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International Journal of Science and Environment
Published by CV. Inara
ISSN : -     EISSN : 28090551     DOI : https://doi.org/10.51601/ijse.v2i4
Core Subject : Science, Education, Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Mathematics Physics
International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE) is to provide a research medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level research in the fields of Science and Environment . Original theoretical work and application-based studies, which contributes to a better understanding all fields of Science and Environment. The aim and scope of the journal Chemistry, Chemical Analysis, Physical Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Ecology, Biodiversity, Zoology, Biochemistry, Mathematics, Environmental Science, Agriculture, Environment, Forestry.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 300 Documents
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Conflicts over Customary Rights of Indigenous Communities in The National Capital City Development Project Mulyani, Nina Sri; Alfiana, Rita
International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijse.v6i1.346

Abstract

This study examines agrarian conflicts in the development of the Indonesian National Capital (IKN) in East Kalimantan, with a focus on the customary rights of indigenous peoples. Normatively, Article 18B paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution and Article 3 of the UUPA have provided recognition to indigenous peoples and their customary rights. However, the implementation of this recognition has not been effective. Dependence on administrative recognition through Regional Regulations (Perda), lengthy mechanisms for proving customary rights, and the paradigm of accelerated development have led to marginalization, loss of living space, and legal uncertainty. This study uses normative legal methods with a statutory, conceptual, and case approach and is analyzed through the Theory of Recognition and the Theory of Development Law. The results indicate that although the national legal framework has regulated customary rights, the practice of IKN development still places these rights as administratively conditional rights. The absence of a Perda recognizing customary communities means that customary land that has not been formally designated is treated as state land. AMAN data from 2025 recorded 110 agrarian conflicts, including the Balik Sepaku, Balik Pemaluan, and Paser Maridan cases, demonstrating the disharmony between legal norms and their implementation. Therefore, a structural and paradigmatic transformation of agrarian law is needed through the ratification of the Customary Law Communities Law, accelerated regional regulation formation, and participatory mapping of customary territories.
The Legal Impact of Agrarian Conflicts in The PIK2 National Strategic Project on Local Community Rights Alfiana, Rita; Dahyono, Dahyono
International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijse.v6i1.347

Abstract

The disharmony between the legal basis of the PIK2 National Strategic Project (PSN PIK2) and the legal regulations above it indicates a conflict of interest between the parties involved. The 1945 Constitution states that all things in the Indonesian archipelago, including their contents, are controlled and managed by the state for the benefit and welfare of all its people. The acquisition of 1,755 hectares of land for the Tropical Coastland megaproject of PSN PIK2, located in Muara Village, Kronjo Village, Tanjung Pasir Village, and Kohod Village, has resulted in the loss of land rights for local communities. The Supreme Court through decision No. 12 P/HUM/2025, stated that the Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs Regulation No. 12/2024 concerning the Sixth Amendment to the Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs Regulation No. 7/2021 concerning Amendments to the PSN List, is in conflict with higher laws and regulations, namely Article 3 paragraph (4) PP 42/2021, Article 8 of Law 41/1999, Article 1 number 16 and 17 of Law 32/2009 and Article 1 number 28 of Law 26/2007. Through the Statute approach and Case approach, this study aims to seek justice and legal certainty for affected local communities, as well as provide solutions so that national development does not become an agrarian conflict.
Legal Analysis of Land Redistribution Policy and Protection of The Rights of Indigenous Communities Syria-Ria Province of North Sumatra Oktaviana, Stefany; Alfiana, Rita
International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijse.v6i1.348

Abstract

Inequality in land ownership remains a pressing agrarian issue in Indonesia, particularly for indigenous communities whose territories frequently clash with state claims. Land redistribution policies, as part of the agrarian reform agenda, are intended to achieve justice and equal access to land. However, their implementation often faces structural obstacles, particularly in areas with customary rights. This study analyzes the implementation of land redistribution policies and the protection of the rights of the Siria-Ria indigenous community in North Sumatra Province through a normative juridical approach referring to laws and regulations, doctrines, and empirical data. The study findings indicate that the implementation of land redistribution in Siria-Ria Village still does not provide legal certainty due to disharmony between Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Regulations (UUPA) and Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry (Forestry Law), resulting in overlapping authority between the ATR/BPN and the Ministry of Environment and Forestry. The determination of forest areas through Decree of the Minister of Forestry No. 579/Menhut-II/2014 and the establishment of the food estate program through Decree of the Minister of Environment and Forestry No. 448/2020 and Presidential Decree No. 131 of 2024 have reduced the living space of indigenous peoples and ignored the principle of protecting customary rights as guaranteed in Article 18B paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD 1945), Constitutional Court Decision No. 35/PUU-X/2012, and the principle of free, prior, and informed consent (FPIC). Thus, the state needs to harmonize regulations, formally determine customary areas, and implement stronger legal protection so that land redistribution policies can truly realize agrarian justice for the indigenous people of Syria-Ria.
Analysis of The Principle of Fairness on The Validity of Consumer Consent in Telemarketing Agreements in The Banking Sector in Indonesia Saiful Ahmad, Ahluddin; Pamadya Astuti, Yuniar
International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijse.v6i1.349

