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Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan

jtkl
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Published by Politeknik Negeri Malang

ISSN : 25798537 EISSN : 25799746 DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jtkl

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology

JTKL editors welcome manuscripts in the form of research articles, literature review, or case reports that have not been accepted for publication or even published in other scientific journals. Articles published in cover key areas in the development of chemical and environmental engineering sciences, such as: Energy Waste treatment Unit operation Thermodynamic Process simulation Development and application of new material Chemical engineering reaction Biochemical Biomass Corrosion technology The "JURNAL TEKNIK KIMIA DAN LINGKUNGAN" journal is a peer-reviewed Open Access scientiﬁc journal published by Politeknik Negeri Malang. This journal ﬁrst appeared in October 2017. The main purpose of the journal was to support publication of the results of scientiﬁc and research activities in the field of Chemical and Environmental Engineering. It is published twice a year in April and October.

Arjuna Subject : Teknik Kimia (semua kategori) - Kimia Proses dan Teknologi

Articles 133 Documents

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Pengaruh Gelombang Ultrasonik pada Pembuatan Sabun Transparan dari Minyak Kelapa (Cocos nucifera) dan Minyak Ayam (Gallus domesticus) Aman Santoso; Rohman Fantusi; Siti Marfu’ah; Sumari Sumari
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 5 No. 1 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Transparent soap is synthesized from vegetable oils with alkaline bases through the saponification reaction with the addition of a transparent agent. The different material characteristics of coconut oil (Cocos nucifera) and chicken oil (Gallus domesticus) have the potential to produce unique transparent soap. Ultrasonic wave cavitation homogenizes the mixture and accelerates the reaction rate. The purpose of this research is to synthesize transparent soap from coconut oil and chicken oil and compared the soap produced using ultrasonic waves and with soap from the heating method. This experimental laboratory research was carried out with the stages of preparation and characterization of coconut oil and chicken oil, followed by saponification of coconut oil and chicken oil accompanied by ultrasonic waves. Characterization of the synthesized transparent soap. The results in this study indicate that soaps made from coconut oil are more transparent than those made from chicken oil, and soaps made with ultrasonic waves are more transparent than those made by normal heating. The ultrasonic transparent soap character of coconut oil has a moisture content of 22.02%, the non-saponified fraction 1.01%, insoluble part of alcohol by 1.79%, free alkaline by 0.04%, pH 9.35, and this is in accordance with SNI for soap except for its water content. Meanwhile, ultrasonic soap from chicken oil has a moisture content of 23.26%, non-saponified fraction 5.57%, the insoluble portion of alcohol was 4.69%, free alkaline 0.12%, pH 9.60, this is not in accordance with SNI soap. The soap produced by the ultrasonic method with coconut oil has the best character and has the most compatibility with SNI for solid soap.

Perbandingan Karakteristik Plastik Biodegradable dari Biji Durian menggunakan Filler Kalsium Silikat dan Kalsium Karbonat S. Sigit Udjiana; Sigit Hadiantoro; Noor Isnaini Azkiya
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 5 No. 1 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

In this study, durian seeds were used as a source of starch in making biodegradable plastics. This study aims to determine the effect of the type and amount of filler on biodegradable properties, mechanical properties, and water absorption properties of biodegradable plastics based on durian fruit starch. The plasticizer used in this study was sorbitol 40%, while the filler used was Calcium silicate (Ca2SiO4) and Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) with variable concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%. From the research results, the% yield of durian seed starch was 34.57%. The results of the best biodegradable plastic with the characteristics of transparent, no bubbles, flexible and smooth surface were obtained with the addition of 4% calcium carbonate filler variables. The bio-degradation test results closest to the ASTM D6400 standard were obtained in the 2% calcium carbonate variable. In the water absorption test, the best results were achieved at the 8% calcium silicate variable. The best tensile test results were obtained in the 6% calcium silicate variable.

Pengaruh Jenis Komposter dan Waktu Pengomposan terhadap Pembuatan Pupuk Kompos dari Activated Sludge Limbah Industri Bioetanol Wianthi Septia Witasari; Khalimatus Sa'diyah; Mohammad Hidayatulloh
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 5 No. 1 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Side product of the waste water treatment plant in the bioethanol industry produces solid waste in the form of activated sludge.This waste can cause problems if not handled properly. Among them are reducing the nutrient content in the soil and polluting clean water sources when they enter river bodies. Activated sludge waste from the anaerobic biodigester process in the bioethanol industry can be used as organic fertilizer by composting. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of composter design and composting time in making compost from activated sludge of bioethanol industrial waste on the content of compost produced. In composting process used an EM4 as bioactivator. The composter design used is an aerated composter and a non-aerated composter. The composting time used is blank, week 1, week 2, week 3 and week 4. From the analysis, it was found that the physical characteristics of compost were temperature, pH, humidity, C organic, total N, total P, total K, and theC / N ratio according to SNI 19-7030-2004. The use of aerated and non aerated design composters produces quality compost that meets SNI 19-7030-2004. The longer composting time will provide better quality compost.

