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The Kinetics of CD8+ T Lymphocytes in Dengue Patients in Yogyakarta Loo Huai Na; Umi Solekhah Intansari; Ida Safitri Laksanawati
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2012): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Dengue fever can be graded into dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). The CD8+ T lymphocytes mediate antiviral activity by producing cytokines and directly destroyed the dengue virus infected cells. This study focuses in observing the kinetics of CD8+ T lymphocytes absolute and relative count in dengue patients.Objectives: To observe the kinetics of CD8+ T lymphocytes absolute and relative count in dengue patients.Methods: The research design used is a descriptive study. This research measures and observes the kinetics CD8+ T lymphocytes absolute and relative count from day 2 to day 7. The CD8+ T lymphocytes count was determined using flowcytometry. Data was analyzed using ANOVA and independent t test with p<0.05 considered as significant.Results: The CD8+ T lymphocytes absolute count is low during the beginning of disease course and it gradually increases from day 2 to day 7. The CD8+ T lymphocytes relative count decreases from day 2 to day 3, and start to increase back from day 3 to day 7. There is no difference between the level of CD8+ T lymphocytes absolute count and relative count between DF and DHF patients.Conclusion: There is an increase in CD8+ T lymphocytes absolute count and relative count in dengue patients. There is no difference between DF and DHF patients in CD8+ T lymphocytes absolute and relative count. Keywords: dengue fever; dengue hemorrhagic fever; CD8+ T lymphocytes; absolute count; relative count.

Kinetics of CD69 Expression on Natural Killer Cells During Acute Phase of Dengue Infection` Marshita Binti Kamarudin; Umi Solekhah Intansari; Ida Safitri Laksanawati
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2012): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Dengue infection is major annual public health problem in Indonesia. NK cells have a role in cellular immunity to viral infection, however only a few studies of NK cells and were conducted in vivo especially in Indonesia.Objectives: To explore the kinetics of CD 69 expression on NK cells during the acute phase of dengue infection.Methods: Observational cohort study in Dr. Sardjito Hospital was conducted. Clinical data and laboratory data was collected to measure the number of activated NK cells (CD69) using flowcytometry. The percentage of CD69 then calculated using non- parametric test (Kuskal-Wallis Test) and Student t-test. The fluorescence intensity of CD69 was also analyzed.Results: The mean of activated NK cells (CD69) percentage was higher during the early days of acute phase (day 2 to day3), and continuously declined until the seventh day but statistically they were not significant. Fluorescence intensity of CD69 showed its peak during the fifth day of fever.Conclusion: CD69 expression on activated NK cells were increased during the early days (day 2-day 3) of acute fever but decreased after that (day 4-day 7). The highest intensity of CD69 expression was on the fifth day of fever. Keywords: Dengue infection, kinetics, NK cell, CD69, cellular immune response, acute phase, adults.

The Effect of Health Promotion on Helminthic Infection Among the Garbage Collectors at the Final Disposal Site of Piyungan, Bantul, Yogyakarta Resmiaini Resmiaini; Windadari Murni Hartini; Sri Sumarni
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2012): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Garbage collector is a group of workers with a high risk of developing helminthic infection. This is because the profession mostly related with garbage is susceptible to higher risk of exposure to worm egg. Health promotion for the use of self-protective equipments and personal hygiene is one of the ways of developing awareness among the garbage collectors to behave and act based on their knowledge. This would eventually reduce the incidence of helminthic.Objectives: To find out the effect of health promotion for the use of Self-Protective Equipment and personal hygiene in improving knowledge, attitude, and garbage collecting practice and to get a description on the helminthic infection.Methods: A quasi experiment study was conducted with Pretest and Posttest Group Design. Samples of the study were garbage collectors, who were selected with purposive sampling technique. The samples were divided into two groups: treatment group (25 respondents) and control group (25 respondents). Data were collected using questionnaires for knowledge, attitude, practice, and fecal samples. The data were analyzed using statistical analyses, namely, paired t-test and independent t-test with a significance level of p=0,05.Results: Knowledge who received health promotion (treatment group), on the helminthic infection was better than those in the control group, who did not receive health promotion. No significant difference was found for attitude and personal hygiene practice between the treatment group and the control group. A decrease of helminthic infection was found after the health promotion in both the treatment group and the control group.Conclusion: Health promotion can enhance the garbage collectors’ knowledge on the prevention and reduce the incidence of helminthic infections. Keywords: Health promotion, garbage collectors, helminthic infection

