi positif. Kelompok DB diminta untuk melakukan pernafasan perut selama kurang lebih 10 menit, sedangkan kelompok AP diminta untuk mengucapkan salah satu kalimat afirmasi positif yang telah ditentukan secara berulang-ulang dan ritmis di dalam hati selama kurang lebih 10 menit. Pengukuran tekanan darah dilakukan sebelum, segera setelah, dan 15 menit setelah intervensi. Perbedaan rerata tekanan darah diuji menggunakan paired t-test dan unpaired t-test sedangkan kekuatan efek size diuji dengan logistic regression.Hasil: Deep breathing dan afirmasi positif dapat menurunkan tekanan darah sistolik (11,9±10,9 dan 13,6±10,5) dan diastolik (8,3±8,4 dan 6,0±8,6) pada pasien hipertensi esensial (p value 0,000; std mean diff>0,7). Rerata tekanan darah pada pengukuran post1 dan post2 tidak berbeda (CI 95%:0,06-4,91). Penurunan tekanan darah pada kedua kelompok tidak berbeda (p value>0,1). Kesimpulan: Efektivitas deep breathing dan afirmasi positif dalam menurunkan tekanan darah adalah sama. Penurunan tekanan darah kedua metode tersebut stabil hingga 15 menit setelah intervensi. Oleh karena itu, perlu diagendakan kegiatan relaksasi rutin untuk pasien hipertensi minimal pada kelompok pasien yang sudah terorganisir seperti Kelompok Hipertensi Prolanis di Puskesmas.

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Home Page

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Contact Name Ika Kusumaningtyas

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Phone +628988833412

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Editorial Address Sekretariat Bersama Jurnal, Lt. 2 Atas Kantin IKM, FK-KMK UGM Jl. Farmako, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281

Location Kab. sleman, Daerah istimewa yogyakarta INDONESIA

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Contact Name
Ika Kusumaningtyas

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tyas.kusuma@ugm.ac.id

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+628988833412

Journal Mail Official
bkm.fk@ugm.ac.id

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Sekretariat Bersama Jurnal, Lt. 2 Atas Kantin IKM, FK-KMK UGM Jl. Farmako, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281

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Kab. sleman,

Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA