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Jurnal Ilmiah Sains
Published by Universitas Sam Ratulangi
ISSN : 14123770     EISSN : 25409840     DOI : https://doi.org/10.35799/jis.v22i2.40961
Core Subject : Science, Education, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Computer Science & IT Mathematics Physics
Jurnal Ilmiah Sains (Journal of Scientific Sciences) is the Journals Published by Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University. Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Published Twice a Year, i.e April and October. Jurnal Ilmiah Sains  welcomes full research articles in the area of Mathematics and Natural Sciences from the following subject areas: Mathematics Statistics Computer Science Physics Chemistry Biology
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 345 Documents
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Analisis Fitokimia dan Uji Toksisitas Daun Leleng Merah (Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griffith) dengan Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test Defrikson Ba'u; Dewa G Katja; Vanda S Kamu; Paulina V.Y Yamlean; Max R.J Runtuwene
JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS Volume 20 Nomor 2, Oktober 2020
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (670.329 KB) | DOI: 10.35799/jis.20.2.2020.30069

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), condensed tannin content (CTC) dan nilai toksisitas dari daun leleng merah. Daun leleng merah diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi dan dipartisi menggunakan pelarut n-heksana, etil asetat, dan air. Penentuan nilai TPC menggunakan metode Folin-Ciocalteu. Penentuan nilai TFC menggunakan metode AlCl3. Penentuan nilai CTC menggunakan metode vanillin-HCl. Penentuan nilai toksisitas menggunakan metode BSLT. Nilai TPC yang diperoleh pada fraksi n-heksana (FH), fraksi air (FA), dan fraksi etil asetat (FEA) daun Leleng Merah berturut-turut, adalah: 20,48; 31,7; dan 37,57 (mg/g). Nilai TFC diperoleh pada FH, FA, dan FEA berturut-turut, adalah: 0,64; 0,99; dan 1,27 (mg/g). Nilai CTC diperoleh pada FH, FA, dan FEA berturut-turut, adalah: 0,56; 2,17; dan 6,52 (mg/g). Nilai toksisitas diperoleh pada FEA, FA, FH berturut-turut, adalah: 21,93; 100,7; dan 117,22 (mg/L). FEA memiliki nilai toksisitas dan kandungan fitokimia tertinggi. Daun leleng merah bersifat toksik.Kata Kunci : Brine shrimp lethality test, leleng merah, fitokimia, Phytochemical Analysis and Toxicity Test of Leleng Merah Leaves (Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griffith) Using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), condensed tannins (CTC) and toxicity value of Leleng Merah leaves. Leleng merah leaves were extracted by maceration method and partitioned using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water solvent. TPC values were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. TFC values were determined using the AlCl3 method. CTC values were determined using the vanillin-HCl method. Toxicity values were determined using the BSLT method. TPC values obtained in the n-hexane (FH), water (FA), and ethyl acetate (FEA) fraction of the Leleng Merah leaves, were: 20.48; 31.7; 37.57 (mg / g) respectively. TFC values obtained in FH, FA, and FEA, were : 0.64; 0.99; 1.27 (mg / g) respectively. CTC values obtained at FH, FA, FEA, were: 0.56; 2.17;  6.52 (mg/g) respectively. Toxicity values obtained at FEA, FA, FH, were: 21.93; 100.7; 117.22 (mg/L) respectively. FEA has the highest toxicity and phytochemical content. Leleng Merah Leaf is toxic.Keywords : Brine Shrimp Lethality Test, leleng merah, phytochemistry
Investigasi Anomali TEC Ionosfer Berkaitan Dengan Gempa Bumi Jailolo 15 Nopember 2019 Menggunakan Metode 2DPCA Gloria R Kaindeh; Seni H Tongkukut; Gerald H Tamuntuan; R Telleng; Ferdy Ferdy; Mans Mananohas; Dolfie P Pandara
JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS Volume 20 Nomor 2, Oktober 2020
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1292.743 KB) | DOI: 10.35799/jis.20.2.2020.30073

Abstract

Penelitian ini berfokus pada upaya menginvestigasi anomali Total Electron Content (TEC) ionosfer berkaitan dengan gempa bumi Jailolo yang terjadi pada tanggal 15 November 2019 pukul 01:17 Waktu Indonesia Timur (WIT) dengan menggunakan metode Two Dimensional Principal Component Analysis (2DPCA). Anomali TEC yang teridentifikasi oleh metode 2DPCA digunakan untuk menentukan prekusor  dari gempa bumi Jailolo. Citra Global Ionosphere Maps (GIM) TEC selang tanggal 9-15 Nopember 2019 dianalisis dan dikonversi menjadi citra nilai Eigen menggunakan program Matlab_2DPCA. Berdasarkan citra nilai Eigen ditemukan bahwa pada tanggal 13 Nopember 2019 pukul 22:15 – 22:35 WIT telah terjadi anomali TEC ionosfer di atas episenter gempa bumi Jailolo dengan durasi 20 menit. Selama aktivitas pra seismik, ionosfer memberikan respon berupa penurunan nilai TEC. Anomali kandungan elektron total ionosfer merupakan suatu prekursor yang berasosiasi dengan pelepasan gas radon selama aktivitas pra seismik sebelum gempa bumi. Kata Kunci: Anomali TEC; gempa bumi Jailolo; metode 2DPCA; nilai eigen, prekursor Investigation of Ionosphere TEC Anomalies Associated with the 15 November 2019 of Jailolo Earthquake Using the 2DPCA Method ABSTRACTThis research focuses on investigating of the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) anomaly associated with the Jailolo Earthquake earthquake that occurred on November 15, 2019 at 01:17 Eastern Indonesian Time (WIT) using the 2DPCA method. The TEC anomaly identified by the 2DPCA method was used to determine the precursor of the Jailolo earthquake. Global ionosphere maps (GIM) TEC images between November 9-15, 2019 were analyzed and converted into several images of the Eigen value using the Matlab_2DPCA program. Based on Eigen value images, it was found that on November 13, 2019 at 22:15 – 22:35 WIT, an ionosphere TEC anomaly occurred above the epicenter of the Jailolo Earthquake with a duration of 20 minutes. During pre-seismic activity, ionosphere given a responds by decreasing of TEC value. The total electron content anomaly of the ionosphere is a precursor associated with the release of radon gas during pre-seismic activity before an earthquake.Keywords: TEC anomaly; Jailolo earthquake; 2DPCA method; eigen value,  precursor
Analisis Kadar Kurkuminoid dalam Filtrat, Residu dan Campuran Filtrat-Residu Jamu Kunir Asem Elisa Almeyda; Elok Widayanti
JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS Volume 21 Nomor 1, April 2021
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (445.446 KB) | DOI: 10.35799/jis.21.1.2021.30211

Abstract

Jamu kunir asem merupakan jamu yang bermanfaat untuk meredakan nyeri pada saat menstruasi karena mengandung kurkuminoid yang bersifat analgetika, antipiretika dan antiinflamasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis perbedaan kadar kurkuminoid pada filtrat, residu dan campuran filtrat-residu jamu kunir asem. Sebanyak 2 gram sampel diekstraksi dengan 40 ml kloroform kemudian diuapkan hingga didapatkan ekstrak dan dilarutkan dengan etanol p.a. Penetapan kadar kurkuminoid pada sampel menggunakan metode Spektrofotometri Uv-Visible pada panjang gelombang 462 nm. Kadar kurkuminoid terendah pada filtrat sebesar 11,346 ppm dan tertinggi pada residu sebesar 49,047 ppm sedangkan campuran filtrat-residu sebesar 22,549 nm. Hasil analisis One Way Anova menunjukkan bahwa  rata-rata konsentrasi kurkuminoid pada campuran filtrat-residu, filtrate dan residu jamu kunir asem berbeda secara signifikan.Kata  kunci: Filtrat; jamu kunir asem; kurkuminoid; residu Analysis of Curcumin Levels in Filtrat, Residuesand Mixed in Herb of Turmeric Tamarind ABSTRACTTurmeric tamarind is a useful herb to relieve pain during menstruation because it contains analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory curcuminoids. The purpose of this study was to analyze differences in levels of curcuminoids in filtrate, residues and mixture of filtrate residues of tamarind turmeric. A total of 2 grams of sample was extracted with 40 ml of chloroform and then evaporated until an extract was obtained and dissolved with ethanol p.a. Determination of curcuminoid levels in samples using the Uv-Visible Spectrophotometry method at a wavelength of 462 nm. The lowest curcuminoid content in the filtrate was 11.346 ppm and the highest in the residue was 49.047 ppm while the mixture of the filtrate-residue was 22.549 nm. The results of the One Way Anova analysis showed that the mean curcuminoid concentration in the mixture of filtrate-residue, filtrate and residues of tamarind turmeric was significantly different.Keywords: curcuminoids, turmeric tamarind, filtrate, residue
Optimasi Substitusi Saus Tomat dengan Ekstrak Buah Semu Jambu Monyet pada Formulasi Bumbu Marinasi Steak Siti Susanti; Valentinus Priyo Bintoro; Antonius Hintono; Neti Zuniati; Fahmi Arifan
JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS Volume 20 Nomor 2, Oktober 2020
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (494.828 KB) | DOI: 10.35799/jis.20.2.2020.30261