Filariasis malayi in Pondok Village, West Umbu Ratunggay, Central Sumba Regency Soleman Landi; Tri Baskoro T Satoto; Soeyoko Soeyoko
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2012): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Lymphatic filariasis is a communicable disease that still cause public health problem include in Sumba Island, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The cause of disease is three species of filaria and had been distributed almost in all area of Indonesia. There are differences in the distribution of species in the Indonesian regionObjectives: To investigate the profile of filariasis, the species and Microfilaria rate in Pondok Village.Methods: The sample was all of population in Pondok Village who meet the criterion and examination was performed by observation and fingerprick blood survey.Results: Fingerprick blood survey was performed on 500 respondents and was found 23 respondents suffered microfilaremia. Based on their clinical symptoms it was found 45 respondents had acute limfangitis symptoms, headache and frequent relapse fever (10 was positive mikrofilaremia) and 4 respondents suffered chronic symptoms. Based on the microfilaria morfology identification it was known that all of the filariasis caused by Brugia timori species.Conclusion: Pondok Village was lymphatic filariasis endemic area, caused by Brugia timori with microfilaria rate at 4,6%.Keywords : Filariasis, Microfilaria rate, Brugia timori, Sumba Island.

CHARACTERIZATION AND APPLICATION OF WDSSB5 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY FOR THE DETECTION OF DENGUE VIRUS IN C6/36 CELL LINE USING IMMUNOCYTOCHEMICAL METHOD Nurminha Nurminha; Sitti Rahma Umniyati; Wayan T Amarta
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 2, No 2 (2012): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

ABSTRACTIntroducition: Dengue Fever (DF) and Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) are caused by Dengue virus that consists of 4 serotypes of Dengue Virus (DENV) 1, 2, 3 and 4. Isolation of Dengue virus using C6/36 cell is considered as a gold standard for the diagnosis of Dengue virus infection. Dengue Team of Gadjah Mada University successfully produced monoclonal antibodies of DENV 3 originating from hybrid cells of DSSC7, DSSE10 and WDSSB5. The detection of Dengue virus’s antigens of Ae. aegypti in human blood smear with Streptavidine Biotin Peroxide Complex (SBPC) immunocytochemistry method using DSSC7 primary antibody is highly sensitive and specific, whereas using WDSSB5 monoclonal antibody yet to be characterized. Objective: The study aimed to identify characterization and application of WDSSB5 monoclonal antibody as primary antibody for detection of Dengue virus originating from serum of patients with Dengue infection which was inoculated in C6/36 cell line using SBPC immunocytochemistry method.Methods: The study was experimentally designed. Propagation of WDSSB5 hybridoma cell was performed in vitro and in vivo. The characterization consisted of classification of WDSSB5 monoclonal antibody, examination of WDSSB5 ascites protein level, sensitivity and specificity of immunocytochemical SBPC method using WDSSB5 primary antibody and specificity of monoclonal antibody against Dengue antigen with Dot Blot method. Dengue virus obtained from patients was inoculated in C6/36 cell. Detection of Dengue virus antigen was performed by SBPC immunocytochemistry method with WDSSB5 monoclonal antibody as primary antibody. Positive control was made using C6/36 cell infected with DENV 1, 2, 3, 4 and inoculated in C6/36 cell, whereas negative control uses cell C6/36 not infected with Dengue virus.Results: There was WDSSB5 monoclonal antibody detected in this research which was belonged to IgG class and IgG1 subclass. The least content of WDSSB5 monoclonal antibody that can detect Dengue antigen in C6/36 cell was 2.2 µg/µL. The WDSSB5 monoclonal antibody was sensitive to detect DENV 1, 2, 3, 4 antigens in C6/36 cell using SBPC immunocytochemistry method.Conclusion: There was WDSSB5 monoclonal antibody specific againts Dengue virus identified in this study. WDSSB5 monoclonal antibody belonged to class IgG and subclass IgG1. WDSSB5 Monoclonal antibody can be applied to detect Dengue virus originating from serum of patients positively carrying Dengue virus inoculated in C6/36 cell using SPBC immunocytochemistry method. Keywords: Dengue Virus, immunocytochemical, monoclonal antibody, C6/36 cell

