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UJI AKTIVITAS REPELAN MINYAK ATSIRI JAHE EMPRIT (Zingiber officinale Roxb. “Cochin Ginger”) DAN JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale Roxb. var rubrum) DENGAN BASIS MINYAK WIJEN DAN MINYAK KELAPA TERHADAP NYAMUK Aedes aegypti Mulyani, Sri; Sari, Reidinda Ratna Puspita; Umniyati, Sitti Rahmah
Majalah Obat Tradisional Vol 19, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1096.668 KB) | DOI: 10.14499/mot-TradMedJ19iss2pp80-88

Abstract

Nyamuk Aedes aegypti merupakan vektor penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD). Penggunaan repelan sintetik menimbulkan masalah bagi kesehatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan minyak atsiri jahe emprit (A) dan minyak atsiri jahe merah (B), sebagai repelan nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Peningkatan aktivitas repelan diupayakan dengan memformulasikan (A) dan (B) dengan basis minyak wijen dan minyak kelapa. Tujuan penelitian adalah membandingkan aktivitas repelan antara (A) dengan (B), mengetahui pengaruh minyak basis terhadap aktivitas repelan (A) dan (B), mengetahui konsentrasi efektif minyak atsiri dalam minyak basis sebagai repelan. Isolasi minyak atsiri menggunakan destilasi air dan uap air. Pemeriksaan komponen minyak atsiri secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif menggunakan GC-MS. Aktivitas repelan diuji melalui 3 tahap yaitu : inisiasi, penentuan konsentrasi efektif, dan aktivitas repelan konsentrasi efektif. Dilakukan pengolesan minyak atsiri konsentrasi tertentu (100%, 50% dalam basis, konsentrasi efektif hasil Simplex Lattice Design) dan minyak sereh Caplang® (kontrol positif) pada punggung tangan. Tangan dimasukkan ke dalam sangkar berukuran (20x20x20) cm3 berisi 25 ekor nyamuk Aedes aegypti betina. Jumlah nyamuk hinggap dicatat untuk menghitung daya proteksi. Waktu pertama kali nyamuk menggigit dicatat sebagai lama proteksi. Analisis data menggunakan One-way ANOVA dilanjutkan Post Hoc Test Tukey HSD (Homogeneous subsets) atau Kruskal-Wallis dilanjutkan Mann-Whitney Test. Hasil penelitian (A) dan (B) mengandung kamfen, mirsen, 1,8-sineol, l-linalool, l-borneol, neral, geraniol, sitral, dan α-kurkumen (hanya pada A), yang secara kuantitatif berbeda. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa (B) memiliki aktivitas repelan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan (A). Basis minyak wijen memberikan pengaruh yang lebih baik terhadap aktivitas repelan minyak atsiri jahe dibandingkan dengan basis minyak kelapa. Konsentrasi efektif minyak jahe merah dan jahe emprit dalam basis minyak wijen, minyak kelapa, berturut-turut adalah 75, 85, 85 dan 90%.
Standardization of Immunocytochemical method for the diagnosis of Dengue Viral Infection in Aedes aegypti Linn Mosquitoes (Diptera Culicidane) Umniyati, Sitti Rahmah
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 41, No 01 (2009)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

methods for virus detection in the mosquito, such as the direct fluorescent-antibody test on head squashes. However, it has the disadvantages of being labor-intensive and requiring fluorescent microscope as well as cryofreezer. Newer methods involving enzyme conjugates such as peroxidase in conjunction with either polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies are greatly improved. With new methods of immunocytochemistry, it is now possible to detect dengue viral antigen in a variety of tissues. Objective: This study was aimed to standardize an immunocytochemical streptavidin-biotin-peroxidasecomplex assay for diagnosis of dengue infection in Aedes aegypti using monoclonal antibody DSSC7. Methods: The infected mosquitoes were held in small cylindrical cages covered with mosquito netting, and incubated at 27:t 1°C ami at relative humidity of 88:t 6 %. The specificity of the immunocytochemical procedure was validated by negative and positive controls showing that the antibody was bound to an appropriate structure. The sensitivity and specificity were also evaluated based on Herrmanns Formula. The presence of dengue antigen on head squash preparation was detected based on ISBPC assay using monoclonal antibody against dengue. The validity and reliability of the measurement were evaluated based on kappa values, according to Landis and Koch. Result: Positive result was detected as discrete brownish granular deposits throughout most visual fields of brain tissue. Dengue viral antigen was immunolocalized to the cytoplasm of brain cells. The immunocytochemical test under light microscope at magnification of 400x was 86.67% sensitive, 96.00% specific, and the kappa value is 0.64. Meanwhile the kappa value between two observers was 0.92, with sensitivity and specificity of 96% and 97% respectively at magnification of 1000x. Conclusion: The monoclonal antibody DSSC7 was sensitive, specific, valid, and reliable as primary antibody to detect dengue viral infection in Ae. aegypti head squash preparation based on immunocytochemical streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase-complex assay under light microscope. Key words: antigen - denguevirus - Aedes aegypti - immunocytochemistry - monoclonal antibody DSSC7
Resistance Status of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) on Malathion in Bengkulu City Triana, Dessy; Umniyati, Sitti Rahmah; Mulyaningsih, Budi
Unnes Journal of Public Health Vol 7 No 2 (2018): Unnes Journal of Public Health
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang in cooperation with Association of Indonesian Public Health Experts (Ikatan Ahli Kesehatan Masyarakat Indonesia (IAKMI))