Abstract

Ekstrak buah semu jambu monyet (EBSJM) sebagai bumbu marinasi menjadi salah satu aplikasi pemanfaatan jambu monyet di bidang pangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan level optimum EBSJM sebagai pensubstitusi saus tomat dalam formula bumbu marinasi ditinjau dari karakteristik fisikomikia dan hedoniknya. Empat level konsentrasi EBSJM dengan lima kali perulangan (0, 5, 10, dan 15%) dari proporsi saus tomat (v/v) ditetapkan dalam formula bumbu marinasi untuk menu steak. Produk bumbu steak untuk masing-masing formula selanjutnya dikarakterisasi fisikokimianya. Uji hedonik dilakukan dengan mengaplikasikan bumbu pada daging ayam yang diolah sebagai steak. Substitusi EBSJM pada saus tomat mempengaruhi karakteristik fisikokimia (viskositas, pH, kadar air, dan total padatan) bumbu marinasi dan karakteristik hedonik (rasa dan tekstur) pada steak sebagai hasil aplikasi dari bumbu tersebut. Viskositas dan total padatan makin meningkat sedangkan kadar air makin menurun pada substitusi lebih dari 5% (p<0,05). Penurunan pH bumbu makin bertambah seiring dengan penambahan substitusi hingga 10% (p<0,05). Uji hedonik menunjukkan substitusi 5% menghasilkan steak ayam yang paling disukai dari segi tekstur dan rasa (p<0,05). Substitusi saos tomat dengan EBSJM 5% menghasilkan produk bumbu marinasi untuk steak yang kental, asam, pekat dan paling disukai. Kata kunci : Ekstrak; bumbu; jambu monyet; marinasi Optimation on the Substitution of Tomato Sauce with Cashew Apple Extract in Formulation of Steak Marinade Seasoning ABSTRACTExtracts of cashew apple (EBSJM) as marinade seasoning is one of the applications of cashew apple utilization in the food sector. Study was aimed to determine the optimum level of EBSJM as a substitute for sauce in the marination seasoning formula reviewed from its physical and hedonic characteristics. Four levels of EBSJM concentration with five iterations (0, 5, 10, and 15%) of the sauce proportion (v/v) was defined in the marinade seasoning for steak. Steak seasoning products for each formula were further characterised by physicalochemistry. EBSJM substitution to tomato sauce affected the viscosity, pH, moisture content, and total solids of marinade seasoning and hedonic characteristics (taste and texture) in the steak as a result of the application of the seasoning. Viscosity and total solids increased while water levels decreased at substitutions by more than 5% (p<0.05). The decrease in seasoning pH increased in line with the addition of substitutions up to 10% (p<0.05). Hedonic tests showed a 5% substitution resulting in the most preferred chicken steak in terms of texture and taste (p<0.05). The substitution of tomato sauce with EBSJM 5% obtained the marinade products for steaks that were dense, sour, concentrated, and most preferred. Keywords: Cashew apple; extracts; margination;  seasonings
Penambatan Molekuler Senyawa Bioaktif dari Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pangi (Pangium edule) Terhadap Reseptor Protease HIV-1 Sefren Geiner Tumilaar; Jainer Pasca Siampa; Trina Ekawati Tallei
JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS Volume 21 Nomor 1, April 2021
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (794.784 KB) | DOI: 10.35799/jis.21.1.2021.30282

