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Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat

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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 02151936 EISSN : 26148412 DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/bkm.v37i2.2320

Core Subject : Health,

Nursing Public Health

Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM Public Health and Community Medicine) is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that deals with the fields of public health and public medicine. The topics of the article will be grouped according to the main message of the author. This focus covers areas and scope related to aspects of: - Epidemiology - Infectious diseases control - Clinical Epidemiology - Environmental Health - Occupational Health - Healthy City - Public Health and Primary Health Care - School of Health Promotion - Healthy lifestyles - Health promotion - Health and Social Behavior - Tobacco and smoking - Adolescent Health - Public Health Nutrition - Maternal and Child Health - Reproductive Health - Population Health - Health of Vulnerable People - Social Determinants of Health - Water, Sanitation and Hygiene - Human Resource Management

Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kesehatan Masyarakat, Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pekerjaan

Articles 1,528 Documents

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Kebutuhan dan perawatan anak penyandang cerebral palsy yang mengalami drooling: studi eksplorasi Andri Kenti Gayatina; Fitri Haryanti; Elisabeth Siti Herini
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 34, No 9 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Needs and care for cerebral palsy children with drooling: an exploratory study Purpose: To explore the needs and care and expectations of parents of children with disabilities that improve saliva.Methods: A qualitative research with a phenomenology conducted at YPAC Semarang in September 2016. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with 6 maternal participants who were selected through purposive sampling and 1 doctor improving medical and 1 teacher as a triangulation participant. Data analysis was performed according to Collaizi's steps.Results: This study produced ten themes, namely: the need to deal with saliva; overcoming feelings of sadness, shame, brokenness, low self-esteem, hurt, sensitive, offended when the child is humiliated, can not bear, feelings of rejection, not accept, afraid and violate themselves; Overcoming the shame of children; Budget for pediatric therapy; strength, enthusiasm, gratitude, patience and endeavor; accepted by the community and considered by the government; Environmental modification; efforts to overcome saliva; poor understanding of mothers; expectation of the mother towards the foundation and the government regarding health services, education, and children's independence.Conclusions: Optimizing the fulfillment of needs and care for CP children who increase the saliva of class IV and V by overcoming saliva using a saliva absorber and prolonging treatment.

Serotipe Virus Dengue dan Populasi Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) Di Kota Bengkulu Dessy Triana; Sitti Rahmah Umniyati; Budi Mulyaningsih; Munauwarus Sarirah
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 34, No 5 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Dengue virus serotype and the population of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Bengkulu City: its implications for dengue prevention programs Purpose: This study aimed to prevent the development of dengue virus by detecting dengue virus serotypes of Aedes aegypti (Ae. aegypti) and Aedes albopictus (Ae. albopictus) and to determine the population of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in dengue endemic area (Sidomulyo Village) and dengue sporadic area (Tanjung Jaya Village) in Bengkulu City, Indonesia. Methods: The design of study was observational-analytic. Aedes sp eggs were collected by ovitraps from Sidomulyo and Tanjung Jaya Villages. The eggs were reared to adult and identified to determine of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Identification of species Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus uses the pictorial key for the identification of mosquitoes by Rueda. Detection of dengue virus serotypes were done by RT-PCR and nested PCR method using specific primers Lanciotti. Results: The Serotypes of dengue virus of Ae. aegypti in dengue endemic and sporadic areas were dengue-3 (DENV-3) and the serotypes of dengue virus of Ae. albopictus in dengue sporadic area was dengue-3 (DENV-3). The population ratio of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in dengue endemic area (61%:39%) and dengue sporadic areas (27%:73%), respectively. Conclusions: Aedes aegypti in dengue endemic and sporadic areas and Ae. albopictus in dengue sporadic area has potential as a dengue-3 vector. Health Agency of Bengkulu City could optimize the prevention program of dengue and activate the Jumantik cadres.AbstrakTujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk pencegahan perkembangan penyakit DBD dengan mendeteksi serotipe virus dengue pada nyamuk Ae. aegypti dan Ae. albopictus dan menentukan rasio populasi nyamuk Ae. aegypti dan Ae. albopictus di daerah endemis dan sporadis DBD di Kota Bengkulu. Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah observasional-analitik. Telur nyamuk Aedes sp dikumpulkan menggunakan ovitrap dari daerah endemis DBD (Kelurahan Sidomulyo) dan daerah sporadis DBD (Kelurahan Tanjung Jaya). Identifikasi spesies Ae. aegypti dan Ae. albopictus menggunakan pictorial key for the identification of mosquitoes Rueda. Deteksi serotipe virus dengue dilakukan dengan metode RT-PCR dan Nested PCR menggunakan primer spesifik Lanciotti. Hasil: Serotipe virus dengue yang ditemukan pada Ae. aegypti adalah DENV-3 (daerah endemis dan sporadis DBD) dan DENV-3 pada Ae. albopictus (daerah sporadis DBD). Perbandingan populasi Ae. aegypti dan Ae. albopictus pada daerah endemis dan sporadis DBD berturut-turut adalah (60,51%:39,49%) dan (27,08%:72,92%). Simpulan: Aedes aegypti di daerah endemis dan sporadis DBD serta Ae. albopictus di daerah sporadis DBD berpotensi sebagai vektor dengue-3. Dinas Kesehatan Kota Bengkulu dapat mengoptimalkan program pencegahan DBD dan mengaktifkan kader Jumantik.