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (195.976 KB) | DOI: 10.15294/ujph.v7i2.20153

Abstract

Abstract Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease caused by dengue virus and transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquito as the main vector and Aedes albopictus as secondary vector. In 2016, Bengkulu City was one of 3 cities that experiencing DHF outbreaks in Indonesia. Insecticides malathion have been used since 1990 in bulk in DHF control programs in Bengkulu City and have not had an evaluation report on Aedes sp. vulnerability to malathion. The purpose of this research was to know the resistance status of Ae albopictus mosquitoes from endemic and sporadic areas of DHF in Bengkulu City to malathion. The sample of the study was the Ae. albopictus adult female mosquitoes which collected from endemic and sporadic areas of DHF in Bengkulu City with ovitrap installation. The resistance test was performed by CDC Bottle Bioassay method with malation 96% and 50 μg/ml diagnostic dose of. The results of this study showed 1% mortality on endemic area and 5% on sporadic area. Aedes albopictus of both areas were resistant to malathion.   Keywords: Ae. albopictus, bottle bioassay, malathion.   Abstrak Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus dengue dan ditularkan oleh nyamuk Aedes aegypti sebagai vektor utama dan Aedes albopictus sebagai vektor sekunder. Pada tahun 2016, Kota Bengkulu merupakan 1 dari 3 kota yang mengalami KLB DBD di Indonesia. Insektisida malation telah digunakan sejak tahun 1990 secara massal dalam program pengendalian DBD di Kota Bengkulu dan belum memiliki laporan evaluasi mengenai kerentanan Aedes sp terhadap malation. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui status kerentanan nyamuk Ae. albopictus dari daerah endemis dan sporadis DBD Kota Bengkulu terhadap malation. Sampel penelitian adalah nyamuk betina dewasa Ae. albopictus yang dikoleksi dari daerah endemik dan sporadis DBD Kota Bengkulu dengan pemasangan ovitrap. Uji kerentanan dilakukan dengan metode CDC Bottle Bioassay dengan malation 96% dan dosis diagnostik 50 µg/ml. Hasil penelitian ini  menunjukkan mortalitas 1% untuk daerah endemis dan 5% untuk daerah sporadis. Aedes albopictus kedua daerah telah resisten terhadap malation.   Kata Kunci: Ae. albopictus, bottle bioassay, malation.
Kinetika Demam Berdarah Dengue dalam Spektrum Imunopatogenesis dan Klinis Lardo, Soroy; Soesatyo, Marsetyawan HNE; -, Juffrie; Umniyati, Sitti Rahmah
Cermin Dunia Kedokteran Vol 43, No 12 (2016): Kardiovaskular
Publisher : PT. Kalbe Farma Tbk.

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (151.299 KB) | DOI: 10.55175/cdk.v43i12.896

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Virus dengue adalah virus RNA termasuk genus Flavivirus dan familia Flaviviridae. Sampai saat ini dikenal empat serotipe yaitu DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 dan DEN-4. Infeksi salah satu serotipe akan menimbulkan antibodi protektif seumur hidup, tetapi tidak untuk serotipe lain. Struktur virus memiliki 10.700 basa di dalam genomnya. Di dalam genom terdapat sebuah single open reading frame (SORF) yang mengkode dua macam protein yaitu protein struktural dan nonstruktural. Protein NS1 merupakan protein non struktural glikoprotein dan bukan bagian dari struktur virion, tetapi diekspresikan pada permukaan sel. Protein NS1 merupakan penanda awal infeksi dengue yang akan berperan baik untuk proses imunopatogenesis dan spektrum klinis.Dengue virus is a RNA virus, genus Flavivirus and family Flaviviridae. There are currently four known serotypes, namely DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4. Infection of one serotype will produce a lifetime protective antibodies, but not for the other serotypes. The structure of the virus has a base of 10,700 in its genome. There is a single open reading frame (SORF) that encodes two different kinds protein that is stuctural and non structural protein. NS1 protein is a non structural protein glycoprotein, not part of the virion structure, but expressed on the cell surface. The kinetic profile of dengue virus NS1 protein is an early marker of dengue infection which would contribute both to the immunopathogenesis and clinical spectrum.NS1 protein has as important antigenecity as an early marker.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA FAKTOR EKOLOGI TERHADAP KEPADATAN PUPA AEDES AEGYPTI SEBAGAI VEKTOR PENYAKIT DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DI KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG Selvi Marcellia; Sitti Rahmah Umniyati; Mahardika Agus Wijayanti
Jurnal Farmasi Malahayati Vol 2, No 1 (2019): Jurnal Farmasi Malahayati
Publisher : Jurnal Farmasi Malahayati (JFM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (422.105 KB) | DOI: 10.33024/jfm.v2i1.1546

Abstract

Penyakit demam berdarah dengue (DBD) merupakan penyakit yang ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus. Jumlah kasus DBD tertinggi di salah satu provinsi yang ada di Indonesia yaitu di Provinsi Lampung. Kota Bandar Lampung yang merupakan bagian dari Provinsi Lampung memiliki jumlah kasus DBD tertinggi karena jumlah penduduk yang cukup padat. Nyamuk Ae. aegypti berkembang biak dengan baik pada daerah yang memiliki ketinggian kurang dari 1000 m dpl dengan suhu antara 25o-30oC dan kelembaban optimal yang dibutuhkan antara 65%–80%. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui faktor ekologi yang memiliki kontribusi paling tinggi terhadap kepadatan pupa Ae. aegypti sebagai vektor penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Kota Bandar Lampung. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian analitik observasional dengan rancangan studi cross sectional dengan pengamatan yang dilakukan one point in time. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua larva dan pupa Ae. aegypti yang dikoleksi dari Kelurahan Sukaraja, Kelurahan Korpri Raya, dan Kelurahan Gunung sulah yang termasuk wilayah endemis di Bandar Lampung. Kelurahan Korpri Raya di Kota Bandar Lampung memiliki faktor ekologi seperti temperatur udara, kelembaban udara, dan ketinggian tempat paling berpengaruh terhadap kepadatan populasi pupa Ae. aegypti karena nilai adjusted R2 pada Kelurahan Korpri Raya paling tinggi yaitu 20,9%. Berdasarkan nilai Standarized Coeficient Beta masing-masing wilayah sebesar 0,388; 0,255; 0,652 menunjukkan bahwa pada Kelurahan Gunung Sulah dan Kelurahan Korpri Raya variabel yang memiliki hubungan paling berpengaruh terhadap kepadatan populasi pupa Ae. aegypti adalah temperatur udara.
Comparison of Immunochromatography Method and Immunocytochemistry Method in Rapid Detection of NS-1 Antigen in Dengue Infection How Tien Jack; Sitti Rahmah Umniyati; Elsa Herdiana Murhandarwati
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 3, No 1 (2013): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1430.552 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/tmj.5840