Struvite Crystallization for Ammonium Removal from Cow Urine with Bulkhead Reactor Luluk Edahwati; Sutiyono; Fauziah Hilda Alvira; Rizqi Rendri Anggriawan
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 5 No. 1 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

The presence of ammonium content in cow urine waste damages the aquatic ecosystem due to its toxicity. Ammonium content can be reduced by removing it through struvite crystallization. In this study, struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) was formed from the reaction of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate compounds using a bulkhead reactor. The rate of air moving the solution in the reactor causes ammonium to react with reactants to form struvite. This research was conducted with M : A : P (magnesium ammonium phosphate) molar ratio solution is 3 : 1 : 1 and 0,4 L/min air flow rate with MAP flow rate variation of 8,8; 11; 14,67; 22; 44 ml/min and a temperature variation of 25, 35, 45, 55, 65 ̊C to decrease ammonium content. The faster the MAP flow rate, thelower the ammonium removal efficiency. The efficiency of ammonium removal will increase with increasing temperature. The best results obtained in this study were ammonium removal in the waste of 77.97%. The result of x-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) is the crystals tested was a struvite with elongated or rod shape. EDAX analysis gave the percentage of components in struvite, namely 14.28% Mg, 10.68% N, and 18.19% P.

Prediksi Solubilitas (Absorpsi) Gas CO2 dalam Larutan Potasium Karbonat (K2CO3) dan MDEA Menggunakan Simulasi ASPEN Yuni Kurniati; Lailatul Qomariyah
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 2 No. 1 (2018): April 2018
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Gas karbon dioksida (CO2) merupakan gas asam (acid gas), karena sifatnya yang asam. Karena sifat asamnya ini, CO2 tergolong gas impurities yang sangat merugikan. Kecenderungan proses removal gas CO2 dari gas proses yang banyak diaplikasikan di industri kimia adalah absorpsi CO2 dalam larutan yang disertai reaksi kimia dengan menggunakan pelarut potasium karbonat (K2CO3) dengan penambahan amine sebagai promotor. Salah satu amine yang umum digunakan dalam industri kimia yaitu MDEA, dimana dikenal dengan proses Benfield. Data kesetimbangan fase uap-cair sistem CO2-K2CO3-MDEA-H2O dibutuhkan untuk perancangan yang rasional dan operasi yang optimal dari unit CO2 removal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memprediksi data solubilitas gas CO2 di dalam larutan potasium karbonat dengan promotor MDEA pada tekanan 1 atm serta komposisi K2CO3- MDEA yaitu 30% massa K2CO3–2% massa MDEA pada temperatur 30, 50 dan 70oC dengan menggunakan model elektrolit-NRTL. Perhitungan ini menggunakan program ASPEN PLUS V7.3, kemudian selanjutnya digunakan untuk membandingkan hasilnya dengan penelitian terdahulu secara eksperimen dan simulasi menggunakan MATLAB. Hasil prediksi dibandingkan dengan data eksperimen dengan ARD tekanan parsial CO2 22,5%. Pada penelitian ini, kenaikan CO2 loading pada rentang 0,0117-0,0187 menyebabkan kenaikan kelarutan CO2 dan tekanan parsial CO2 sebesar 2-3%. Selain itu, dengan adanya kenaikan temperatur dari 30- 70°C menyebabkan kenaikan tekanan parsial CO2 sebesar 2-3% Carbon dioxide gas (CO2) is an acid gas, because of its acidic nature. CO2 is classified as a very harmful impurities gas. The tendency of CO2 removal process from process gas which is widely applied in chemical industry is chemical absorption using K2CO3 as solvent and amine as promoter. One of the amines that can be used is MDEA, which is known as Benfield process. The vapor-liquid phase data of the CO2-K2CO3-MDEA- H2O system are required for the rational design and optimal operation of the CO2 removal unit. This study aimed to predict solubility data of CO2 gas in potassium carbonate solution with MDEA promoter at 30% K2CO3-2% MDEA with various temperatures of 30, 50, and 70oC and 1 atm using the Electrolyte Non-Random Two Liquid (ENRTL) model. This calculation used ASPEN PLUS V7.3 program, then subsequently used to compare the results with previous experimental and simulated studies using MATLAB. The predicted results were compared with experimental data with ARD mole fraction CO2 22.5% by CO2 loading 0,0117-0.0187 . In this study, the increase of CO2 loading led to increased CO2 solubility and CO2 partial pressures . The increase in CO2 loading results in increased CO2 solubility and CO2 partial pressure 2-3%. Besides, in temperature rise causes an increase in CO2 partial pressure

Penggunaan Tanah Vertisol Sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Silika Medya Ayunda Fitri; Farikha Alfi Syahriyah; Yulia Tri Rahkadima
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 5 No. 1 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Silica is widely used in industry. The aim of this study was to determine the silica content in vertisol soil in Bringinbendo village. This research was started by soaking the soil in aquadest, then washed 3 times and dried it at 110 ° C for 24 hours. Furthermore, smoothed to 250 mesh size. The second stage is the synthesis of silica using the alkaline extraction method and the treatment of acids. 20 grams of soil powder were extracted in 100 ml NaOH (3, 5, dan 7M) while stirring and heated at 80 ° C. Next, 250 ml of aquadest was added and filtered using Whatman paper. The filtrate was titrated with 5M HCl while stirring until the pH reached 7. The suspension was maintained at room temperature for 24 hours, filtered, and 5 times with aquadest then dried. The results of the mass study were that the greatest silica was found in 7M NaOH concentration at 1 hour, namely 2.59 grams and vertisol soil in Bringinbendo Village had silica content in the medium category with a proportion of 77.7%.

Penurunan Kandungan Polutan pada Lindi dengan Metode Elektrokoagulasi-Adsorbsi Karbon Aktif Anang Takwanto; Asalil Mustain; Hadi Priya Sudarminto
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 2 No. 1 (2018): April 2018
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Sampah merupakan suatu masalah yang sering dialami oleh penduduk di kota-kota besar di Indonesia, dimana dengan semakin bertambahnya jumlah penduduk menyebkan volume sampah menjadi semakin meningkat. Salah satu dampak dari timbunan sampah adalah terbentuknya lindi, dimana lindi yang tidak diolah dengan baik akan menybakan terjadinya pencemaran air tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menurukan kandungan polutan dalam lindi dengan menggunakan metode kombinasi elektrokoagulasi-adsorbsi karbon aktif. Tahapan proses penelitian ini diawali dengan proses elektrogaulasi limbah lindi dengan elektrode besi dan varibabel peubah adalah rapat arus dan kandungan garam pada larutan elektrolitnya, selanjutnya hasil dari proses tersebut di proses lebih lanjut dengan proses adsorbsi menggunakan karbon aktif, parameter yang diuji pada produk adalah nilai TSS, BOD, turbidity, dan pH nya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses elektrokoagulasi dapat menurunkan TSS (95% ) dari 24,375 mg/l menjadi 1,875mg/l dan BOD (91,60%) dari 893,25 mg/l menjadi 79,46 mg/l . Sedangkan metode kombinasi elektrokoagulasi dan adsorbsi karbon aktif ini dikatakan sangat efektif untuk mengurangi konsentrasi polutan pada lindi pada rapat arus 1,01 mA/cm2 dan kandungan garam 0,5% dihasilkan penurunan sebesar 77,49% dan setelah melewati proses adsorbsi karbon aktif dihasilkan penurunan sebesar 91,60%.Hasil tersebut sesuai dengan baku mutu lindi yang dsesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia No. P.59/Menlhk/Setjen/Kum.1/7/2016 Garbage is a problem that is often experienced by residents in big cities in Indonesia, where with the increasing number of residents increasing the volume of waste is increasing. One of the impacts of waste accumulation is the formation of leachate, where leachate that is not treated properly will cause the occurrence of groundwater contamination. This study aims to reduce pollutant content in leachate by using combination method of activated carbon electrocoagulation. Stages of this research process begins with electrogaulation process of leachate waste with iron electrode and variable variables is the current density and salt content in electrolyte solution, then the results of the process in the process further by adsorption process using activated carbon, the parameters tested on the product is the value of TSS, BOD, turbidity and pH. The results showed that electrocoagulation process could decrease TSS (95%) from 24.375 mg / l to 1.875 mg / l and BOD (91.60%) from 893.25 mg / l to 79.46 mg / l. While the combination method of electrocoagulation and adsorption of activated carbon is said to be very effective to reduce the concentration of pollutants in leachate at a current density of 1.01 mA / cm2 and 0.5% salt content produced a decrease of 77.49% and after passing the adsorption process of activated carbon produced a decrease of 91.60%. The results are in accordance with the leachate quality standard that is compatible with the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. P.59 / Menlhk / Setjen / Kum.1 / 7/2016.