Evaluasi pelaksanaan upaya kesehatan masyarakat di wilayah kecamatan Jatinegara dan kecamatan Matraman kota administrasi Jakarta Timur tahun 2016 Fika Maulani Fadrianti; Ede Surya Darmawan
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 34, No 6 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Human resource and organizational capacity of public health programs in two sub-districts of East JakartaIntroduction: The current health policy priorities and focus are increasingly showing that public health programs are the same or even more important than medical treatment in improving the health status of the population. Although the government has asked the community health centers and local administrators to focus on the development and implementation of public health programs, very few studies in Indonesia have focused on the ability of government organizations to actually implement public health programs. This study evaluates the relationship between public health outcomes and the relationship with availability of human resources and program implementation capacity of government organizations. Methods: The data comes from reported minimum service standards (SPM) in public health and clean and healthy living behavior (PHBS), the survey and in-depth interviews of 46 respondents from 17 community health centers and 14 urban villages in two sub-districts - Matraman and Jatinegara - in East Jakarta. Results: The study found that health outcome indicators in the two study areas were lower than national average outcomes despite adequate availability of tbs. In addition, the administrative and management capacity of the implementation process in the field is not as expected. Conclusions: This study showed the paradox of resource availability and the weakness in intersectoral collaboration and in program implementation management. Based on this, we discuss three implications. First, the cross-sectoral authority of the mayor should be the advocacy focus among public health community interest groups. Secondly, the hamlet administrators should improve their implementation management capacity to have more effective programs. Third, community health centers should have human resources equipped with program management and intersectoral advocacy competencies.AbstrakLatar belakang: Prioritas dan fokus kebijakan kesehatan yang berkembang saat ini makin menunjukkan bahwa program public health adalah sama atau bahkan jauh lebih penting daripada tekanan pengobatan dalam meningkatkan status kesehatan penduduk. Meski pemerintah telah meminta puskesmas dan kelurahan fokus pada pengembangan dan pelaksanaan program-program public health, sedikit studi melaporkan kemampuan organisasi pemerintah yang benar-benar mengerjakan fungsi ini. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi hubungan capaian program public health dan apakah capaian itu didukung oleh ketersediaan sumber daya manusia dan kapasitas implementasi program dari organisasi pemerintah. Metode: Data berasal dari “standar pelayanan minimal” kesehatan masyarakat dan “perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat” (PHB), survei dan wawancara mendalam terhadap 46 responden dari 17 puskesmas dan 14 kelurahan di dua kecamatan - Matraman dan Jatinegara - di Jakarta Timur. Hasil: Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa indikator capaian kesehatan di daerah penelitian di kota besar seperti Jakarta adalah lebih rendah dari capaian rata-rata nasional meskipun memiliki ketersediaan sdm yang memadai. Selain itu, kapasitas administrasi dan manajemen proses implementasi di lapangan tidak seperti yang diharapkan. Simpulan: Studi ini menunjukkan paradoks antara ketersediaan sumber daya dan kapasitas yang lemah dalam kolaborasi lintas sektoral dan dalam manajemen implementasi program. Kami mendiskusikan 3 faktor penting yang harus menjadi perhatian dalam pengembangan dan implementasi upaya public health di Jakarta. Pertama, peran lintas sektoral yang jadi kewenangan dari walikota harus mendapat advokasi yang besar dari masyarakat public health. Kedua, administrator kelurahan memiliki kapasitas manajemen implementasi agar program-program dirasakan oleh penduduk setempat. Ketiga, puskesmas memiliki sdm dengan kemampuan manajerial dan bekerja sama dengan sektor lain yang bekerja fokus untuk upaya kesehatan masyarakat.