Abstract

This study examines the validity of consumer consent in banking telemarketing agreements through the approach of fairness theory and modern contract law doctrine. The analysis shows that telemarketing communication patterns create an information imbalance that affects the quality of verbal consent, so that the elements of agreement as stated in Article 1320 of the Civil Code are not substantively formed. This study also confirms that not providing consumers with copies of recorded conversations or written contracts weakens the evidence, reduces the effectiveness of the cooling-off mechanism, and contradicts the principles of consumer protection in the Consumer Protection Law (UUPK), the Electronic Information and Transactions Law (UU ITE), and POJK 6/2022. This study proposes the obligation to provide recordings, written contracts, and supporting documents as a mechanism to restore balance and ensure fairness in the formation of telemarketing agreements.
Protection of Muslim Consumers Against Food Products with Fake Halal Labels from The Perspective of Law Number 8 of 1999 Concerning Consumer Protection Azmi, Farihatun; Ernawati, Ernawati
International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijse.v6i1.350

Abstract

The halal status of food products is considered a fundamental aspect for Muslim consumers because it is directly related to religious beliefs and the right to correct information. However, in practice, misuse of halal labels is still found, misleading consumers, one example being the case of the Widuran Fried Chicken Restaurant in Solo City. This study aims to examine the form of legal protection for Muslim consumers against the circulation of food products using fake halal labels, as well as to analyze the legal liability of business actors according to regulations on consumer protection and halal product guarantees. The research method applied is normative legal research conducted through a statutory regulatory approach and literature study, with qualitative data analysis. The results show that legal protection for Muslim consumers is implemented through two main instruments: a preventive mechanism that requires business actors to provide information regarding the halal status of products accurately, transparently, and responsibly, and a repressive mechanism in the form of administrative, civil, and criminal fines. Business actors proven to have included halal claims that are inconsistent with legal provisions can be held accountable for losses suffered by consumers. This study concludes that the implementation of related regulations is not yet fully optimal, so it is necessary to increase supervision and legal awareness of business actors to ensure the fulfillment of Muslim consumer rights.
Legal Validity of Smart Contracts as a Digital Contract Mechanism in Online Buying and Selling Transactions (E-Commerce) on the Opensea Application Asan, Muhamad Lutfi; Amelia Azis, Rizka
International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijse.v6i1.351

Abstract

The rapid development of information technology has revolutionized conventional contract practices toward decentralized and transparent digital contracts. This phenomenon has given rise to new forms of contracting, such as smart contracts. Smart contracts are digital contracts designed to facilitate automatic (self-executing) contract execution. This research focuses on the legal validity of smart contracts as a digital contract mechanism in online (e-commerce) transactions, as well as the legal liability of the parties arising from their automated execution. The research method used is a normative legal research method with a statute approach, case approach, and analytical approach by analyzing in depth Article 1320 of the Civil Code, Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions, the second amendment to Law Number 11 of 2008, Government Regulation Number 71 of 2019 concerning Electronic System Administration and Transactions, Government Regulation Number 80 of 2019 concerning Trade Through Electronic Systems, regarding the requirements for the validity of an agreement, by highlighting the implementation of smart contracts, especially the issue of the competence of the smart contract system. The results of the study show that smart contracts can be implemented technically, but legally based on the requirements for the validity of an agreement in Article 1320 of the Civil Code, smart contracts do not meet the requirements for the validity of an agreement and cannot be implemented perfectly in smart contract agreements and the legal responsibilities of the parties can still be applied in accordance with applicable regulations. Therefore, this study confirms that current smart contract regulations still have a legal vacuum and only rely on conventional legal frameworks such as Article 1320 The Civil Code and Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions serve as the primary legal basis for smart contracts.
Appointment of Acting Regional Heads by The Central Government: Analysis of Authority and Principles of Local Democracy Lumba Agung Masben; Edi Subiyanto, Achmad
International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijse.v6i1.352