Sintesis Asam Oksalat dari Limbah Serbuk Kayu Jati (Tectona Grandis L.F.) dengan Proses Hidrolisis Alkali Mufid Mufid; Agung Ari Wibowo; Ade Sonya Suryandari; An Nisaa’ Fithriasari; Pravianti Anindita Nastiti
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 2 No. 1 (2018): April 2018
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Selulosa adalah polisakarida rantai panjang penyusun serat pada tumbuhan. Hidrolisis selulosa dengan alkali kuat menghasilkan asam oksalat, asam asetat dan asam formiat. Limbah serbuk kayu jati berpotensi untuk dijadikan bahan baku pembuatan asam oksalat karena kandungan selulosa yang cukup tinggi. Hidrolisis yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini menggunakan natrium hidroksida (NaOH) sebagai zat penghidrolisis. Purifikasi asam oksalat dilakukan dengan penambahan kalsium klorida dan asam sulfat. Penelitian ini mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi natrium hidroksida dan waktu reaksi terhadap yield asam oksalat. Produk tertinggi dengan yield 20% dicapai pada penggunaan serbuk kayu jati kasar dengan waktu hidrolisis 60 menit dan konsentrasi NaOH 1 N. Cellulose is a long chain fiber polysaccharide contained in plants. Hydrolysis of cellulose with strong alkali produces oxalic acid, acetic acid and formic acid. Waste from teak wood in powder formhas the potential to be used as raw material for the manufacture of oxalic acid because the content of cellulose is high enough. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as a hydrolysis agent was used in this study. Purification of formed oxalic acid was carried out by addition of calcium chloride and sulfuric acid. Our research studied the effect of sodium hydroxide concentration and reaction time on oxalic acid yield. The highest product with a yield of 20% was achieved on the use of coarse powder of teak wood waste with a hydrolysis time of 60 minutes and the concentration of NaOH 1 N.

Sintesis Nanofiber PVP dengan Ekstrak Basella rubra Linn. Menggunakan Metode Elektrospinning Wulandari Kusuma Dewi; Defi Nur Indahsari; Okky Putri Prastuti; Eka Lutfi Septiani
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 5 No. 1 (2021): April 2021
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

An alternative wound dressing based on nanofiber mats have been developed recently. The antioxidant and antibacterial activity play an important role in wound healing process. This study aims to combine the properties of Bassela rubra Linn. (EBRL) extract into polivynil pyrrolidone (PVP) nanofibers using the electrospinning method. The first step is to weigh 8 grams of basella rubra linn and wrap it in filter paper. Then extracted using 99% ethanol as a solvent at a temperature of ± 78 oC. The next step is to make nanofibers using the electrospinning method by weighing 8% wt of PVP (Polyvinyl pyrrolidone). Basella rubra linn extract as much as 2% wt, 5% wt and 8% wt in the solution into a syringe. Then assistance with the flow rate of 1 mL / hour, the distance between the spineret and the collector is 10 cm, coating the collector with aluminum foil, and providing 12kV voltage assistance. In the application of nanofibers with EBRL, a certain fiber size is required, so in this study, we observed the impact of EBRL on its diameter and distribution. This method begins by injecting PVP and EBRL solutions of various compositions into the collector in a set of electrospinning devices. The morphology of the nanoparticles was analyzed using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) method. Differences in the composition of EBRL provide different diameter and diameter distribution. This can be constructed by the Taylor Cone form of the solution that is injected.