Hubungan pemanfaatan dana bantuan operasional kesehatan (BOK) dengan peningkatan cakupan kunjungan antenatal K4 di puskesmas kota Serang tahun 2014-2016
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 34, No 5 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.34737

Relation between health operational aid fund (BOK) with increase in K4 antenatal visiti scope at Serang city community health centers year 2014-2016Health Operational Aid Fund (BOK) realization at Serang City Community Health Centers (CHC) through 2014-2016 has always reached 100% mark which more than 30% of the fund was allocated for maternal and children health each year. However the achievement from maternal and children health scope especially on K4 antenatal visit was not proportional with the budget, instead each year a decreasing trend from proposed target (75%) was observed thus the need of evaluation. This study was conducted at regional health agency and four CHCs (Banten Girang, Curug, Sawah Luhur and Serang Kota) with retrospective study case design and considering fund variables and scopes. The result shows lack of human and other resources in managing maternal and children health program; the lack of operational fund for preventive and promotive activities from regional government budget (APBD) and only rely on health operational fund; the lack of supervision in midwife records and reports, also the contract ending of trained cadres as the result of village chief replacement.

Analisis regresi linier perilaku dan pelayanan kesehatan dengan sub indeks penyakit tidak menular tahun 2014
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 34, No 5 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.34740

PHDI (Public Health Development Index) is a picture of progress in the health sector and a further elaboration of the health component of the Human Development Index (HDI) in Indonesia. PHDI 2014 consists of seven component sub-indices which are sub-index of Non Communicable Diseases (NCD). The analytical method used is multiple linear regression, while data from data Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2013 and the Potential of Village (PODES) 2011 which are consisted of 497 districts / cities throughout Indonesia. The purpose of analysis is to find the relationship of NCD sub index with behavioral and health services as well as making a prediction value of NCD index variable through independent variables which include the proportion of tobacco consumption, the proportion of properly brushing teeth, the proportion of adequately physical activity, the proportion of the number of doctors in sub-district and the proportion of Health Care Assurance ownership. The analysis showed that the variables such as brushing teeth, physical activity and smoking absence have a significant relationship with the sub-index of NCD (p-value = 0.000) with influence of 10.7%. Variables that have the most impact on the sub-index of NCD is adequately physical activity with a coefficient of 0.002.