Correlation Between Soil-Transmitted Helminth (STH) Infection and Eosinophil Score on Residents Around Landfill of Mojosongo Village, Jebres Sub-District, Surakarta City Rochmadina Suci Bestari; Supargiyono Supargiyono; Sumarni Sumarni; Suyoko Suyoko
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2017): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

Introduction: Soil-Transmitted Helminth (STH) infected more than one million people all over the world. In Indonesia, the prevalence of STH infection is still high in a few places, some of them are 40-60 % of all ages, with different species of helminth and intensity. Citizens around landfills usually has unhealthy sanitary and life style. Some data indicated that they often suffer alergic symptoms, like itchy on the skin and chronic coughing which could be due to STH infection.Objectives: This study was held to know the relationship between STH infection and eosinophil score at citizens around landfills of Kelurahan Mojosongo Kecamatan Jebres Kota Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia.Methods: Stool and blood sample from 96 citizens of study site who agreed to participate (by informed consent) were collected. Kato-Katz method was used to determine the helminths infection intensity. Eosinophil count was done on thin blood smear stained with Giemsa to identify the percentage of eosinophil among other cells on the blood smear subjects. .Results: Prevalence of STH infection was 7,29% (7/96) with egg density of 61 Eggs Per Gram Feses (EPGF). Single type of helminth infection occured among the participants and there was no co-infection. Hookworm infection was 6,25% (6/96) and Trichuris trichiura infection was 1,04% (1/96). There was no Ascaris lumbricoides infection. All of them were fall into catagory of light infection. The prevalence of eosinophilia was 27,8% (26/96) with 2,63% mean osinophil percentage. There was a very weak association between STH infection intensity and eosinophil score (r=0,190; p=0,032).Conclusion: The prevalence of STH infection of the population around landfills of Mojosongo, Surakarta was 7,29% and predominated by Hookworm. There was a very weak association between STH infection intensity and eosinophil score (r=0,190; p=0,032). Keywords: STH infection, STH infection intensity, eosinophil score, Kato-Katz, eosinophiliaINTISARIPendahuluan: Soil-Transmitted Helminth (STH) menginfeksi lebih dari satu milyar orang di seluruh dunia. Di Indonesia, prevalensi STH di beberapa tempat juga masih tinggi, ada diantaranya dengan prevalensi 40-60 % pada semua umur, dengan jenis cacing dan intensitas yang berbeda-beda. Masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitar Tempat Pembuangan sampah Akhir (TPA) biasanya sanitasi lingkungan dan kebiasaan hidupnya tidak sehat. Beberapa data menunjukkan bahwa mereka biasanya mengeluhkan adanya gejala alergi seperti gatal-gatal pada kulit dan batuk kronis yang sangat mungkin disebabkan olef infeksi STH.Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengetahui hubungan infeksi STH dengan angka eosinofil pada masyarakat di sekitar TPA Kelurahan Mojosongo Kecamatan Jebres Kota Surakarta, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia.Metode : Sampel tinja dan darah dikoleksi dari 96 warga yang bersedia berpartisipasi (dengan informed consent). Metode Kato-Katz digunakan untuk mengetahui adanya infeksi STH dan mengetahui intensitas infeksinya. Hitung eosinofil dilakukan pada sediaan apus darah tipis yang dipulas dengan Giemsa untuk mengetahui persentase eosinofil pada penderita.Hasil: Prevalensi infeksi STH secara keseluruhan sebesar 7,29% (7/96) dengan rata-rata jumlah telur 61 telur per gram feses. Semua menderita infeksi tunggal dan tidak ada yang infeksi campuran. Infeksi hookworm sebesar 6,25% (6/96) dan infeksi Trichuris trichiura sebesar 1,04% (1/96). Tidak ditemukan infeksi Ascaris lumbricoides. Semuanya menderita infeksi ringan. Prevalensi eosinofilia adalah 27,8% (26/96) dengan rata-rata persentase eosinofil 2,63%. Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara intensitas infeksi STH dengan angka eosinofil, dengan kekuatan sangat lemah (r=0,190; p=0,032).Simpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara intensitas infeksi STH dengan angka eosinofil, dengan kekuatan sangat lemah (r=0,190; p=0,032). Kata kunci : infeksi STH, intensitas infeksi STH, angka eosinofil, Kato-Katz, eosinofilia

Risk Factors of Tuberculosis at Women in Cilacap District Nana Sumarna; Ning Rintiswati; Lutfan Lazuardi
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2017): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is disease a second major cause of deaths worldwide among infectious diseases, killing nearly 2 million people each year. The variety of problems will arise if the woman was suffering TB especially who are married, pregnant, and have children. Her role as a housewife who had to carry out physical or mental care of children while taking care of her husband will be disturbed. The prevalence of smear positive pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) in 6 region health center in Cilacap District at 2012, women higher than men.Objectives: To know probability of pregnancy, marital status, parity, physical activity, level of education, level of knowledge, the kitchen smoke pollution, history contact with TB patient, residential density, ventilation against TB incidence in women.Methods: The type of research was observational analytical case-control design. Sample is 102 people consisting of as many as 51 cases and 51 control. Sampling is done with proportional random sampling techniques. Data were analyzed with the univariabel, bivariabel analysis, and multivariable.Results: Pregnancy (OR 1.2 95% CI 2.4-23.7 p0.04), parity (OR 3.5, 95% CI 1.3-9.7 p 0.01), history of contacts (OR 3.8 95% CI 1.4-10.4 p 0.01) ventilation (OR 2.4 95% CI 7,5-23.7 p 0.00) as a risk factor for the occurrence of TB in women.Conclusion: The incidence of TB in women in Cilacap District a more probable or risk greater in women who were pregnant, high parity, had a history of contacts, and stay at home with the bad ventilation. Probability of them was 99.5% Keywords: Tuberculosis, Women, Risk Factors INTISARIPendahuluan: Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah penyakit penyebab utama ke-dua kematian di seluruh dunia di antara penyakit menular, membunuh hampir 2 juta orang setiap tahun.Risiko TB pada wanita meningkat selama usia produktif. Berbagai masalah akan muncul jika wanita menderita TB mengingat peran wanita terutama yang sudah menikah, hamil, dan memiliki anak. Perannya sebagai seorang ibu rumah tangga yang harus melaksanakan tugas pengasuhan fisik maupun mental anak-anak sekaligus mengurus suami akan terganggu.Prevalensi TB paru BTA positif di 6 wilayah Puskesmas Kabupaten Cilacap tahun 2012 pada wanita lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada pria. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui peluang status perkawinan, kehamilan,paritas, aktivitas fisik, tingkat pendidikan, tingkat pengetahuan, polusi asap dapur, riwayat kontak serumah, kepadatan hunian, dan luas ventilasi rumah terhadap kejadian TB pada wanita.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalahpenelitian analitik observasional dengan rancangan kasus kontrol.Besar sampel adalah sebanyak 102 orang terdiri dari 51 orang kasus dan 51 orang kontrol.Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik proporsional random sampling.Data dianalisis dengan analisis univariabel, bivariabel, dan multivariabel.Hasil: Hasil uji multivariat, kehamilan (OR 1,2 CI 95% 2,4-23,7 p 0,04), paritas (OR 3,5 CI 95% 1,3-9,7 p 0,01), riwayat kontak (OR 3,8 CI 95% 1,4-10,4 p 0,01) ventilasi (OR 7,5 CI 95% 2,4-23,7 p 0,00) sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya TB pada wanita.Simpulan: Kejadian TB pada wanita di Kabupaten Cilacap berpeluang atau berisiko lebih besar pada wanita yang hamil, paritas tinggi, mempunyai riwayat kontak, dan tinggal di rumah dengan ventilasi yang tidak memenuhi syarat kesehatan. Probabilitas subyek dengan faktor risiko tersebut untuk menderita TB sebesar 99,5%. Kata kunci: tuberkulosis, wanita, faktor risiko

Factors Associated with Tuberculosis Treatment Success Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus - Tuberkulosis (HIV-TB) in H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan Anna Yusria; Ning Rintiswati; Sumardi Sumardi
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2017): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