Efektifitas Penggunaan Co immobilized - Lipase pada Reaksi Esterifikasi Asam Lemak Hasil Hidrolisis Minyak Kelapa Sigit Hadiantoro; Dwina Moentamaria; Muchamad Syarwani
Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 2 No. 1 (2018): April 2018
Publisher : Politeknik Negeri Malang

Kinerja enzim immobilisasi dapat ditingkatkan dengan penambahan co immobilizer, hal ini dilakukan agar ikatan kovalen antara enzim dan matriks lebih kuat dan mempermudah reaksi dari gugus fungsional yang ada pada matriks sehingga tidak diperlukan penambahan bahan kimia sebagai pembawa. Pada penelitian ini digunakan matriks polyurethane foam (PUF) dengan penambahan co immobilizer yang terdiri dari gelatin, lesitin, MgCl2, dan polyethyleh glycol (PEG) 6000. Penelitian ini difokuskan untuk melihat efektivitas co immobilized-lipase pada reaksi hidrolisis-esterifikasi. PUF direndam dalam larutan co immobilizer dengan perbandingan 1:15; 1:20 dan 1:25 (b/b) selama satu jam setelah itu dipanaskan dalam oven selama satu jam pada suhu 30°C. Selanjutnya, matriks PUF direndam dalam lipase selama 24 jam dan dikeringkan dalam oven pada suhu 30°C selama 24 jam sehingga terbentuk matriks lipase terko-immobilisasi pada PUF dengan yang digunakan untuk reaksi hidrolisis-esterifikasi sebagai biokatalis. Pada reaksi hidrolisis digunakan 10 gram minyak yang diemulsikan dalam air dengan variabel rasio minyak-air 1:0,6; 1:1; 1:3 dan 1:5 (b/b) dan waktu reaksi 5, 10, 15 dan 20 jam. Kadar FFA minyak kelapa awal sebesar 0,21%. Produk terbaik reaksi hidrolisis adalah asam lemak bebas dengan kenaikan kadar FFA menjadi 1,18% pada kondisi perbandingan minyak/air 1:5 (b/b). Reaksi esterfikasi dilakukan dengan cara mereaksikan asam lemak hasil terbaik hidrolisis dengan sitronelol dan co immobilized-lipase sebagai biokatalis. Reaksi ini dilakukan dengan variabel asam lemak: sitronelol 1:0,8 ; 1:1 dan 1:3 (b/b) serta waktu reaksi: 5, 10, 15 dan 20 jam. Produk yang dihasilkan adalah perisa alami sebagai ester. Analisis kadar sitronelol awal dan akhir reaksi esterifikasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan GC-FID. Hasil terbaik dari penelitian ini yaitu konversi sebesar 92,88% diperoleh pada ratio massa asam lemak/sitronelol 1:3. Immobilized enzyme performance can be enhanced by the addition of co-immobilizer, this is done so that the covalent bond between the enzyme and the matrix can become stronger and also to ease the reaction of the functional groups present in the matrix so that no addition of chemical as carrier is required. This study used Polyurethane Foam (PUF) as matrix with the addition of co-immobilizer which contain gelatin, lecithin, MgCl2, and PEG 6000. This study focused on looking at the effect of co-immobilized lipase on hydrolysis-esterification reactions. PUF is immersed in an co-immobilizer solution of 1:15; 1:20 and 1:25 ratio (w/w) for one hour and heated for another hour at 30°C. After that, PUF is immersed in the lipase for 24 hours, after which is heated at 30°C also for 24 hours. This research was conducted in 2 stages of reaction, which is hydrolysis then continued by esterification. In the hydrolysis reaction, we used variables such as oil-water ratio for 1:0.6; 1:1; 1:3 and 1:5 (w/w); the reaction time 5, 10, 15 and 20 hours; and also PUF:co-immobilized ratio in 1:15; 1:20 and 1:25 (w/w). The best fatty acid obtained from hydrolysis results in oil-water ratio of 1:5 (w/w), with FFA 1.18%. Next is esterification reaction which is done by reacting fatty acid from hydrolyzed coconut oil with citronellol, with the addition of immobilized lipase (as a biocatalyst). This reaction was carried out with variables like mass ratio of fatty acids-citronellol 1:0.8; 1:1 and 1:3 and reaction time: 5, 10, 15 and 20 hours. The resulting product is the flavor enhancer as ester. The analysis of the percentage of initial and final citronellol on the end of esterification reaction were performed using GC-FID. The best results of this study, conversion percentage respectively 92.88% obtained at mass ratio of fatty acid-citronellol 1:3.

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Agung Ari Wibowo

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Editorial Address Jl. Soekarno Hatta No. 9, Malang, Indonesia

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Contact Name
Agung Ari Wibowo

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agung.ari@polinema.ac.id

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+62341404424

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jtkl@polinema.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jl. Soekarno Hatta No. 9, Malang, Indonesia

Location
Kota malang,

Jawa timur

INDONESIA