An increasing trend and impact of non communicable diseases in Vanuatu Wesley Donald
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 34, No 4 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) continue to elevate in the western pacific regions, including Vanuatu. Much efforts have been made in reducing the disease burden, however the challenges remains due to certain sociocultural behaviours, globalization, and urbanization which promotes unhealthy lifestyles such as eating lifestyles (unhealthy diet), physical inactivity, harmful use of alcohol and tobacco use. All these contributing factors tends to give rise to common risks for the intermediate factors such as raised in blood pressure, raised in the level of glucose in the blood, the unhealthy lipid profiles, and obesity.Comparing this disease in low-income countries and high-income countries it seem that the rate of NDC are higher in low-income countries, more specifically the countries in the western pacific regions. Even that there are few South East Asian countries such Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, and Cambodia which were also regarded as having high mortality rates of NCD (1). According to the profile in 2008 it was estimated that it's the western pacific region that has more of the effect, showing more than a quarter of the 36 million deaths were due to NCD alone.Furthermore it continue to states that the trend will continue to increase by 15% between 2010 and 2020, meaning an estimation (from baseline) from an elevation of up to 44 million deaths will be cause by NCD alone (1). And if we divide the figures up it will then show that the highest proportion will be from the Western Pacific regions, of 12.3 million of deaths, while South-East Asian regions on the other hand is estimated to reach 10.4 million. This is also supported by a report on economic-cost of NCD in the Pacific Island countries which states that NCD is already a challenge in the Pacific, leading to account for 70% or more of the deaths. And the most common cause is of cardiovascular disease, which accounts for between 29% and 38% of death from all other causes (2). In Vanuatu NCD is in the top 10 disease agenda due to fast escalating trend, and similarly are Cardiovascular diseases, including diabetes and hypertension. According to the reported it was estimated that 18% of deaths were due to circulatory heart diseases (7).Another study been conducted in 2008 showed a record of 0.5% and 0.3% deaths were respectively caused by NCD in male and female. The current daily tobacco smoking as a form of behavioural risk factor constitute of 12.3%, where 21.3% in male and 3.1% in female. Additionally from the study record it showed that males are more risks than female in having high blood pressure above normal. This is supported by showing 44.5% of males in the study have raised blood pressure, while female on contrary have 39.1% raised blood pressure. Other contributing factor in the metabolic risks factors are overweight and obesity. From the study it showed that 21% of both male and female are overweight, while 34.2% is of obesity (3).From the findings we have to know that there are unprecedented changes in our environment – cultural, economic, physical, political and social – pose new risks and threats to health. And from most reports and future focus it is predicted that NCD will continue to elevate globally, whether it is urbanization and the built environment, severe air pollution, climate change, unregulated marketing of tobacco and other harmful food products, or easy access to nutrient-poor and calorie dense food (4). In some countries, for instance Vanuatu still accepts more imported and processed food and is predicted to upscale further should the climate conditions such as the current El Nino continue to place threats on garden crops. There is additionally a weak monitoring on food regulations on imported food products and where most labelling are in languages. Lack of proper laboratory analysis of the content against the labelling is another contributing factor. Thus it is imperative that leaders in both Government and related Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) find innovative solutions to complex health challenges in ever-changing common practices and environments. Only then will the population be safe and healthy from the disease. On the other hand we have to understand that at each developmental stage of life, human beings exhibit different vulnerabilities and are exposed to different risks, placing them more vulnerable to contracting those diseases.According to WHO report in 2008 on prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (Annex 1-B) (5), in year 2000 the WHO's Member States adopted a global strategy for prevention and control of NCDs during the fifty-third World Health Assembly. The Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health was endorsed in 2002. In 2003, the WHO launched the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, and this treaty came into force in 2005. Even that in 2008 the Member States endorsed the Action Plan for the Global Strategy for the Prevention and Control of non-communicable Diseases at the Sixty-first World Health Assembly. And the Regional Committee for the Western Pacific called for action to combat non-communicable diseases and their related risk factors in specific resolutions. There are also various regional action plans related to NCD prevention and control (e.g. Regional Plan for Integrated Prevention and Control of Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes for the Western Pacific Region 1998–2003, Tobacco Free Initiative Regional Action Plans 2000–2004 and 2005–2009, Plan of Action 2006–2010 for the Western Pacific.Declaration on Diabetes, and the Regional Strategy to Reduce Alcohol-related Harm) were developed over the past decade, sharing a focus on policy and planning, surveillance, health promotion and clinical prevention. Furthermore WHO developed a Pacific Framework for the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases in 2007 to serve as a guide in addressing NCDs among Pacific island countries and areas, and this framework was adopted by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC). Augmenting these action plans and frameworks is a Region-wide interest and commitment to fostering health systems change, particularly in relation to the prevention and control of NCDs. In November 2007, the WHO-supported meeting on "Strengthening Health Systems to Improve Chronic Disease Prevention and Control" culminated in a set of recommendations for reducing the health burden from non-communicable diseases through health systems improvements. The Western Pacific Regional Action Plan for NCDs is a collaborative effort by the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific and Member States to establish a shared vision and strategic actions to reduce the NCD burden (5).However despite of all these developed global and regional framework, strategies, planning, and action plans it is still recognized that countries still have less capacities and some are still at different stages of progress in the fight against non-communicable diseases. Therein it is suggested that more plenary discussions, consultations, and a support networking collaborations be established between the Government and private sectors, including the partners and associated stakeholders, and the affected communities. Moreover the Regional Action Plan also aims to operationalize the objectives of the Global Action Plan within the Western Pacific context, thereby adding value through concrete and relevant guidance. In other words the member states need to reconsider and rectify these further to be able to absorb perfectly into the country settings and the environmental contexts. Vanuatu on the other hand has also the capacity to address and respond to NCDs as it has its funding available for Cardiovascular diseases, NCD treatment for control, prevention and health promotion messages, and NCD surveillance and M&E. Additionally the health reporting system also includes information on screening of patients at health peripheries, NCD cause specific –morbidity, and the risks factors. Further to that the country has an integrated or topic-specific policy, programme, and action plan which is currently operational for these mentioned NCD diseases, including Alcohol, unhealthy diet, overweight, and obesity. Physical inactivity and Tobacco were other areas that the policy and action plan covers (1).Furthermore the member states need to strictly consider and implement WHO global NCD action plan which is a road map from 2013 to 2025 (6). In the road map are six global objectives that clearly states to make prevention and control of NCDs a priority, strengthening national capacities and leaderships, reduce modifiable risks factors, promote high-quality research, and finally is to monitor the impact and the trend of the disease. Additionally are nine major and more specific targets along the road map towards 2025. These are to be able to establish 80% availability of affordable technology and medicine to treat NCDs, ensuring that at least 50% of the patients receive preventive therapy for heart attacks and stroke, be able to pause the rise in diabetes and obesity, at least a 30% drop in sodium chloride (salt) intake, a 10% reduction in the harmful in the use of alcohol, to at least also receive 25% drop in premature death of people age 30-70 from cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, or chronic respiratory diseases, be able to reduce 10% in the prevalence of insufficient physical activity, reduce by 30% in tobacco use, and finally is to drop by 20% in the prevalence of high blood pressure (6). All these can be adopted and implemented strategically and effectively only when adequate resources such as adequate human resource, access to appropriate technology at all levels of implementations, adequate financial support, good working collaborations with partners and NGOs, including the communities, other associate stakeholders such as community leaders, and a very motivated and action-oriented personals are in place. Moreover is the health systems, political commitment, good network with shop entrepreneurs, and private sector that can contribute in the prevention and promotion of these mentioned health lifestyles.It is therefore strongly believed that unless all these are identified and notified then will there be some changes expected, and thus meet most of the target indicators as stated in the 2013-2025 target objectives.