Abstract

ABSTRAKHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) merupakan virus yang menyerang sistem kekebalan tubuh, dan pada akhirnya dapat menyebabkan Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Daun Pangi (Pangium edule) yang sering digunakan sebagai sayuran oleh masyarakat di Sulawesi Utara, telah diteliti memiliki efek penghambatan pada enzim protease HIV-1. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi potensi senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung dalam daun Pangi dalam menghambat protease HIV-1 secara in silico. Senyawa ini diekstraksi menggunakan etanol dan ditentukan menggunakan Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). Penambatan molekul dilakukan menggunakan program Autodock Vina dengan menambatkan senyawa yang telah ditentukan pada situs aktif reseptor protease HIV-1 (PDB ID: 3NU3). Hasil GC-MS dari ekstrak etanol daun Pangi menunjukkan 12 komponen senyawa. Senyawa-senyawa ini  digunakan sebagai ligan untuk ditambatkan pada protease HIV-1. Hasil penambatan senyawa-senyawa tersebut dibandingkan dengan hasil penambatan amprenavir yang digunakan sebagai ligan kontrol. Studi penambatan molekuler menunjukkan bahwa Phytol merupakan ligan dengan nilai afinitas pengikatan terendah (-8,8 kkal / mol).Kata kunci: Pangi; penambatan molekuler; protease HIV-1Molecular Docking of Bioactive Compounds from Pangi (Pangium edule) Leaves Ethanol Extract Against HIV-1 Protease ABSTRACTHuman Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that attacks the immune system and can eventually cause Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The leaf of Pangi (Pangium edule), which is often used as a vegetable by people in North Sulawesi, has been investigated to have an inhibitory effect on the HIV-1 protease enzyme. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of bioactive compounds contained in Pangi leaves in inhibiting HIV-1 protease by using in silico analysis. These compounds were extracted using ethanol and determined using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). The evaluation was carried out using the Autodock Vina program by docking the determined compounds on the active site of the HIV-1 protease receptor (PDB ID: 3NU3). There were 12 compounds detected in the ethanol extract of Pangi leaves, which were then used as ligands, and the results were compared with amprenavir as a control ligand. Molecular docking study showed that Phytol was the ligand with the lowest binding affinity value ( -8.8 kcal/mol).Keywords: Pangi;  molecular docking; HIV-1 protease
Aktivitas Antioksidan Jus Stroberi (Fragaria ananassa Duchessne) Terhadap Kadar SGPT, SGOT dan MDA pada Tikus Jantan Galur Wistar yang Diinduksi Isoniazid Ebta Narasukma Anggraeny; Endang Sri Sunarsih; Patricia Sanggita Listyoputri Wibowo; Novi Elisa
JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS Volume 21 Nomor 1, April 2021
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (36.144 KB) | DOI: 10.35799/jis.21.1.2021.30337

