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<![CDATA[PEMANFAATAN KOTORAN SAPI DAN SAMPAH SAYUR PADA PEMBUATAN BIOGAS DENGAN FERMENTASI SAMPAH SAYURAN ]]>
<![CDATA[Fitri, Medya Ayunda]]>;
<![CDATA[Dhaniswara, Trisna Kumala]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Research and Technology Vol 4, No 1 (2018) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sidoarjo ]]>
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DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2580441
<![CDATA[Biogas is one solution to the use organic waste (livestock manure and vegetables). The aim of the research was to find out the effectiveness of livestock manure and fermentation of vegetable waste into biogas. This research was carried out using fermented vegetable waste for 10-12 days, then it was chopped and blended. The vegetable waste is then mixed with cow dung and water according to the determined variables. The mixture was put into a brown glass bottle and the bottle mouth was closed with a balloon and deposited for 8 days. Furthermore, the CO2 gas produced was released and start to deposite again for 20-30 days. Trapped methane gas obtained from in the balloon was then stored to measure the produced volume and pH and also the methane gas. The results obtained from the research that is were the best pH obtained from vegetable waste blender fermentation treatment (% water100 and the percentage of KS: SO was 75:25) was 7 and the largest volume was obtained from fermented chopped vegetable waste treatment (water% 300 and percentage KS: SO was 100: 0) of 78.73 cm3.]]>
<![CDATA[PENGARUH PERLAKUAN AWAL SAMPAH ORGANIK TERHADAP PRODUKSI BIOGAS SECARA ANAEROBIC DIGESTION ]]>
<![CDATA[Dhaniswara, Trisna Kumala]]>;
<![CDATA[Fitri, Medya Ayunda]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Research and Technology Vol 3, No 2 (2017) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sidoarjo ]]>
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DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2581786
<![CDATA[The biggest problem currently in Indonesia is the amount of garbage that accumulates and is not controlled anywhere, especially organic waste. There are also many methods to use waste. One of waste utilization is Biogas. Organic content contained in organic waste can be used as a substart source for anaerobic bacteria. Initial treatment of organic waste in this study used as a variable, namely chopped and blended. This initial treatment is done before it is mixed with other ingredients, ie cattle dung and water. 200% water is added to the reactor along with other variables. Temperature, pH and biogas volume were observed for 30 days. Initial treatment factor of organic waste as biogas production substand showed blend treatment with decay having higher biogas production than others, is 189.99 cm3 with a composition ratio of 50% cattle dung and 50% organic waste.]]>
<![CDATA[PENGARUH MICROWAVE HEATING TERHADAP KUALITAS MINYAK DEDAK PADI ]]>
<![CDATA[Rahkadima, Yulia Tri]]>;
<![CDATA[Fitri, Medya Ayunda]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Research and Technology Vol 4, No 2 (2018) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sidoarjo ]]>
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DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2580411
<![CDATA[Rice bran oil as an alternative edible oil is promising to be developed. However, the presence of lipaze enzym which hydrolyze actively trigliceride into free fatty acid results rice bran quality can not be controlled and tend to degrade. Stabilization proccess was needed to overcome this isue. Stabilization with microwave heating has been carried out to study the effect of stabilization toward the quality of rice bran oil. The results showed that the highest percentage of oil mass 7.67% was obtained at medium power (power 2), stabilization time 1 minute and the extraction waiting time for 0 week. Meanwhile, the levels of free fatty acids tended to be constant when the proccess was carried out at power 3 (high power) for all stabilization times. Microwave heating was effective enough to reduce the lipase enzyme in rice bran so as free fatty acid content did not increase significantly.]]>
<![CDATA[STUDI EKSPERIMENTAL FALLING FILM EVAPORATOR PADA EVAPORASI NIRA KENTAL ]]>
<![CDATA[Fitri, Medya Ayunda]]>;
<![CDATA[Suhadi, Suhadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Altway, Ali]]>;
<![CDATA[Susianto, Susianto]]>
