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Larval Density of Aedes spp. in Residential Areas of Singkil District, Manado City, Indonesia Angle Maria Hasthee Sorisi; Victor D Pijoh
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2017): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

Introduction: Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is one of the infectious diseases transmitted by Aedes sp. mosquitoes, and it remains a serious problem these days. Report from the Health Department of Manado city revealed that the Singkil District is an endemic area of DHF. Singkil District is one of the Districts of Manado City, which has nine sub-districts. According to the data from Manado City’s Health Department, in Singkil District, there were 43 cases of DHF in 2013, 57 cases in 2014, and 13 cases in 2015. The data of the vector’s larval density is needed for the prevention and control of DHF.Objectives: This study’s aim is to investigate the larval density of Aedes sp in Singkil District, Manado City, North Sulawesi.Methods: This is a descriptive survey study. Study samples were Aedes sp. mosquito larvae in the residential areas in Singkil District. Secondary data of DHF cases in Singkil District and then a survey of larval density was conducted (HI, CI, BI, LFI).Results: Based on the survey of 100 houses, the House Index (HI) was 43%, the Container index (CI) was 20%, the Breteau index was 50, and the Larva Free Index was 57 %.Conclusion: According to these findings, the Density Figure (DF) from table 1 is 6, which shows that the density of larva in Singkil District was high.Keywords: DHF, larval density, Aedes sp. INTISARIPendahuluan: Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan salah satu penyakit menular yang ditularkan vektor nyamuk Aedes sp. yang sampai saat ini masih merupakan masalah kesehatan yang serius. Laporan Dinas Kesehatan Kota Manado, kecamatan Singkil termasuk daerah endemis DBD. Kecamatan Singkil adalah salah satu kecamatan di Kota Manado yang terdiri dari 9 kelurahan. Menurut data Dinas Kesehatan kota Manado, pada tahun 2013 ditemukan 43 kasus DBD, tahun 2014 ditemukan 57 kasus DBD, dan tahun 2015 ditemukan 13 kasus DBD. Pengetahuan tentang kepadatan vektor nyamuk Aedes sp. diperlukan sebagai upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan DBD.Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui kepadatan jentik nyamuk Aedes spp. di Kecamatan Singkil Kota Manado, Sulawesi Utara.Metode: Jenis penelitian survey deskriptif. Sampel penelitian adalah jentik nyamuk Aedes sp yang ada di lingkungan pemukiman di Kecamatan Singkil. Data sekunder penderita DBD Kecamatan Singkil setempat Tahun 2016 dan selanjutnya dilakukan survey kepadatan jentik nyamuk(HI, CI,BI,ABJ).Hasil: Dari hasil survey terhadap 100 rumah, di dapat nilai House Index (HI) sebesar 43%, Container index (CI) 20%, Breteau index 50, Angka bebas jentik (ABJ) 57 %.Simpulan: Sehingga dari nilai-nilai tersebut didapatkan nilai Kepadatan populasi jentik nyamuk atau Density Figure (DF) dari tabel 1 adalah 6 yang menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan jentik nyamuk di kecamatan Singkil termasuk kepadatan tinggi.Kata kunci : DBD, kepadatan jentik Aedes sp.

The Importance of Community Coalition to Prevent Dengue Fever: An Ethnographic Study in Sidoluhur Village, Sleman District, Yogyakarta Special Region Muhammad Sohel Rana; Fatwa Sari Tetra Dewi; Retna Siwi Padmawati
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2017): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