Risiko kematian pada kasus-kasus leptospirosis: data dari Kabupaten Bantul 2012-2017 Meliana Depo; Hari Kusnanto
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 34, No 6 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Purpose: Leptospirosis is a major public health problem in tropical countries with potentially fatal systemic complications and multi-organ dysfunction. Leptospirosis is endemic in Bantul area. This study aimed to identify the major risk of the factors which contribute to the mortality of leptospirosis patient in Bantul area during 2012-May 2017. Methods: This study using case-control study design with ratio 1:3, 32 cases and 96 controls. The collected data were the manifestation of clinic and laboratory findings from the medical records of leptospirosis patient during 2012-May 2017 in Bantul District Hospital. The inclusion criteria in this study was based on pertinent clinical and epidemiological data and positive serology, patient who domiciled and living in Bantul District Area. The data were analyzed using Fisher test, Chi-square, and multiple logistic regression. The data processed using STATA Software version 13.1. Results: A total of 128 patients were included, with mean age 50.9±12.5 years; 75% (n=96) were male. The mean length from onset symptoms to admission was 4.5±2.27 days. Multivariate logistic regression demonstrated that four dominant factors were significantly independent associated with mortality, icteric, myalgia, dyspnea and thrombocytopenia. Conclusion: The presence of dyspnea, myalgia, icterus, and thrombocytopenia (<100.000/µL) on admission in patients with leptospirosis indicated high risk of death.AbstrakTujuan: Leptospirosis adalah masalah utama kesehatan masyarakat yang dapat mengakibatkan komplikasi dan disfungsi multi organ yang berpotensi fatal. Bantul merupakan wilayah endemik leptospirosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor dominan dan mengidentifikasi besarnya risiko dari faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap terjadinya kematian pada pasien leptospirosis di Kabupaten Bantul pada periode 2012-Mei 2017. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan desain kasus kontrol dengan perbandingan 1:3 yaitu 32 kasus dan 96 kontrol. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah manifestasi klinik dan hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium menggunakan rekam medis pasien leptospirosis pada periode 2012-Mei 2017 di rumah sakit Kabupaten Bantul. Kriteria inklusi dalam penelitian ini adalah ada riwayat terpapar lingkungan yang terkontaminasi leptospirosis, hasil positif pemeriksaan serologi, dan pasien berdomisili dan menetap di wilayah Kabupaten Bantul. Analisis data menggunakan uji fisher test, Chi square dan multivariate logistik regresi. Pengolahan data menggunakan software STATA versi 13.1. Hasil: Total sampel adalah 128 pasien leptospirosis, 96 (75%) adalah laki-laki, rata-rata umur pasien leptospirosis adalah 50.9±12.5 tahun. Rata-rata lama demam sebelum masuk rumah sakit yaitu 4.5±2.27 hari. Analisis multivariat dengan logistik regresi menunjukkan terdapat 4 variabel dominan yang berhubungan dengan kematian pada pasien leptospirosis di Kabupaten Bantul yaitu ikterik (p-value=0.006; OR=7.78; 95%CI=1.786-33.925), myalgia (p-value=0.005; OR=5.20; 95%CI=1.659-16.317), sesak (p-value=0.028; OR=3.176; 95%CI=1.130-8.920) dan trombositopenia (p-value=0.019; OR=3.99; 95%CI=1.261-12.639). Simpulan: Keberadaan sesak, myalgia, ikterik, dan trombositopenia (<100.000/µL) merupakan faktor risiko prognosis buruk (meninggal) pada pasien leptospirosis di Kabupaten Bantul.