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction: Rapid test kit based on immunochromatography test (ICT) in detecting dengue NS-1 antigen for early dengue infection is available in the market. Its availability allows earlier management for dengue infected patient but it remains costly to most people. Recently, Dengue Team of Universitas Gadjah Mada has developed monoclonal antibodies to detect the presence of dengue NS-1 antigen in leucocytes of infected patients based on Streptavid in Biotin Peroxidase Complex (SBPC) immunocytochemistry method.Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the validity of the immunochromatography (SD Dengue NS1 Ag) method by determining kappa agreement index between two observers, and to compare the diagnostic performances of ICT and immunocytochemistry methods in detecting dengue NS1 antigen in the blood samples.Methods: A cross sectional study design is used. This study uses 35 blood plasma remains from a previous study conducted on RT-PCR method. Three drops of blood plasma were added into the well of SD Dengue Duo NS1 and results were read after 15-20 minutes. The diagnostic performances of ICT which defined by sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were calculated and compared to secondary data of immunocytochemistry result from the same blood samples, with reference of RT-PCR as a gold standard. A McNemar’s test was conducted and p value less than 0.05 was considered as significant different.Result: Detection of dengue infection by using SD Dengue NS1 Ag has strong agreements between two observers with kappa value of 1, and the sensitivity of 50%, specificity of 91%, positive predictive value of 92% and negative predictive value of 45% with reference of RT-PCR as a gold standard. Meanwhile sensitivity and specificity value of the immunocytochemistry test were 88% and 100% respectively, and the positive and negative predictive values were 100.0% and 70.0% respectively with reference of RT-PCR as a gold standard. The immunocytochemistry assay showed overall accuracy of 91,0%.Conclusion: Immunochromatography (SD Dengue NS1 Ag) method to detect NS-1 antigen has less sensitivity and specificity compared to SBPC immunocytochemistry method.Keyword: Immunocytochemistry, Immunochromatography, Streptavidin Biotin Peroxidase Complex (SBPC), NS-1 Ag, dengue
The Effects of Curcumin Against Dengue-2 Virus Based on Immunocytochemistry Technique Dewi Marbawati; Sitti Rahmah Umniyati
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 3, No 2 (2013): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (2351.105 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/tmj.5860

Abstract

ABSTRACT           Introduction: Dengue is the most important mosquito-borne flavivirus disease. The number of Dengue cases in Indonesia in 2010 range from 150,000 cases with the deaths of around 1,317 people. Huge number of cases have made Indonesia was the first ranked as the state with the highest Dengue cases in the ASEAN region and the world's second ranking after Brazil. The drugs  or antibiotics that can be administered effectively to cure this disease has not been found yet. Many study have been done and some that have been reported include viral RNA synthesis inhibitors, protein inhibitors of NS3 helicase and protease and inhibitors that inhibit Dengue virus maturation. Curcumin have preventive activity against several viruses: vasicular stomatis ( VSV ), HSV 1 and 2, parainfluenza - 3, reovirus - 1, feline corona virus, feline herpes virus . Curcumin also known have ubiquitin proteasome inhibition system was able to decrease the production of Japanese ensefalitis virus.Objectives: This study aims to determine safe concentrations of curcumin against vero cells (cytotoxic test results) and know the Dengue-2 antiviral potency of curcumin.Methods: Including quasi-experimental study. The anti viral potency of curcumin seen from the result of immunocytochemistry Streptavidin Biotin Peroxidase Complex (SBPC).  Data were analyzed by ANOVA.Results: The results showed that secure concentrations from cytotoxic of curcumin against vero cells is 6.25 ppm. The calculation of positive rate from immunocytochemistry in vero cells infected by Dengue - 2 incubation 1 and 3 days were the result is significantly different than the control.Conclusion: The secure concentration of curcumin against vero cells was 6.25 ppm and curcumin was able to lower the positive rate due to Dengue-2 infection.Key Words : Dengue virus, Curcumin, Immunocytochemistry.
The Effect of Anticoagulant in Blood Meal Source on the Aedes aegypti Reproductive Ability in Laboratory Novyan Lusiyana; Budi Mulyaningsih; Sitti Rahmah Umniyati
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 3, No 2 (2013): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (284.018 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/tmj.5872