Intrduction: Dengue fever is an emerging pandemic-prone viral disease in many parts of the world also in Indonesia. Java Island contributed about 71% of all cases occurring in the country. Sleman District represented nearly 30% of total infections in Yogyakarta Province. Godean sub-district contributes 89 cases in 2013 and most of them were come from Sidoluhur village. Instead of community activities Dengue cases are increasing every year. Vector control is one way to control it. This research was tried to explore how community coalition can prevent Dengue fever cases and how Dengue vector can be controlled by engaging community. Methods: This research was used ethnographic study. For collecting data in-depth interview and participatory observation was conduct. Collecting data and analysis data was done simultaneously.Results: Community in Sidoluhur village aware that Dengue fever is a serious health problem. With local knowledge, believes, customs, practice and attitudes community people are most influenced group. After getting fever people try to apply their own knowledge for prevention. Most of them do not know the reason of Dengue spread, how it breed, where it breed also how to control. Practices of Dengue prevention like Friday cleaning movement, mosquito eradication flick and child health task force are good programs but absent of continuity so Dengue cases are increasing. Cultural and medical health seeking behaviors were seen among the people. For building coalition capacity sharing information is also immobile.Conclusion: Dengue fever is still remaining a strong factor that influences public health care in Sidoluhur village. To control Dengue fever capacity building, policy implementation based on community, networking among stakeholders, blending the cultural and medical knowledge of Dengue and overall comprehensive Dengue control approaches need to be developed. Keywords: Dengue fever, community coalitions, social capital, working group.ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Demam Dengue adalah penyakit viral yang berpotensi menimbulkan pandemik di seluruh dunia termasuk Indonesia. Pulau Jawa menyumbang sekitar 70% dari seluruh kasus di Indonesia. Kabupaten Sleman menyumbang hampir 30% total infeksi di Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Kecamatan Godean menyumbang 89 kasus di tahun 2013 yang sebagian besar berasal dari desa Sidoluhur. Meskipun berbagai kegiatan pencegahan sudah dilakukan oleh masyarakat, kasus demam Dengue terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Pengendalian vektor nyamuk merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang dilakukan untuk mencegah demam Dengue. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana koalisi masyarakat di desa Sidoluhur dapat mencegah kasus demam Dengue dan bagaimana vektor Dengue dapat dikendalikan dengan melibatkan masyarakat.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan Studi Etnografi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam (in-depth interview) dan pengamatan partisipatif. Data dianalisis dan disajikan secara deskriptif.Hasil: Masyarakat desa Sidoluhur menyadari kalau Demam Dengue merupakan masalah kesehatan yang serius. Tetapi, dengan pengetahuan lokal, kepercayaan, kebiasaan, praktik dan sikap yang dimiliki, masyarakat awam meruapakan kelompok yang rentan untuk terjangkit demam Dengue. Apabila terkena serangan demam, masyarakat akan mecoba menerapkan pengetahuan yang dimiliki untuk mengobati demam dan mencegah perkembangan penyakit. Sebagian besar masyarakat tidak tahu bagaimana cara penyebaran Dengue, bagaimana dan di mana nyamuk berkembang biak dan bagaimana cara mengendalikan perkembangbiakan nyamuk tersebut. Praktik-praktik pencegahan demam Dengue seperti Gerakan Jumat Sehat, Pemberantasan Jentik Nyamuk dan satuan Tugas Kader Kesehatan Cilik merupakan program yang bagus tetapi tidak dilaksanakan secara kontinu sehingga kasus demam Dengue terus meningkat. Budaya dan kesadaran masyarakat untuk mencari pertolongan medis sudah cukup baik. Pengembangan kapasitas koalisi masyarakat perlu ditingkatkan karena kurangnya sharing informasi dalam masyarakat.Simpulan: Demam Dengue merupakan faktor kuat dalam menentukan pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat di desa Sidoluhur. Untuk mengendalikan kasus demam Dengue, pembangunan kapasitas, implementasi kebijakan berdasarkan kondisi masyarakat, kerjasama antar stakeholder, menyelaraskan budaya dan pengetahuan medis tentang Dengue dan pengendalian Dengue dengan pendekatan komprehensif perlu untuk dikembangkan.Kata kunci: demam Dengue, koalisi masyarakat, modal sosial, kelompok kerja.

Risk Factors of Lymphatic Filariasis in Manokwari, West Papua Yehud Maryen; Hari Kusnanto; Citra Indriani
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2017): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