Abstract

The appointment of an Acting Regional Head by the Central Government during the transition period of the 2024 National Simultaneous Regional Elections has sparked constitutional controversy regarding government authority and alignment with the principles of local democracy and decentralization. This study aims to examine the legal construction of the Central Government's authority in appointing Acting Regional Heads. In addition, this study also seeks to evaluate the suitability of this practice with the principles of democracy and decentralization as stipulated in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The method used in this study is a normative legal research method, by applying a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The legal sources that are the object of analysis include the 1945 Constitution, Law No. 10 of 2016, Law No. 23 of 2014, and Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs No. 4 of 2023, Constitutional Court decisions, and scientific literature related to the theory of authority and democracy. The results of the study indicate that the authority of the Central Government in appointing Acting Regional Heads is formally attributive and meets the principle of legality. However, the regulatory framework still leaves serious issues related to the limits of authority, selection mechanisms, accountability, and minimal participation by the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) and local communities. This situation creates a deficit in democratic legitimacy and a tendency towards recentralization, which has the potential to undermine the principle of regional autonomy. This study concludes that the appointment of Acting Regional Heads is formally constitutional but problematic from a democratic and decentralized perspective, necessitating a reconstruction of the appointment mechanism to align with the principles of local democracy and a democratic state based on the rule of law.
The Urgency of Establishing AI Regulations to Ensure Legal Certainty and AI Ethics in Responding to Challenges Digitalization in Indonesia Saiful Ahmad, Ahluddin; Hana Santoso, Kamelia
International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijse.v6i1.353

Abstract

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in Indonesia has had a significant impact on various aspects of life, including the legal realm and the protection of individual rights. Phenomena such as deepfakes and generative AI, as seen in the case of the "Polaroid Gemini AI Trend," demonstrate the weak legal protection of privacy and personal image due to the absence of regulations specifically governing the use and responsibilities for AI. This study uses a normative juridical approach with a literature review and descriptive-analytical analysis method to assess the effectiveness of current regulations, such as the ITE Law and the PDP Law, and examines the urgency of establishing specific regulations regarding artificial intelligence. The results show that both laws are unable to accommodate the complexity of AI, particularly regarding legal accountability for automatically generated digital content. Therefore, the establishment of specific regulations based on Luciano Floridi's digital ethics theory and UNESCO's AI Ethics, which emphasize the principles of transparency, justice, accountability, and respect for human rights, is needed. These regulations are expected to create adaptive legal certainty and realize ethical, equitable, and sustainable AI governance in Indonesia.
Needs Analysis of Multicultural-Based Character Education in The Nusantara Dance I Course at The Department of Performing Arts Education Djafar, Nurlia; Rahim, Maryam; Bouti, Suleman; Zubaidi, Mohamad
International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijse.v6i1.355

Abstract

This study aims to analyze students’ learning needs and perceptions in the Tari Nusantara 1 course at Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, focusing on the integration of multicultural and character-based education through traditional dance. Using a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative surveys and qualitative interpretation, data were collected from 16 respondents through questionnaires. The findings reveal that all students (100%) demonstrate a strong motivation to understand Indonesia’s cultural richness, develop traditional dance skills, and strengthen their moral and cultural identity. Students perceive dance not merely as artistic performance but as a medium for building self-confidence, discipline, and pride in national heritage. Overall, the study concludes that Tari Nusantara 1 should be designed as a holistic, multicultural learning space that balances cognitive, affective, and psychomotor development. Such an approach fosters character formation, cultural awareness, and professionalism, preparing students as future cultural preservers in the global era.
The Design and Implementation of a Web-Based Mosque Information System (Case Study at Sirothol Mustaqim Mosque, Manukan) Using Requirement Prototype Approach Novaris Maulana, Dhany; Gede Wiarta Sena, I; Wirapraja, Alexander
International Journal of Science and Environment (IJSE) Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February 2026
Publisher : CV. Inara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51601/ijse.v6i1.356

Abstract

Mosques play a broad role not only as places of worship, but also as centres for educational, social, and community empowerment activities. However, manual management of mosque activities often leads to problems such as irregular activity schedules, limited information dissemination, and weak communication between administrators and congregations. This study aims to design and develop a web-based Mosque Activity Information System at the Sirothol Mustaqim Manukan Mosque to support more structured, efficient, and integrated management of mosque activities. The development method used is Requirement Prototyping, which consists of ex ante, execution, and expost execution stages, ensuring the system is developed based on user needs. The resultant system efficiently manages data regarding worship schedules, da'wah initiatives, imam and khatib timetables, mosque finances, and administrative documentation, while enhancing communication between administrators and congregants through prompt dissemination of information and activity alerts. The User Acceptance Testing (UAT) results indicated high user acceptance, with all participants rating their experience as either fairly good or very good. Consequently, the developed system is deemed suitable for implementation and has the potential to be applied in the management of mosques with analogous requirements.

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