ANALISIS SPASIAL KEJADIAN DBD DAN UJI KERENTANAN AEDES AEGYPTI TERHADAP MALATHION DI KOTA MAGELANG
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 34, No 8 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Latar Belakang: Penyakit DBD masih merupakan masalah yang sangat penting dan menjadi salah satu tantangan utama bagi kesehatan masyarakat di seluruh dunia, kejadian DBD tidak hanya menyerang kelompok usia, jenis kelamin maupun status sosial tertentu. Penyakit DBD merupakan suatu infeksi arboviral yang ditularkan melalui vektor sehingga mudah menular dari satu orang ke orang lainnya. Kasus DBD di Kota Magelang terjadi di ketiga wilayah kecamatan yaitu Kecamatan Magelang Selatan yang terdiri dari enam kelurahan, Kecamatan Magelang Tengah terdiri dari enam kelurahan dan Kecamatan Magelang Utara terdiri dari lima kelurahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran spasial kejadian DBD dan status kerentanan Aedes aegypti terhadap malathion di Kota Magelang.Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan spasial temporal untuk melihat distribusi kasus DBD dari tahun 2014-2017 dan keberadaan telur nyamuk dengan menggunakan GPS untuk penentuan waypoint penderita dan lokasi pemasangan ovitrap serta lembar observasi. Status kerentanan dilakukan dengan uji susceptibility test dari nyamuk hasil rearing telur yang dipasang dengan ovitrap pada 195 rumah sampel terhadap malathion.Hasil: Kasus DBD Tahun 2014-2017 terjadi sebanyak 380 kasus dengan kasus tertinggi pada Tahun 2015 yaitu 158 kasus dan terendah Tahun 2017 dengan 66 kasus. Kematian DBD tertinggi Tahun 2016 yaitu 4 kasus kematian dan terendah Tahun 2014 dan 2017 dengan masing-masing 0 kematian. Seluruh kelurahan di Kota Magelang berstatus endemis kecuali Kelurahan Cacaban dan Kelurahan Panjang. Hasil NNA didapatkan Observed Mean Distance 60,380 meter, NNR sebesar 0,474, Z-score sebesar -19,309 dan p-value sebesar 0,000. Kasus DBD mengkluster menjadi kluster primer dan kluster sekunder. Setiap kelurahan terdapat daerah risiko tinggi dan rendah kasus DBD. Terjadi pergerakan kasus DBD sebesar 3,8o ke arah Timur Laut sejalan arah poros utama penghubung antar wilayah di Jawa Tengah dan DIY. Ovitrap Index didapatkan sebesar 61,03% positif telur dari 195 sampel yang dipasang. Uji kerentanan menunjukkan bahwa nyamuk Aedes aegypti telah resisten terhadap malathion di seluruh kelurahan Kota Magelang.Kesimpulan: Gambaran spasial kejadian DBD menunjukkan bahwa kasus DBD terjadi pada semua kelurahan di Kota Magelang, pergerakan kasus cenderung mengikuti arah mobilitas manusia, ketiga kecamatan merupakan daerah berisiko DBD. Insektisida malathion telah resisten di semua kelurahan di Kota Magelang.