Introduction: Lymphatic filariasis is parasitic disease caused by three worm species, Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, and Wuchereria bancrofti. The prevalence of lymphatic filariasis in Indonesia is still high with microfilaria rate 3.1%. The highest rate is found in Papua, Aceh, Maluku, and NTT with the range from 6.9% to 11.6 % in 2001. Microfilaria rate is documented 7.3% in Manokwari Regency. However, the risk factors associated with lymphatic filariasis there is still unclear.Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the risk factors associated with lymphatic filariasis in Manokwari Regency, West PapuaMethods: This study was observational analytic study, with case control design. One hundred forty four persons were enrolled in this study, 72 persons as case group and 72 persons as control group. The risk factors data were collected by direct interview analyzed by bivariate and multivariate analysis.Results: Living near swamp [OR (95%CI), 5.8 (2.3-14.2); p < 0.001], low income [OR (95%CI), 4.8 (1.8-12.9); p = 0.002), low level of knowledge [OR (95%CI), 3.4(1.4-8.6); p = 0,009], not using mosquito bed net [OR (95%CI), 4.6(2.0-10.8); p < 0.001], and minimal clothing [OR (95%CI), 4.1(1.8-9.8); p = 0,001], were associated with lymphatic filariasis in Manokwari Regency.Conclusion: Risk of factor lymphatic filariasis Manokwari Regency, West Papua Province, are living near swamp, low income, low level of knowledge, not using mosquito bed net, and minimal clothing. Keywords: Risk factor, filariasis, Manokwari, West Papua INTISARIPendahuluan: Filariasis limfatik adalah penyakit parasitik yang disebabkan oleh tiga spesies cacing, yaitu Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, dan Wuchereria bancrofti. Prevalensi filariasis limfatik di Indonesia tergolong tinggi dengan angka mikrofilaria sebesar 3,1%. Angka tertinggi dijumpai di Papua, Aceh, Maluku, dan NTT dengan rentang antara 6,9% sampai 11,6 % pada tahun 2001. Angka mikrofilaria sebesar 7,3% dilaporkan di Kabupaten Manokwari. Namun, faktor-faktor risiko yang berkaitan dengan kejadian filariasis limfatik di sana masih belum jelas.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor risiko yang berkaitan dengan kejadian filariasis limfatik di Kabupaten Manokwari, Propinsi Papua Barat.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik obeservasional dengan rangcangan kasus control. Seratus empat puluh empat orang diikutkan dalam penelitian ini, terbagi atas 72 orang dalam kelompok kasus, dan 72 orang dalam kelompok control. Data faktor risiko diperoleh dengan wawancara langsung dan diolah dengan analisis bivariat dan multivariate.Hasil: Hidup dekat rawa [OR (95%CI), 5.8 (2.3-14.2); p < 0.001], pendapatan rendah [OR (95%CI), 4.8 (1.8-12.9); p = 0.002), tingkat pengetahuan rendah [OR (95%CI), 3.4(1.4-8.6); p = 0,009], tidak menggunakan kelambu [OR (95%CI), 4.6(2.0-10.8); p < 0.001], dan memakai pakaian terbuka [OR (95%CI), 4.1(1.8-9.8); p = 0,001], berkaitan dengan filariasis limfatik di Kabupaten Manokwari.Simpulan: Faktor-faktor risiko filariasis limfatik di Kabupaten Manokwari, Propinsi Papua Barat, adalah hidup dekat rawa, pendapatan rendah, tingkat pengetahuan rendah, tidak menggunakan kelambu, dan memakai pakaian terbuka. Kata kunci: Faktor risiko, filariasis, Manokwari, Papua Barat

The Red Fruit (Pandanus Conoideus Lam) Ethanol Extract Decreased the Nitric Oxide (NO) Levels of Plasmodium Berghei Infected Swiss Mice Malaria Model but not the Interferon Gamma (IFN-γ) Mujur Mujur; Demianus Tafor; Widya Wasityastuti; Achmad Djunaidi; Eti Sholikhah Nurwening
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 3, No 1 (2013): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/tmj.60593

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The immunity against malaria infection was very complex, involving humoral immunity and cellular immunity. One of the methods to improve body immune response was using antioxidant. Red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam) containing carotenoid and tocopherol that have antioxidants effects increase phagocytosis activity of macrophage and proliferation activity of lymphocyte as immune response againts parasite infection.Objectives: This study was intended to know the effect of red fruit (P. conoideus Lam) ethanol extract on IFN-γ and nitric oxide (NO) levels in Plasmodium berghei infected Swiss mice malaria model.Methods: This quasi experimental study used post test only control group design. Sixty eight-week aged male Swiss mice were devided into 6 groups. Group I was not given red fruit ethanol extracts neither infected by P.berghei, group II was given 260mg/kg/day of red fruit ethanol extracts, and it was not infected by P.berghei, groups III, IV and V were given red fruit ethanol extracts at 130, 260 and 520mg/kg/day respectively and infected by P.berghei. Group VI was not given the extract, however it was infected by P.berghei as control group. The red fruit ethanol extracts or the carrier was given for 28 days and the mice were infected by P.berghei in the beginning of week 3. On the day 3 and 9 after infection, 2 mL blood was taken from 3 mice of each group for serum isolation.Results: There was not any significant difference (p>0.05) mean of IFN-γ levels in all groups neither on day 3 nor day 9 after infection. The nitric oxide levels mean of mice group which have received red fruit extracts at 130 and 260mg/kg/day on the day 9 and in mice group which have received red fruit extracts 260mg/kg/day on day 3 were lower than they were in control group without any extract (group VI). However, the nitric oxide levels mean of mice group which have received 520mg/kg/day did not show any significant difference (p>0.05) compared with control group.Conclusion: The red fruit (P. conoideus Lam) ethanol extract did not show any significant effect on the IFN-γ levels, however at doses of 130 and 260mg/kg/day it decreased the nitric oxide level of P. berghei infected Swiss mice malaria model significantly. Keywords: Pandanus conoideus Lam, Interferon gamma (INF-γ), Nitric oxide (NO), Plasmodium berghei, and Malaria ModelKeywordsPandanus conoideus Lam, Interferon gamma (INF-γ), Nitric oxide (NO), Plasmodium berghei, and Malaria Model

The New Endemic Area of Schistosoma japonicum in Bada Highland Western Lore Subdistrict, District of Poso, Central Sulawesi Province Sugiarto -; Soeyoko -; Sri Sumarni
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 1, No 1 (2011): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/tmj.4562

Introduction: A new endemic area of schistosomiasis was discovered in Bada highland in 2008. Its prevalence in humans in the same year was 0.8%, and so far there is no studies about prevalence and characteristics of focus and human behavior related to the transmission of schistosomiasis in that area have been conducted.Objectives: To identify the prevalence of the disease caused by Schistosoma japonicum in humans, rats, and infection rate in snails. This study also described characteristics and human behaviors related to these characteristics and the history of visits to the endemic areas of Napu/Lindu.Methods: This study was a cross sectional survey. The prevalence of schistosomiasis in humans was identifi ed through stool examination by Kato Katz method. The prevalence in mice was estimated throughexaminations in dissected mice, and the identifi cation of cercariae in snails was done with crushing methods. Behavioral data were collected using questionnaires and focus characteristics were documented throughobservations. This research was part of the comprehensive study on schistosomiasis in Bada highland by Research and Development Center for Eradication of Disease of Animal Origin, Donggala.Results: The prevalence rate of schistosomiasis in humans was 5.93%, in rats 0% and in snails 1%. Types of focus were springs, ponds, irrigation channels, especially those with debris such as grasses, leaves, sticks dropped on the water. Prevalence rate in human was related to bathing in the river (p=0,00), entering the focus without protective shoes (p=0.034), defecation on the river (p=0,016). History of visit to endemicarea of Napu/Lindu was not associated with infection in human (p=0.344) and washing in the river was not associated also with human schistosomiasis (p= 0.521).Conclusion: The transmission of Schistosoma japonicum in a new endemic area of Bada highland is occurring and related to bathing, defecation in the river, and visit to the endemic focus without protectiveshoes.Keywords: Schistosoma japonicum, Bada highland, focus, transmission, Oncomelania

The Profile of Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients Widya Wasityastuti; Yanri W Subronto; Marsetyawan HNE Soesatyo
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 1, No 1 (2011): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/tmj.4563