Abstract

ABSTRAKIsoniazid adalah obat anti tuberkulosis yang digunakan baik sebagai monoterapi atau kombinasi. Penggunaan isoniazid dalam waktu lama dapat menyebabkan hepatotoksik. Hepatotoksik disebabkan oleh hasil metabolisme isoniazid di hepar berupa hidrazin dan asetilhidrazin. Radikal bebas tersebut yang menyebabkan tingginya reactive oxygen species (ROS) didalam tubuh. Tingginya radikal bebas menyebabkan peningkatan kadar SGPT dan SGOT yang merupakan indikator adanya kerusakan hepar. Tingginya radikal bebas dalam tubuh dapat dilihat dari paramter MDA. Hal tersebut dapat diatasi dengan pemberian antioksidan eksogen seperti jus stroberi (Fragaria ananassa Duchessne). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui skrinning fitokimia jus stroberi dan pengaruh pemberian jus stroberi terhadap kadar SGPT, SGOT dan MDA pada tikus yang diinduksi Isoniazid. Perlakuan diberikan  selama 14 hari dengan pembagian kelompok yaitu kontrol normal, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, dosis 3g/kgBB, 6g/kgBB, dan 9g/kgBB. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada hari 1, hari 15, dan hari 29. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa jus stroberi dapat menurunkan kadar SGPT, SGOT dan MDA pada tikus yang diinduksi isoniazid dengan dosis efektif sebesar 3g/kgBB tikus.Kata kunci: Isoniazid;  jus stroberi; MDA; SGPT; SGOT;Effect of Strawberry Juice (Fragraria ananassa Duchessne) against SGPT, SGOT and MDA levels in Isoniazide-Induced Wistar Male Rats ABSTRACTIsoniazid is an anti-tuberculosis drug that is used either as monotherapy or in combination. Prolonged use of isoniazid can cause hepatotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity is caused by the hepatic isoniazid metabolism in the form of hydrazine and acetylhydrazine. These free radicals cause high reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the body. The high level of free radicals causes an increase in SGPT and SGOT levels, which are indicators of liver damage. The high level of free radicals in the body can be seen from the MDA parameter. This can be overcome by giving exogenous antioxidants such as strawberry juice (Fragaria ananassa Duchessne). The purpose of this study was to determine the phytochemical screening of strawberry juice and the effect of giving strawberry juice on the levels of SGPT, SGOT and MDA in rats induced by Isoniazid. The treatment was given for 14 days divided into groups, namely normal control, negative control, positive control, dose of 3g / kg, 6g / kg, and 9g / kg of body weight. Data were collected on day 1, day 15, and day 29. The results of this study concluded that strawberry juice can reduce levels of SGPT, SGOT and MDA in isoniazid-induced rats with an effective dose of 3 g/kgBW rats.Keywords: Isoniazid; Strawberry juice; MDA; SGPT; SGOT
Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Sukrosa Terhadap Total Bakteri Asam Laktat, pH, Kadar Alkohol dan Hedonik Water Kefir Belimbing Manis (Averrhoa carambola) Heni Rizqiati; Dhea Luthfia Ramadhanti; Mohammad Ihsan Yahya Prayoga
JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS Volume 21 Nomor 1, April 2021
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (602.319 KB) | DOI: 10.35799/jis.21.1.2021.31160

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan sukrosa dengan beberapa konsentrasi yang berbeda terhadap total bakteri asam laktat, nilai pH, kadar alkohol, dan uji hedonik water kefir belimbing manis. Desain percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 kali ulangan, dengan perlakuan penambahan beberapa konsentrasi sukrosa (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, dan 12%). Belimbing yang digunakan adalah jenis belimbing manis dengan menggunakan grain water kefir sebanyak 5% dan difermentasi selama 24 jam. Kualitas water kefir belimbing yang dianalisis yakni total bakteri asam laktat, nilai pH, kadar alkohol dan kesukaan produk. Data parametrik yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan aplikasi SPSS 22.0 menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) yang dilanjutkan dengan Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT), sedangkan data non parametrik dianalisis dengan uji Mann-Whitney yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Kruskall-Wallis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan sukrosa dengan beberapa konsentrasi yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap total bakteri asam laktat, kadar alkohol, nilai pH dan uji hedonik. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi sukrosa yang ditambahkan maka semakin tinggi total bakteri asam laktat, alkohol, dan hedonik serta menurunkan nilai pH pada produk, perlakuan terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan T3 dengan penambahan sukrosa sebanyak 9% yang menghasilkan total bakteri asam laktat sebesar 8,746, nilai pH sebesar 4,32, kadar alkohol sebesar 1,05%, dan memiliki skor kesukaan sebesar 3,76.Kata kunci : Alkohol; belimbing; pH; water kefir The Effect of Variation Sucrose Concentration on Total Lactic Acid Bacteria, pH, Alcohol Content and Hedonic in Water Kefir from Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola) ABSTRACTThis research was to determine the effect of sucrose addition on total lactic acid bacteria, pH value, alcohol content, and hedonic test in water kefir from starfruit. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications, with treatment addition some concentration sucrose (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, and 12%). Starfruit used is a type of sweet starfruit with a kefir water grain of 5% and fermented for 24 hours. Starfruit water kefir quality analyzed are total lactic acid bacteria, pH value, alcohol content and hedonic properties of the product. The resulted parametric data is then analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT), while the non parametric data were analyzed using the Mann-whitney test followed by the Kruskall-wallis test.  The results showed that the addition of sucrose with several different concentrations had a significant effect on  total lactic acid bacteria, alcohol content, pH value and hedonic test. The higher sucrose concentration added the higher the resulted level on the total lactic acid bacteria, alcoholc and hedonic level also lower the pH value of the product, the best treatment is T3 with the addition of 9% sucrose which produces a total of 8,746 lactic acid bacteria, pH value of 4,32, alcohol content of 1,05%, and has a favorite score of 3,76.Keywords : Alcohol; starfruit; pH; water kefir
Patogenisitas Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Viull. yang Diisolasi dari Beberapa Jenis Inang Terhadap Kepik Hijau, Nezara viridula L. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Parluhutan Siahaan; Jusak Wongkar; Susan Wowiling; Rowland Mangais
JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS Volume 21 Nomor 1, April 2021
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (678.695 KB) | DOI: 10.35799/jis.21.1.2021.31172