Analisis regresi linier perilaku dan pelayanan kesehatan dengan sub indeks penyakit tidak menular (Analisis lanjut IPKM 2014)
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 34, No 5 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.34953

Hubungan Pemanfaatan Dana Bantuan Operasional Kesehatan (BOK) dengan Peningkatan Cakupan Kunjungan Antenatal K4 di Puskesmas Kota Serang Tahun 2014-2016
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 34, No 5 (2018)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.34954

Health Operational Aid Fund (BOK) realization at Serang City Community Health Centers (CHC) through 2014-2016 has always reached 100% mark which more than 30% of the fund was allocated for maternal and children health each year. However the achievement from maternal and children health scope especially on K4 antenatal visit was not proportional with the budget, instead each year a decreasing trend from proposed target (75%) was observed thus the need of evaluation. This study was conducted at regional health agency and four CHCs (Banten Girang, Curug, Sawah Luhur and Serang Kota) with retrospective study case design and considering fund variables and scopes. The result shows lack of human and other resources in managing maternal and children health program; the lack of operational fund for preventive and promotive activities from regional government budget (APBD) and only rely on health operational fund; the lack of supervision in midwife records and reports, also the contract ending of trained cadres as the result of village chief replacement.

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Home Page

OAI Link

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Contact Name Ika Kusumaningtyas

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Phone +628988833412

Journal Mail Official bkm.fk@ugm.ac.id

Editorial Address Sekretariat Bersama Jurnal, Lt. 2 Atas Kantin IKM, FK-KMK UGM Jl. Farmako, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281

Location Kab. sleman, Daerah istimewa yogyakarta INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

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Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Ika Kusumaningtyas

Contact Email
tyas.kusuma@ugm.ac.id

Phone
+628988833412

Journal Mail Official
bkm.fk@ugm.ac.id

Editorial Address
Sekretariat Bersama Jurnal, Lt. 2 Atas Kantin IKM, FK-KMK UGM Jl. Farmako, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta 55281

Location
Kab. sleman,

Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA