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INDONESIA
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat
ISSN : 02151936     EISSN : 26148412     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22146/bkm.v37i2.2320
Core Subject : Health,
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM Public Health and Community Medicine) is a peer-reviewed and open access journal that deals with the fields of public health and public medicine. The topics of the article will be grouped according to the main message of the author. This focus covers areas and scope related to aspects of: - Epidemiology - Infectious diseases control - Clinical Epidemiology - Environmental Health - Occupational Health - Healthy City - Public Health and Primary Health Care - School of Health Promotion - Healthy lifestyles - Health promotion - Health and Social Behavior - Tobacco and smoking - Adolescent Health - Public Health Nutrition - Maternal and Child Health - Reproductive Health - Population Health - Health of Vulnerable People - Social Determinants of Health - Water, Sanitation and Hygiene - Human Resource Management
Articles 1,528 Documents
Direct and indirect costs of patients from Medan who seek health care in Penang Malaysia
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 36, No 8 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (31.645 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.55157

Abstract

Background. Medan City was one of the areas close to Malaysia. This closeness makes people visit Penang Island for many reason such as medician, or medical tourism, with an increase 15-18% every year. This medical tourism causes people to spend more cost, both direct and indirect cost, direct costs were related to medician cost, (doctor's fees, medicines, laboratories, administration, and medical support), while indirect costs were unrelated with medician cost, (transportation, residence, supplementary food, patient companion, and lost costs). Purpose. The purpose of study was to analyze the comparison of direct and indirect costs of medical tourism patients to Penang Island, Malaysia. Method. This research was a comparative analytic with cross-sectional design using a questionnaire, conducted with t test for comparison of direct and indirect costs for 96 respondents. Result. The results showed that the expenditure average of medical tourism patient was IDR 10,079,250, with comparison of direct and indirect costs was 55.8%: 44.2% or IDR 5,625,305: IDR 4,453,945. Conclusion. Government makes regulations related to seeking medician abroad, and improve the quality of domestic health services so expenditure for medical treatment abroad can saved.
The Role of Tuberculosis Cadres in the Tuberculosis Control Program in Medan City Nur Asiyah Nasution; Lita Sri Andayani; Kintoko Rochadi Rochadi
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 36, No 6 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (41.542 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.55207

Abstract

Background. North Sumatra Province is included in the top seven provinces in Indonesia with a high TB incidence rate. Prevalence of pulmonary TB based on a doctor's diagnosis history of 0.30%, Case Notification Rate (CNR) for smear pulmonary TB is 104.3 per 100,000, success rate of treatment (SR) reached 91.31 percent. The percentage of TB cure in 2017 of 82.40 percent, is considered to be lower compared in 2016 of 85.52 percent. Purpose. The purpose of study was to analyze the role of TB cadres in TB control programs in Medan City. Method. This research was an observational analytic with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were all cadres in Belawan Health Center (25 cadres), Helvetia Health Center (28 cadres), Amplas Health Center (24 cadres), Glugur Darat Health Center (24 cadres) and Sering Health Centre (24 cadres) totaling 125 cadres. Result. There is an influence of knowledge, attitudes and actions of Tuberculosis cadres on the role of Tuberculosis cadres. The results of multivariate analysis of knowledge with p = 0.014, attitude with p = 0,001, actions with p = 0.010. Conclusion. Behavioral factors, namely cadre attitudes become the dominant factor influencing the role of TB cadres with p = 0.014 and Exp (B) = 14.651. Suggested to health center do coaching and training, and position cadres as partners.
Status Resistensi Larva Aedes sp Sebagai Vektor Dengue Terhadap Insektisida Malation di Kota Bengkulu
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 36, No 5 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.55285

Abstract

AbstractPurposes: Dengue is emerging as a serious public health problem globally. The primary strategy to control dengue is by reducing the vector population using insecticides. Malathion has been massively used since the 1990s in dengue control programs. As there is no effective dengue drug or safe vaccine available, vector control remains the most effective intervention to reduce incidence and prevent transmission and outbreak. This study determined resistance status to malathion of Aedes sp larvae from Jalan Gedang Village, Bengkulu City (dengue endemic areas). Methods: This study used experimental with post-control only design. Aedes sp eggs were collected by ovitraps and colonized to larvae stage. Susceptibility test of larvae to the malathion was estimated using standard WHO. Results: Mortality of larvae Aedes sp after 24 hours with multiple concentration of malathion indicative of highly resistant (p=0.001). Conclusions: Continued testing to insecticide resistance in dengue vector is important to prevention of increased incidence of dengue. In order to reduce the development of insecticidal resistance, it recommended insecticides of different chemical structures be applied in rotation.
Persepsi Suami dalam Mendukung Pemberian ASI Eksklusif di RSUD R Syamsudin SH Kota Sukabumi Gitta Agustina; Ari Indra Susanti; Sharon Gondodiputro
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 36, No 5 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.55327

Abstract

Tujuan: Data dari Profi Kesehtan Indonesia tahun 2016 menunjukkan bahwa cakupan ASI Eksklusif di Kabupaten Sukabumi baru mencapai 62,3% masih kurang dari target nasional yaitu sebesar 80%. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi mempersembahkan ASI Eksklusif salah dukungan dukungan dukungan. Maka dari itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkapkan persepsi mengenai dukungan dalam mempersembahkan ASI Eksklusif di RSUD R Syamsudin SH Kota Sukabumi. Metode: Desain kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan fenomenologi . Dilakukan dari bulan Juni hingga Juli 2019 di RSUD R Syamsudin SH Kota Sukabumi menggunakan data primer, suami yang memiliki anak> 6 bulan dengan kondisi sehat, mampu berkomunikasi dengan baik dan berdomisili di Kabupaten Sukabumi.Sebanyak 11 pasangan yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Dilakuakn wawancara mendalam sesuai dengan wawancara baru. Hasil: Hasil penelitian terdapat 2 tema persepsi persepsi dalam pengambilan yang dibagi menjadi 3 subtema keputusan keputusan pada istri, keputusan pada kedua orang tua, dan mempersembahkan ASI selama 6 bulan atau tidak dan persepsi dalam dukungan emosional yang dibagi menjadi 5 subtema di antara pemberi makanan bergizi pada ibu, berdiskusi dengan ibu / istri, membantu membantu anak, membantu pekerjaan rumah, dan bangun di malam hari. Kesimpulan: Suami memiliki persepsi bahwa keputusan dalam memberikan ASI Eksklusif pondasi pada istri mereka dan dukungan emosional yang diberikan oleh suami adalah memberikan makanan bergizi pada ibu.
Akses Puskesmas dan Kejadian Drop out Pasien Tuberkulosis Di Kabupaten Bantul Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Ira Deseilla Pawa; Lutfan Lazuardi
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 36, No 5 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.55345

Abstract

      Background: In social perspective everyone have their rights to access health facilities (1) yet it still challenging due to geographical or non-geographical barriers. Inadequate access to health facilities has made the controlling of communicable disease not overly solved, including Tuberculosis. Indonesia have been put as country with the highest burden for TB, MDR TB and also TB/HIV in 2016-2020 (2). One of challenging that faced is the incidence of drug resistant TB due to TB treatment drop out. Bantul regency is the second highest TB cases finding rate after Sleman however, the cure rate below national standard during 2016-2018.Method: This study is observational descriptive research by using primary and secondary data, sample of this study consist of 27 community health centers and 60 auxiliary health centers. ArcGIS were used to analysis the spatial data.Results: The locations of community health centers in Bantul regency is near the collector road, the farthest distance to reach community health center in Bantul is 15 Km and the maximum travel time to community health is 60 minutes, geographical berries in Bantul regency are water body such as rivers and lakes. Human resource in 12 community health centers have been exceed the amount standards and 15 others have not been exceed the amount standards. Number of TB drop out was 22 cases, and Banguntapan village has highest amount of drop out TB cases.Conclusions: Community health distribution in Bantul regency is almost cover all the administrative area in Bantul regency. TB drop out cases is need serious intention to increase cure rate.Key words: Access, community health center, drop out tuberculosis, spatial pattern
Factors that Influence the Implementation of Early Initiation of Breastfeeding in RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan Ali Imron; Ida Yustina; Etti Sudaryati
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 36, No 6 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (450.192 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.55443

Abstract

Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (EIB) is placing the baby in the mother's stomach immediately after birth in a position of skin contact with the mother in an hour after birth, if there is no medical indication. RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan was one of the government hospitals, education, national referrals, and plenary status had implementing EIB. Achievement of EIB in this hospital decreased from (27.71%) in 2016 to (23.08%) in 2017. The purpose of this study was to explore the implementation of EIB in RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan. This was a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach through in-depth interviews. The informants were 6 people, consisting of 2 midwives and 1 structural official in medical services, 2 patients and 1 gynecologist. Implementation of EIB in the hospital wasn’t going well, the factors that influence EIB were communication, disposition and management’s function. The successful implementation of EIB can reduce maternal and infant mortality rates, suggested to RSUP Haji Adam Malik Medan forms a special team to monitoring and evaluates the implementation of EIB, set and carry out sanctions for implementation of EIB, and increases the competence and motivation of health workers.
EVALUASI USABILITY APLIKASI “MUGITELAS” Ridna Tri Widyaningrum; Tony Arjuna; Anis Fuad
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 36, No 6 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.55733

Abstract

AbstrakLatar Belakang :  Seperti yang distandarkan dalam akreditasi RS, ahli gizi harus melakukan monitoring evaluasi terhadap asugan gizi diantaranya mengamati sisa makanan pasien, karena berimplikasi klinis seperti asupan yang tidak adeqwat, memperpanjang hari perawatan, meningkatkan biaya,  membuang sisa makanan yang sia-sia dan  berakibat kematian. Sayangnya, kegiatan evaluasi sisa makanan sering tidak dilakukan karena metode yang selama digunakan membutuhkan waktu yang lama untuk dikerjakan. RSU Haji Surabaya telah mencoba membuat aplikasi “Mugitelas” yaitu untuk evaluasi sisa makanan  dan asupan pasien  belum diuji usabilitas dan efisiensinya.Tujuan  :   Mengetahui usabilitas dan efisiensi waktu dari aplikasi “Mugitelas”.Metode  : Untuk mengetahui usabilitas dengan diskriptif kwantitatif menggunakan System Usability Scale (SUS) sedangkan untuk meneliti efisiensi waktu menggunakan quasi eksperimental sebelum dan sesudah penggunaan aplikasi dengan menggunakan paired t-test dan Univariate Multi way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).Hasil : Dari uji usabilitas didapat angka 88 yang berarti aplikasi “Mugitelas” ini dapat diterima untuk digunakan sebagai alat pengamatan sisa makanan  dan menaksir nilai gizi asupan pasien di RSU Haji Surabaya. Sedangkan dari uji paired t-tes didapat pv = 0,000   yang artinya aplikasi ini bisa menghemat waktu sebesar 293,9 detik atau 4,9 menit per pasien dibandingkan dengan cara manual. Sedangkan untuk uji Annova, semua variable, umur, pendidikan, lama menggunakan HP android dan lama bekerja tidak signifikan terhadap waktu penggunaan aplikasi yang berarti aplikasi ini bisa digunakan oleh semua ahli gizi di RSU Haji Surabaya. Untuk uji paired t-test penggunaan aplikasi pada minggu 1 dengan minggu ke-2 dan ke-3 didapat pv= 0,0006 dan pv = 0,0165 yang berarti butuh waktu tidak lebih dari satu minggu untuk beradaptasi dengan aplikasi ini. Kesimpulan : Aplikasi “Mugitelas” ini bisa diterima untuk pengamatan sisa makanan dan menaksir nilai gizi asupan pasien, serta dapat menghemat waktu sebesar rata-rata 5 menit per pasien dan butuh waktu tidak lebih dari satu minggu untuk bisa beradaptasi dengan aplikasi ini. 
Pesticide exposure and cholinesterase levels of crop farmers in Tanah Karo District Rio Ferdi Yuandra; Taufik Ashar; Rahayu Lubis
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 36, No 8 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (82.944 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.55926

Abstract

Background. Majority of population in Tanah Karo District, Indonesia are farmers (88.54%), which is always use pesticides to their planting. The use of pesticides with high intensity and continuously will cause a negative impact on health.Purpose. The purpose of this research was to analyze the relationship between pesticide exposure, including the length of work, length of spraying, spraying techniques and Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) with farmers' cholinesterase levels.Method. This research was an observational analytic with a cross sectional approach. Samples were 40 farmers. Data collection through questionnaires and health checks. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate with chi-square test.Result. The result showed that from 40 farmers, 13 farmers had below normal cholinesterase levels, there was relationship between the length of spraying, spraying techniques, and the use of PPE with cholinesterase levels with p<0,05 and there was no relationship between length of work with  level of cholinesterase p>0,05.Conclusion. Farmers who have long been exposed to pesticides can reduce levels of cholinesterase, especially if they don't pay attention to spraying techniques and use PPE, it can cause poisoning. It is recommended to the Department of Agriculture Karo District to monitor and supervise the use of pesticides on farmers, and for farmers to pay attention to the use of PPE, spraying techniques, and monitor their health status regularly at the health center.
Gambaran Pengetahuan, Sosiodemografi dan Budaya Orang Rimba Terkait Dengan Praktek Pencegahan COVID-19
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 36, No 7 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (31.645 KB) | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.56190

Abstract

AbstractCOVID-19 is a disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (Sars-CoV-2) virus. The World Health Organization has announced that COVID-19 is a pandemic disease. Orang Rimba is one of the indigenous groups in Jambi that still practice traditional ways of life. The purpose of this research is to describe knowledge, Sociodemographic, and cultural Of Orang Rimba Tribe related to COVID-19 prevention practices. Method:  This research is a descriptive study with cross sectional design. This research was held in Pamenang Sub-district of Merangin Regency, Jambi Province on April 27- June 6, 2020. As respondents in this study were all head of the Orang Rimba family at Pamenang sub-district, amounting to 62 respondents. The research instrument used in this study was a questionnaire. This research is a descriptive study with cross sectional design. The results showed knowledge of COVID-19 disease respondents low (93.5%), the age of the respondents mostly between 20-40 years (48.4%), the majority sex of respondents are male (82.3%), main majority occupation of respondents are hunter (43.5%), the majority of respondents staying on permanent houses (62.9%), the majority of respondents lived permanently (66.1%). Some respondents (33.9%) still having nomadic life style caused by social conflict (24.2%) and foraging (11.3%), most respondents did not practice COVID-19 prevention (82.3%) correctly. Conclusion: The knowledge of the Orang Rimba at Pamenang sub-district about COVID-19 is still low, the main occupation of the Orang Rimba are hunter, the majority of the Orang Rimba at Pamenang sub district have a house permanently and they stayed at home, Orang Rimba's at Pamenang sub district still practice a nomadic culture caused by conflict social and foraging activities, most of the Orang Rimba's at Pamenang sub-district didnot practice properly of the COVID-19 prevention. Keywords: COVID-19; knowledge; Sociodemography ; Orang Rimba culture
KEBERLANJUTAN PROGRAM POS PELAYANAN TERPADU PADA ERA PENERAPAN DANA DESA DI KABUPATEN BANJARNEGARA Sri Budi Utami; Yodi Mahendradhata; Ari Probandari
Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat (BKM) Vol 36, No 8 (2020)
Publisher : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/bkm.56725

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to analyze good practices for the sustainability of  Village Fund supported posyandus in Banjarnegara District.Methods: This study used a qualitative approach with a descriptive case study design. The study used purposive sampling with 23 informants. We used in-depth interviews for data collection.Result: Posyandu sustainabilityis supported by the stability of funding sourced from the Village Fund as the main financing strategy. Six Domains of Posyandu Sustainability for political support, funding stability, partnerships, organizational capacity, evaluation, and communication that still need to be strengthened are the organizational capacity of Posyandu. It is necessary to refer to Permendagri No. 18 of 2018. Posyandu sustainability in rural areas is better than in urban areas.Conclusion: It is necessary to strengthen the domain of posyandu organizational stability, with the strengthening of Posyandu institutions that will impact the support policies of villages / sub-districts to Posyandu.

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