Abstract

Kepik Hijau (Nezara viridula L.) merupakan hama penting bagi beberapa tanaman pangan seperti kedelai,  padi  dan  jagung.  Salah  satu  upaya  untuk  mengendalikan  hama  adalah  dengan pemanfaatan  entomopatogen,  seperti  virus,  bakteri  maupun  jamur.  Salah  satu  jamur entomopatogen  yang berpotensi untuk dieksploitasi adalah Beauveria bassiana yang mempunyai berbagai jenis inang. Belum diketahui patogenesitas B. bassiana yang diisolasi dari beberapa jenis inang terhadap hama kepik hijau (N. viridula), untuk itulah penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui patogenesitas B. bassiana yang diisolasi dari   inang yang berbeda terhadap hama kepik hijau (N. viridula). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Agens Hayati (LAH) Kalasey, Balai Perlindungan dan Pengujian Mutu Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura (BPPMTPH), Dinas Pertanian dan Peternakan Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Utara.  Penelitian dilakukan secara in- vitro dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 6 perlakuan yaitu (Kontrol negatif , N1: suspensi B. bassiana isolat WBC (wereng batang coklat), N2: suspensi B. bassiana isolat Jati Sari sebagai kontrol positif (rekomendasi Kementan), N3: suspensi B. bassiana isolat Paraeucosmetus pallicornis (kepik hitam), N4: suspensi B. bassiana isolat Leptocorisa acuta (walang sangit) dan N5: suspensi B. bassiana isolat Scotinopara coarctata (kepinding tanah). Perlakuan menggunakan konsentrasi atau kerapatan konidia 109/ml air, dengan 5 ulangan. Data dianalisis dengan Uji Anava 95% dan analisis probit untuk menentukan LT50  (Lethal Time 50). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jamur B. bassiana isolat Jati Sari memiliki patogenisitas tertinggi dengan membunuh kepik hijau (N. viridula) sampai 100% pada hari ke-5 HSP (hari setelah perlakuan), sedangkan isolat lain semuanya pada hari ke-6 HSP. Nilai  LT50  (waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk membunuh 50% serangga uji) terdapat pada isolat P. pallicornis yaitu  2,1 hari. Persentasi mortalitas pada hari ke-3 HSP tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan isolat P. pallicornis dengan rata-rata mortalitas sebesar 78% diikuti isolat L. acuta dan S. coarctata masing-masing sebesar 68%   dan isolat Jati sari sebesar 58%, sedangkan mortalitas terendah terdapat pada perlakuan isolat WBC yaitu sebesar 32%. Tidak ada perbedaan patogenisitas yang signifikan diantara isolat Jati Sari, P. pallicornis, L. acuta maupun S. coarctata kecuali isolat WBC.Kata kunci: Beauveria bassiana; Entomopatogen; Nezara viridula Pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Viull. Isolated from Several Host Species Against Green Ladybug, Nezara viridula L. (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) ABSTRACTGreen Ladybugs (Nezara viridula L.) are important pests for several food crops such as soybeans, rice and corn. One of the efforts to control this pest is the use of entomopathogens, such as viruses, bacteria and fungi. One of the entomopathogenic fungi that has the potential to be exploited is the fungus Beauveria bassiana. The fungi B. bassiana has various of hosts. There are no data on the pathogenicity  of  B.  bassiana  isolated  from  several  host  species  against  green  ladybugs  (Nviridula), for that reason this study was conducted with the aim of knowing the pathogenicity of B. bassiana isolated from different hosts against green ladybugs (N. viridula).. This research was conducted at Laboratory of Biological Control Agents, the Center for the Protection and Quality Testing of Food Crops and Horticulture, the Regional Agriculture and Livestock Service Office of North Sulawesi Province. The research was conducted in-vitro using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments, namely (Negative control, N1: suspension B. bassiana, WBC isolate (brown planthopper), N2: B. bassiana suspension, Jati Sari isolate as a positive control (Ministry of Agriculture Recommendation), N3 : B. bassiana suspension isolate Paraeucosmetus pallicornis (black ladybug), N4: suspension B. bassiana isolate Leptocorisa acuta (Rice ear bug) and N5: suspension B. bassiana isolate Scotinopara coarctata (rice black bug) Treatment using conidia concentration or density 109  / ml water, with 5 replications. Data were analyzed with Anava test 95% and probit analysis to determine LT50 (Lethal Time 50). The results showed that the fungus B. bassiana Jati Sari isolate had the highest pathogenicity, because this isolate was able to kill green ladybugs (N viridula) to 100% on the 5th day of DAT (the day after treatment), while the other isolates were all on the 6th DAT. While the value of LT50  (time needed to kill 50% of the insect test) was found in P. pallicornis isolates which were 2,1 days of DAT. Because LT50 in all isolate treatments was between the 2nd and 3rd day of DAT, the Anava test for mortality was carried out on the 3rd day of DAT. The highest percentage of mortality on the 3rd day of DAT was found in the treatment of P. pallicornis isolates with an average mortality of 78% followed by L. acuta and S. coarctata isolates each at 68% and Jati sari isolates at 58%, while the lowest mortality was found in the treatment of WBC isolates, namely 32%. There was no significant difference in pathogenicity between Jati Sari, P. pallicornis, L. acuta and S. coarctata isolates except for WBC isolates.Keywords: Beauveria bassiana; Entomopatogen;  Nezara viridula
Abundance and Species Composition of Cave Bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) in Selected Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) of Central Visayas, Philippines Gilbert A. Bejec; Lilibeth A. Bucol; Tomas D. Reyes; Reizl P. Jose; Agustin B. Angcog; Albert C. Pagente; Josie M. Rodriguez; Anna Lee N. Bejec; Neri Fretz P. Paglinawan
JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS Volume 21 Nomor 1, April 2021
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1381.955 KB) | DOI: 10.35799/jis.21.1.2021.31238