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and becomes the main health problems in the world and in Indonesia, as well. The microorganism itself is an intracellular pathogen. The control of tuberculosis infection depends on cell-mediated immunity involving activated macrophages, T cells, and cytokines. The balance and dynamic changes between Th1 cytokine and Th2 cytokine refl ect the immune response of host and infl uence the clinical manifestation of the disease.Objectives: This research was designed to study the profi le and interaction of IFN-γ (Th1 cytokine) and IL-10 (Th2 cytokine) of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients in endemic area.Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 23 pulmonary TB patients and 16 healthy persons was cultured and stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) to investigate the ability to secrete IFN-γ and IL-10.Result: The result showed that there was a decreased of IFN-γ response to PHA in PTB patients, suggesting the defi ciency of general immune capacity in PTB. In contrast, IFN-γ secreted by specifi c antigen was higher in PTB patients which minimal lung lesion was higher than moderate-far advanced. It is related to IFN-γ roles as immunomodulator in cellular immunity and immunoprotectant through stimulated antimicrobial capacity in macrophage. In fact, IL-10 response to PHA and M.tuberculosis antigen in PTB patients was lower than that of in healthy persons; moderate-far advanced lung lesion was the lowest. It was probably refl ecting their poor general conditions. Paired distribution between IFN-γ and IL-10 pointed out the leaning of negative interaction. It refl ected the existence of counterpart/cross regulation between IFN-γ(Th1 cytokine) and IL-10 (Th2 cytokine).Conclusion: In conclusion that specifi c immune response of PTB is related to the degree of lung lesion. This study also provides the balance of Th1 cytokine and Th2 cytokine in relation to TB.Key words: tuberculosis, immune response, IFN-γ, IL-10, lung lesion

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Intestinal Protozoan Infection in HIV/AIDS Patients in Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta Ershandi Resnhaleksmana; Elizabeth Sutarti; Mahardika Agus Wijayanti
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 1, No 1 (2011): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/tmj.4564

Introduction: Intestinal protozoa is one of the etiology of gastroenteritis in developing countries. The risk of intestinal protozoan infection increases among HIV/AIDS patients. HIV/AIDS patients with CD4+ T cell < 200 cells/μL are easily infected by intestinal protozoa causing broad clinical symptoms including diarrhea and even death. However, it can be prevented by understanding various risk factors which have role in thepathogenesis of intestinal protozoan infection.Objectives: To study the prevalence and risk factors which aff ect intestinal protozoan infection among HIV/AIDS patients in RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta.Methods: Data from 32 HIV/AIDS patients in RSUP Dr Sardjito Yogyakarta in December 2009-March 2010 were obtained by questionnaires, medical records, and macroscopic-microscopic examination of fecal samples with phormol-eter method and acid-fast staining. Data was analysed using Chi square test and multivariate analysis. A p value less than 0.05 is considered as a signifi cantly diff erent.Results: Prevalence of intestinal protozoan infection in HIV/AIDS patients in RSUP Dr Sardjito Yogyakarta was 81.2%. Intestinal protozoa found in fecal examination were Cryptosporidium sp. (60.98%), Microsporidiumsp. (19.51%), Entamoeba histolytica (9.76%), Cyclospora cayetanensis (4.88%), Blastocystis hominis (2.44%), and Giardia lamblia (2.44%) (n = 26). Bivariate analysis showed that in female HIV/AIDS patients with clinical stadium 1 and 2, CD4+ T cell ≥ 200 cells/μL, had lower risk to be infected by intestinal protozoa (RR = 0.600, 0.065, and 0.026, respectively). Intestinal protozoa were easily found in feces of HIV/AIDS patients with diarrheal symptom. In multivariate analysis, clinical stadium was the most signifi cant factor (Exp(β) = 18.85).Conclusion: Prevalence of intestinal protozoan infection in HIV/AIDS patients in RSUP Dr Sardjito Yogyakarta in December 2009-March 2010 was 81.2%. Clinical stadium with moderate and severe symptoms was the most dominant risk factor for intestinal protozoan infection in HIV/AIDS patients.Keywords: risk factor, intestinal protozoa, CD4+ T cell - HIV/AIDS patient

Head Lice Infestation and Its Relationship with Hygiene and Knowledge among Urban School Children in Yogyakarta Anastasia Joyce Lim Yit Zhen; E. Elsa Herdiana Murhandarwati; Sitti Rahmah Umniyati
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 1, No 1 (2011): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/tmj.4565

Introduction: Pediculosis capitis is a common infestation in school children and is a worldwide public health concern. Despite this worldwide spread, incidence studies remain few. There is also a misconceptionthat head lice infestation is rarely found in the urban environment.Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the proportion of head lice infestation among urban school children in Yogyakarta and study its relationship with hygiene and knowledge.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted upon 2 schools in Yogyakarta on 154 pupils. Children range from ages 9 to 13 years. Data was collected from the schools by trained persons. A detailed questionnaire was fi lled for each pupil prior to hair examination.Results: In this research, we report the proportion of head lice infestation among urban school children in Yogyakarta and assess its risk factors. Nineteen pupils (12.3%) were infected with head lice, 5 boys(6.3%) and 14 girls (18.7%). There was a signifi cant relationship between head lice infestation and sex (P<0.05). However, no signifi cant relationship was found between head lice infestation with hygiene andknowledgeConclusion: The results show a total proportion of 12.3% among urban school children in Yogyakarta.Keywords: pediculosis capitis, urban, hygiene, knowledge, school children.

Variations in Dilution of DSSE 10 Antibody in Immunocytochemistry Technique to Detect Dengue-3 Virus in Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Dyah Widiastuti; Sitti Rahmah Umniyati
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 1, No 1 (2011): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/tmj.4566

Introduction: Dengue viruses, globally the most prevalent arboviruses, are transmitted to humans by persistently infected Aedes mosquitoes. The most important vector of Dengue virus is the mosquito Ae. aegypti, which should be the main target of surveillance and control activities. Virologic surveillance for Dengue viruses in its vector has been used as an early warning system to predict outbreaks. Detection of Dengue virus antigen in mosquito head squash using immunocytochemical streptavidin biotin peroxidase complex (SBPC) assay is an alternative method for Dengue vector surveillance.Objectives: The study was aimed to compare several variations of MAb DDSE10 dilutions used in immunocytochemical SBPC assay to detect Dengue virus infection in head squash of Ae. aegypti.Methods: The study design was experimental. Artifi cially-infected adult Ae. aegypti mosquitoes of DENV 3 were used as infectious samples and uninfected adult Ae. aegypti mosquitoes were used as normal ones. The immunocytochemical SBPC assay using monoclonal antibody DSSE10 with 4 variations of dilution (1:5, 1:10, 1:20, and 1:50) was applied on mosquito head squash to detect Dengue virus antigen. The results were analyzed descriptively.Results: All variants of MAb DSSE10 dilutions in immunocytochemical SBPC assay showed positive imunoreaction in infected mosquito head squash. All variants of MAb DSSE10 dilutions in immunocytochemicalSBPC assay showed negative immunoreaction in uninfected mosquito head squash.Conclusion: Monoclonal antibody DSSE10 could be used in immunochemistry technique to detect Dengue-3 virus antigen in Aedes aegypti infected intrathoracally, with 1:50 dilution.Keywords: Aedes aegypti, Dengue virus, Immunocytochemical, SPBC, Monoclonal Antibody DSSE-10

Study on Chloroquine Resistance Transporter (pfcrt) Gene Polymorphism of Plasmodium falciparum in Malaria Patients in Lampung Marlina Kamelia; Supargiyono -; Mahardika Agus Wijayanti
Tropical Medicine Journal Vol 1, No 1 (2011): Tropical Medicine Journal
Publisher : Pusat Kedokteran Tropis

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/tmj.4567

Introduction: The prevalence of malaria in Lampung Province was increased in the last few years. One of the factors contributes to the increased rate is the widespread of the Plasmodium falciparum resistance to antimalarial drugs. Mutation on the gene encoding Pfcrt protein has been reported to be correlated with this resistance.Objectives: To fi nd out the frequency and distribution of the pfcrt gene polymorphism among Plasmodium falciparum in malaria patients in endemic area at Bandar Lampung and Lampung Selatan, LampungProvince.Methods: Blood samples were collected from malaria falciparum patients in Bandar Lampung and Lampung Selatan by active and passive case detections. Two to three mL of venous blood were collected in tubes with EDTA, and kept in the temperature of -200C before DNA extraction. DNA from each sample was extracted using Guanidine isothiocyanate and Chelex 100 methods. Genes encoding Pfcrt protein were amplifi ed by Nested PCR using TCRP and TCRD primers. The polymorphism of the pfcrt gene was identified by cutting the PCR product using Apo1 restriction enzymes to produce 100bp and 34bp fragments.Results: Forty six samples from P. falciparum-infected patients were collected from the two areas. The genes encoding the Pfcrt protein were succesfully amplifi ed, all 46 PCR products showed 100bp and 34bpfragments after incubation with Apo1 restriction enzyme. It indicated that pfcrt polymorphism was 100%.Conclusion: The frequency of pfcrt gene polymorphisms in patients with malaria falciparum in Bandar Lampung and Lampung Selatan was 100%.Keywords: malaria falciparum, pfcrt, chloroquine, polymorphism

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