Introduction: Co-infection of TB/HIV is currently a serious health threat to the world population. Efforts to control tuberculosis and HIV programs still facing obstacles, especially if the two diseases allied, it will be more difficult and challenging for both prevention program. Both TB and HIV have higher burden disease and need to be cope urgently. Adequate treatment of TB in co-infected patients can reduce the high morbidity and mortality of patients, prevent treatment failure and improve the success rate.Objectives: Determine the proportion of successful treatment of TB among HIV-TB patients in H. Adam Malik General Hospital between 2011-2013 and identified the factors that influenced the success of their TB treatment.Methods: A case control study design using medical records of HIV-TB patients in VCT polyclinic of H. Adam Malik General Hospital from 2011-2013.Results: The average success rate of TB treatment among HIV-TB patients in H. Adam Malik General Hospital was 68.56%. Male, age ≤40 years, pulmonary TB, CD4 count <200, anemia, HIV stage 3 and adherence to TB treatment dominated this research, (60,82%, 76,29%, 71,13%, 74,23%, 60,82%, 55,15% and 53,09% respectively). Gender (aOR 3.87 95% CI: 1.21 - 18.31), CD4 101-200 (aOR 5.06 95% CI: 1.06 - 24.04), CD4> 200 (aOR 15, 80 95% CI: 3.18 - 78.64), status of anemia (aOR 2.00 95% CI: 1.22 - 3.26) and adherence to TB treatment (aOR 6.16 95% CI: 2.07 - 18.31) were statistically significant in multivariate analysis. Other factors such as age, classification of TB disease and HIV stage were not significant (p values> 0.05). Conclusion: Female, CD4 cell counts 101-200, CD4 count> 200, status of anemia and adherence to TB treatment determined the successful of TB treatment among HIV-TB patients. Implementation of TB/HIV collaborative program and DOTS strategy in TB treatment increases the success rate of TB treatment among HIV-TB patients at H. Adam Malik General Hospital.Keyword: success, tuberculosis treatment, HIV-TB INTISARIPendahuluan: Ko-infeksi TB/HIV saat ini menjadi ancaman kesehatan serius bagi penduduk dunia. Upaya penanggulangan program TB maupun HIV selama ini masih menghadapi kendala apalagi jika kedua penyakit tersebut bersekutu akan lebih menyulitkan dan menjadi tantangan bagi penanggulangan kedua program. Baik TB maupun HIV, keduanya mempunyai burden disease yang cukup tinggi untuk segera ditangani. Pengobatan TB yang adekuat pada pasien koinfeksi dapat menekan tingginya angka morbiditas dan mortalitas pasien, mencegah kegagalan terapi serta meningkatkan angka keberhasilan.Tujuan: Mengetahui proporsi keberhasilan pengobatan TB pada penderita HIV di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan tahun 2011-2013 serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan pengobatan TB-nya.Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah case control, menggunakan data sekunder Poliklinik VCT Pusyansus RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan 2011-2013.Hasil: Rata-rata keberhasilan pengobatan TB pada penderita HIV di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan tahun 2011-2013 sebesar 68,56%. Jenis kelamin laki-laki, umur ≤40 tahun, lesi TB di paru, jumlah CD4 <200, status anemia, stadium 3 HIV dan keteraturan pengobatan OAT mendominasi penelitian ini, masing-masing sebesar 60,82%, 76,29%, 71,13%, 74,23%, 60,82%, 55,15% dan 53,09%. Variabel jenis kelamin (aOR 3,87 95%CI: 1,21 - 18,31), jumlah CD4 101-200 (aOR 5,06 95%CI: 1,06 - 24,04), CD4 >200 (aOR 15,80 95%CI: 3,18 - 78,64), tidak anemia (aOR 2,00 95%CI: 1,22 - 3,26) dan keteraturan pengobatan TB (aOR 6,16 95%CI: 2,07 - 18,31) berhubungan signifikan dalam analisis multivariat. Faktor lain yaitu umur, klasifikasi penyakit TB dan stadium HIV tidak bermakna (nilai p>0,05).Simpulan: Jenis kelamin perempuan, jumlah CD4 101-200, jumlah CD4 >200, tidak anemia dan teratur menjalani pengobatan OAT menentukan keberhasilan pengobatan TB pada penderita HIV-TB. Implementasi program kolaborasi TB/HIV dan penerapan strategi pengobatan TB dengan DOTS meningkatkan angka keberhasilan pengobatan TB di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan.Kata kunci: keberhasilan, pengobatan tuberkulosis, HIV-TB

A Study of Aedes aegypty Susceptibility Against Cypermetrin at Elementary Schools Yogyakarta Anies Mulyani; Damar Tri Boewono; Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2017): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

Introduction: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Yogyakarta is an endemic area of DHF. One of the efforts of eradicating DHF in Yogyakarta was fogging with cypermethrin insecticide. Cypermethrin had been used since 2008 with a frequency of 1.469 times. However, repeated and prolonged application of chemical insecticide in an ecosystem unity may lead to vector resistance against the particular insecticide. Monitoring and early detection for the vector susceptibility status against insecticide was necessary in potential locations of DHF transmission, such as in elementary school. Detection of vector susceptibility status against insecticide could be conducted with susceptibility test using 0.05% cypermethrin impregnated paper.Objectives: To find out the status of Aedes aegypti susceptibility against cypermethrin insecticide and the relationship between the status of Aedes aegypti susceptibility with the frequency of cypermethrin application.Methods: An analytical observational research was conducted using cross-sectional design. Female Aedes aegypti from mosquito eggs collected at 72 state Elementary Schools in 45 villages in Yogyakarta were evaluated. Detection of Aedes aegypti susceptibility against cypermethrin was conducted using WHO standard method, namely, susceptibility test, which used 0.05% cypermethrin impregnated paper.Results: Aedes aegypti at elementary schools in Yogyakarta had been resistant against 0.05% cypermethrin, with an average mortality of 4.03%. No correlation between Aedes aegypti susceptibility in the elementary schools in Yogyakarta and the frequency of cypermethrin application. This might be attributable to the use of household insecticide and to the resistance history of the test animals.Conclusions: The population of Aedes aegyptiat the State Elementary Schools in Yogyakarta was found to be resistant against 0.05% cypermethrin. No relationship between Aedes aegypti susceptibility status and the frequency of cypermethrin application. Keywords: Aedes aegypti, Cypermethrin, impregnated paper, Susceptibility Test, INTISARI Pendahuluan: Demam Berdarah Dengue adalah penyakit infeksi yang disebarkan oleh nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Kota Yogyakarta merupakan daerah endemis DBD. Salah satu cara penanggulangan DBD di kota Yogyakarta dengan pengasapan menggunakan insektisida sipermetrin. Penggunaan sipermetrin sudah dilakukan sejak tahun 2008 dengan frekuensi aplikasi sebanyak 1469 kali. Aplikasi insektisida kimia dalam waktu lama dan berulang di satuan ekosistem dapat menimbulkan resistensi vector terhadap insektisida yang digunakan. Monitoring dan deteksi dini status kerentanan vector terhadap insektisida di kota Yogyakarta perlu dilakukan di lokasi yang berpotensi sebagai tempat penularan DBD diantaranya di sekolah dasar. Deteksi status kerentanan vector terhadap insektisida dapat dilakukan dengan susceptibility test menggunakan impregnated paper sipermetrin 0.05%.Tujuan: Mengetahui status kerentanan nyamuk Aedes aegypti di Lingkungan SDN di Kota Yogyakarta terhadap insektisida sipermetrin dan mengetahui hubungan status kerentanannya dengan frekuensi aplikasi insektisida sipermetrin.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan crosssectional. Subyek penelitian populasi nyamuk Aedes aegypti dari telur yang berasal dari 72 SDN di 45 kelurahan di Kota Yogyakarta. Deteksi status kerentanan nyamuk Aedes aegypti terhadap insektisida sipermetrin dilakukan dengan metode standar WHO susceptibility test menggunakan impregnated paper sipermetrin 0.05%.Hasil: Hasil uji kerentanan menunjukkan nyamuk Aedes aegypti di lingkungan sekolah dasar di kota Yogyakarta sudah resisten terhadap insektisida sipermetrin 0.05% dengan angka kematian nyamuk rata-rata 4.03%. Tidak ada korelasi antara status kerentanan nyamuk Aedes aegypti dengan frekuensi aplikasi insektisida sipermetrin. Hal ini bisa disebabkan karena penggunaan insektisida rumah tangga yang digunakan oleh masyarakat dan karena adanya riwayat resistensi dari nyamuk uji.Simpulan: Populasi nyamuk Aedes aegypti di lingkungan Sekolah Dasar Negeri di Kota Yogyakarta sudah resisten terhadap insektisida Sipermetrin 0.05%. Tidak ada hubungan status kerentanan nyamuk Aedes aegypti di lingkungan sekolah dasar negeri di Kota Yogyakarta dengan frekuensi aplikasi insektisida sipermetrin. Kata kunci: Aedes aegypti, Insektisida Sipermetrin, impregnated paper, Uji kerentanan, Sekolah Dasar

The Comparison of The Clinical Symptoms of Thypoid Fever in Adult Patients (Tubex vs Widal) in Banda Aceh, Aceh Province, Indonesia Kurnia Fitri Jamil
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2017): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

Introduction: Salmonella typhi bacteria infects humans through food or water contaminated by feces or urine of the patients or asymptomatic career of typhoid fever. Currently the Tubex and Widal test are the standard test to establish a definitive diagnosis for typhoid fever in Aceh. Unfortunatelly little known the differences of the sensitivity and specificity of those two diagnostic tests in the relation to clinical symptoms in adult patients with typhoid fever in dr. Zainoel Abidin General Hospital (RSU.DZA) Banda Aceh. Objectives: To determine the differences in sensitivity and specificity between Tubex and Widal test in adult patients with typhoid fever and its relation to clinical symptoms in RSU.DZA. Methods: We condacted an descriptive analytic with a cross-sectional design. The subjects were 75 patients aged over 18 years. Data collected from the medical records (MR) since January to December 2013. Inclusion creteria were fever (>380C) between 5-21 days, or suspected typhoid fever, and diagnosed when admitted to hospital. All the patients were test with both diagnostic tools (Tubex and Widal).Results: Overall, from 75 sampels were tested. Most of the samples ages between 19-28 years old (45%) with male 69%. The sensitivity and specificity of the Tubex test was 84.21 % and 69.64 % respectively. 48.48 % positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV)were 92.86 %. Fever was found in the whole subject of the research and became the main symptom of the patients when admitted to hospital, followed by headache, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and chills.Conclution: No differences of the Tubex and Widal test related to clinical symptoms and fever (>380C) was dominant funded. Keywords: Salmonella typhi, comparison, Tubex test, Widal test, RSU.DZA, Banda Aceh. INTISASRIPendahuluan: Penyakit infeksi Salmonella thyposa dapat ditularkan dari makanan dan air yang terkontaminasi dari faeses dan urine pasien yang terinfeksi Thypoid namun tidak menunjukkan gejala klinis. Saat ini penentuan diagnosis pada pasien thypoid menggunakan uji widal dan Tubex. Perbedaan nilai sensitifitas dan spesifisitas dari alat uji yang digunakan di Rumah Sakit Umum Dr. Zainoel Abidin (RSU. DZA) dalam menentukan diagnosis thypoid yang dihubungkan dengan gejala klinis pada pasien dewasa penting untuk dilakukan. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian membandingkan nilai sensitifitas dan spesifisitas antara dua alat uji demam thypoid (Tubex vs Widal) yang dihubungkan dengan gejala klinis di RSU. DZA. Banda Aceh. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik dengan desain cross-sectional. Total sebanyak 75 pasien terlibat sebagai responden penelitian berdasarkan data medical record (MR) dari 01 januari-31 desember 2013. Pemilihan sampel berdasarkan usia lebih 18 tahun, adanya riwayat demam 5-21 hari, dan terdiagnosa suspek demam thypoid. Hasil: Nilai sensitivity dan spesifisitas dari alat uji Tubex= 84.21% dan 69.64%, dengan nilai positive predictive value 48.48% dan nilai negative predictive value= 92.86%. Simpulan: Tidak ada perbedaan pada nilai sensitivitas dan spesifisitas dari kedua alat uji (Tubex vs Widal test) berdasarkan gejala klinis. Demam, nyeri kepala dan mual muntah merupakan gejala klinisa terbesar ditemukan. Kata kunci: Salmonella thyposa, perbandingan, tubex test, widal test, RSU.DZA, Banda Aceh.

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Contact Name
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Contact Email
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Journal Mail Official
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Location
Kab. sleman,

Daerah istimewa yogyakarta

INDONESIA