Abstract

This study assessed the abundance and species richness of bats (Order Chiroptera) inhabiting caves in three KBAs (Key Biodiversity Areas) of Central Visayas: Mt. Bandilaan in Siquijor (13 caves), Mabinay, Negros Oriental (11 caves), and Rajah Sikatuna Protected Landscape(RSPL) in Bohol (31 caves). The study was conducted between February 14 to September 20, 2019. Of the 55 caves surveyed, 35 caves were inhabited by bats. Field survey methods included mist-netting at the cave entrances and direct observations of roosting sites in each cave. This study captured 754 individuals of bats belonging to 16 species, majority of which are insectivorous species (13 species) and only three species are fruitbats (Pteropodidae). Mabinay caves had the highest number of species (11) and captured bats (271 individuals) while RSPL had 9 species (221 individuals) while Mt. Bandilaan only had five species but relatively high captured bats (262 individuals). Five species are Philippine endemics (Hipposideros obscurus, Hipposideros pygmaeus, Ptenochirus jagori, Rhinolophus inops, and R. rufus) and three Near-threatened species (H. lekaguli, M. schreibersii, and R. rufus). The rare bat species (Dobsonia chapmani) may be locally extirpated in Mabinay, where it last documented at Mambajo cave in the 1960s. The survey also noted the absence of fruit bats (observed in 2011 study) in all of the caves in Mt. Bandilaan, probably due to on-going anthropogenic activities (treasure hunting, bat hunting, guano extraction, land conversion, locals illegal entry, graffiti, etc) in caves surveyed. Large colonies of fruitbats and insect bats in RSPL may have been affected by anthropogenic activities inside the caves. Most of the caves surveyed have been promoted for ecotourism activities.Keywords: cave; chiropteran; extraction; karst; limestone
Kristalinitas Abu Vulkanik Gunung Soputan dan Implikasinya Terhadap Perilaku Eksplosif pada Erupsi Tahun 2016 dan 2018 Maria D. Bobanto; Ferdy Ferdy; Guntur Pasau; D.D Tampemawas; A. Saefuloh; Dolfie P Pandara
JURNAL ILMIAH SAINS Volume 21 Nomor 1, April 2021
Publisher : Sam Ratulangi University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (932.293 KB) | DOI: 10.35799/jis.21.1.2021.31296

Abstract

Gunung Soputan adalah gunung basaltik dengan tipe erupsi eksplosif. Tipikal eksplosif berkaitan dengan karakter magma. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kristalinitas abu vulkanik Gunung Soputan tahun 2016 dan 2018 dan implikasinya terhadap perilaku eksplosifnya. Kristalinitas abu vulkanik dikarakterisasi menggunakan peralatan difraktometer sinar X. Indeks kristalinitas dikalkulasi menggunakan persamaan Soltys dan ukuran kristal dikomputasi dengan persamaan Debye-Scherrer. Morfologi partikel abu dikarakterisasi menggunakan SEM. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa abu Soputan tahun 2016 dan 2018 memiliki indeks kristalinitas yang tinggi dan mengandung sejumlah kristal berukuran kecil serta memiliki dua bentuk morfologi yaitu bentuk padat dan blok bervesikular untuk abu hasil erupsi 4 Januari 2016, dan bentuk padat dan blok untuk abu hasil erupsi 6 Februari 2016 dan 3 Oktober 2018. Kristalinitas yang tinggi menyebabkan magma Soputan memiliki viskositas yang memadai untuk terjadinya  erupsi yang eksplosif. Karakter eksplosif Gunung Soputan terekam dalam morfologi abu vulkaniknya.Kata kunci: Abu vulkanik; erupsi eksplosif; fragmentasi getas; indeks kristalinitasCristallinity of Volcanic Ash of Mount Soputan and Its Implication to Explosive Behaviour on Eruption of 2016 and 2018ABSTRACTMount Soputan is a basaltic mountain with an explosive eruption type. Typical explosives relate to the character of the magma. This study aims to examine the crystallinity of Mount Soputan's volcanic ash in 2016 and 2018 and its implications for its explosive behavior. The crystallinity of volcanic ash was characterized using an X-ray diffractometer. The crystallinity index was calculated using the Soltys equation and the crystal size computed using the Debye-Scherrer equation. The morphology of the ash particles was characterized using SEM. The characterization results show that the 2016 and 2018 Soputan ash has a high crystallinity index and contains a number of small crystals and has two morphological forms, namely solid form and vesicular block for ash from the eruption on January 4, 2016, and solid and block form for eruption ash 6 February 2016 and October 3 2018. High crystallinity causes the Soputan magma to have sufficient viscosity for explosive eruptions. The explosive character of Mount Soputan is recorded in the morphology of its volcanic ash.Keywords: Brittle fragmentation; crystallinity index; explosive eruption; volcanic ash

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