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ABSTRACTIntroduction: Aedes aegypti is one of the major vectors of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) that can be reared in laboratory. Artificial membrane feeding (AMF) assay is used as a simulated host to blood feeding mosquitoes in laboratory.Objectives: The purpose of this study are to investigate the effect of heater and the most widely used anticoagulant of K3EDTA, heparin and sodium citrate on blood feeding sucsses, feeding rate, fecundity, hatchability, preadult development and survival rate of Aedes Aegypti colonies maintained by AMF system compared to direct human feeding.Methods: The system consisted of AMF with parafilm membrane which are warmed and not warmed by a waterbath. Human blood samples were used to feed Aedes aegypti using AMF. The number of eggs were counted seven days after feeding after mosquitoes laid the eggs. Every eggs were hatched in a 500 mL of rearing glass to evaluate the hatchability and preadult development. Survival rate is evaluated after blood feeding until 30 days. Data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and paired t-tests and a p value <0.05 considered as significantly difference.Results: Blood feeding success of Aedes aegypti was not significantly differ when offered blood meal using anticoagulant heparin with heater (82.22%) compare to that of control groups (81.67%) (p=0.917). There was a significant difference in feeding rate (p=0.000), fecundity (p=0.000), hatchability (p=0.000) between groups. All results were higher in heparin than K3EDTA and sodium citrate, but in pre adult development and survival rate K3EDTA showed better result than that of control, heparin and sodium citrate groups. So this anticoagulant was acceptable for maintenance of laboratory colonies of Aedes aegypti.Conclusion: We conclude that heater can increase the blood feeding sucsses. The K3EDTA, heparin and sodium citrate can affect the feeding rate, fecundity, hatchability, and preadult development, but do not affect survival rate. Heparin can be used for routine colonization of laboratory strain of Aedes aegypti with  AMF assay.Keywords: Anticoagulants, artificial membrane feeding, reproductive ability, survival rate
Organophosphate insecticide susceptible test and transovarial transmission detection of dengue virus on Aedes aegypti in Kendari Muhaimin Saranani; Sitti Rahmah Umniyati; Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 45, No 04 (2013)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (968.716 KB) | DOI: 10.19106/JMedScie004504201303

Abstract

Dengue Fever (DF) is a disease caused by the dengue virus that transmitted by Aedes aegypti(Ae. Aegypti) and Ae. albopictus. Dengue fever is now one of the most important public healthproblems in Indonesia. Vector control using insecticides is the most important strategy to controlthe DF. Massal fogging and selective abatisation have implementedd intensively to control Ae.aegypti. However after its a long time implementation, mosquitoes resistance and transovarialtransmission have been reported. The aim of the study was to evaluate the susceptibility statusof Ae. aegypti to organophosphate and its ability to transovarial transmit degue virus in KendariCity, South East Sulawesi. This was a observational study using cross-sectional design conductedin high endemic areas (Kadia Village) and low endemic areas (Kambu Village). Susceptibilitystatus of Ae. aegypti larvae from F1’s egg generation was evaluated by biochemic assay, whereasthe transovarial transmission of dengue virus of adult female Ae. aegypti was evaluated byimmunohistochemistry method using head squash preparation. The results showed that the Ae.aegypti larvae resistant was higher in high endemic areas (Kadia Village) (83.33%) than in lowendemica areas (Kambu Village) (60.00%). In addition, transovarial transmission index (TTI) ofAe. aegypti dengue virus in the high endemic areas (26%) was significantly higher than in thelow endemic areas (12%) (p<0.05). In conclusion, the Ae. aegypti larvae resitance toorganophosphate as well as the TTI in high endemic areas is higher than in low endemic area inKendari, Sout East Sulawesi.
Insecticide resistance and mechanisms of aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia Budi Mulyaningsih; Sitti Rahmah Umniyati; Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto; Ajib Diptyanusa; Dwi Aris Agung Nugrahaningsih; Yahiddin Selian
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 50, No 1 (2018)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (344.745 KB) | DOI: 10.19106/JMedSci005001201803

Abstract

For several decades, applications of organophosphates and pyrethroids insecticides have been extensively used to control Aedes aegypti as the primary dengue vector. Hence it is important to study dengue vector resistance status and its mechanisms in relation to long term use of insecticides. This study aimed to determine the resistance status and to characterize mechanisms of Ae. aegypti to organophosphates and pyrethroids using biological, biochemical and molecular assays. Larvae and puppae of Ae. aegypti were collected in the field of Plosokuning, Minomartani, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The biological assay was carried out using CDC Bottle Bioassay to test the resistant status to malation and cypermetrin. The biochemical assay was conducted using microplate assay with substrate α-naphthyl acetate to test the presence of esterase elevated activity, and the molecular assay was done using PCR with AaSCF7 and AaSCR7 primer to detect of point mutation at 1534 site, that located in the area of segment 6 of domain III. The biological assay showed Ae. aegypti suggests the possibility of resistance to malathion (mortality 82%) that needs to be confirmed further and already resistant to cypermetrin (mortality 76%). The biochemical assay of Ae. aegypti showed the presence of non-specific esterase elevated activity. The PCR method showed specific DNA bands were formed with the size of 748bp, and with sequencing showed there has been F1354C point mutation of voltage gated sodium chanel gene in the area of segment 6 of domain III. Long term use of insecticides did not successfully eliminate the targeted dengue vector, because Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were resistant to both insecticides. The results demonstrate the importance of designing better health policies regarding insecticide usage