<![CDATA[ Journal of Research and Technology Vol 2, No 1 (2016) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sidoarjo ]]>
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DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2582030
<![CDATA[Falling film evaporator is a constructed equipment for concentrating dilute solution that are sensitive to heat flowing form a thin film. This research aims to study the evaporation of cane juice concentrated with air flow on falling film evaporator and knowing evaporation rate occured in falling film evaporator used. In the process, cane juice from plant pumped to the falling film evaporator that used in this experiment. This research used concentrated cane juice and air flow rate for variables of this experiment. Cane juice flow from top of evaporator through distributor to form thin film and air flow from the bottom of evaporator. After that, temperatur of pipe wall, inlet and outlet temperature of cane juice and air were measured. This experiment concluded that the highest concentration of outlet solution is 59 brix for liquid flow rate 154 l/h and air flow rate 10 m3/h, and the other hand inlet solution concentration 51 brix. Optimum evaporation rate is 35 kg/m2.h for 51 brix and air flow rate 10 m3/h.]]>
<![CDATA[The effect of pretreatment process on lignocellulosic materials with a combination of microwaves and alkaline solvents on solid products. ]]>
<![CDATA[Medya Ayunda Fitri]]>;
<![CDATA[Yulia Tri Rahkadima]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal IPTEK Vol 25, No 2 (2021) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[LPPM Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya (ITATS) ]]>
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DOI: 10.31284/j.iptek.2021.v25i2.2355
<![CDATA[The pretreatment process is important in treating lignocellulosic-rich biomass such as sugarcane bagasse. The lignocellulosic structure is strong, and the proportion of crystals is high, complicating the fermentation process. Still, it needs to be converted to a more amorphous structure for easy access to fermenting enzymes. The pretreatment process is carried out with alkaline solvents and microwaves in this study. The process begins by standardizing the size of the bagasse powder used. Sugarcane bagasse powder and NaOH alkaline solvent were mixed in a three-necked round-bottom flask. The reactor used in this study was a modified domestic microwave equipped with a temperature controller and condenser. The results showed that this modification was significant to reduce the weight of the residual solid product compared to the initial weight of the raw material. Process variables such as reaction time and solvent concentration significantly affect the cellulose content of solid products. However, hemicellulose content showed different results. The results of the XRD analysis showed that the crystallization index of the effect decreased with increasing pretreatment time. Pretreatment with microwaves and alkaline solvents was successful with satisfactory structural changes in the cellulosic solid.]]>
<![CDATA[PROSES PERLAKUAN AWAL AMPAS TEBU DENGAN PELARUT ASAM DAN GELOMBANG MIKRO SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU BIOETHANOL ]]>
<![CDATA[MEDYA AYUNDA FITRI]]>;
<![CDATA[YULIA TRI RAHKADIMA]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Chemurgy Vol 5, No 2 (2021): Jurnal Chemurgy-Desember 2021 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Mulawarman ]]>
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DOI: 10.30872/cmg.v5i2.6735
<![CDATA[Proses pretreatment perlu dilakukan pada penggunaan ampas tebu sebagai bahan baku generasi kedua pembuatan bioethanol. Hal ini dikarenakan sebagian besar kandungan ampas tebu adalah lignoselulosa yang memiliki struktur yang kuat dan susah difermentasi. Proses pretreatment ampas tebu dengan menggunakan senyawa asam dan pemanasan gelombang mikro dilakukan dalam penelitian ini. Penelitian itu bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh varibel proses yaitu konsentrasi senyawa asam (0,1; 0,4 dan 1,0 M) dan waktu reaksi (10-30 menit) terhadap komposisi produk solid yang diperoleh. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan reaktor microwave yang diperoleh dengan memodifikasi microwave domestik dengan alat pengatur suhu dan kondensor refluk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode yang dirancang pada penelitian ini telah berhasil mengubah struktur selulosa dan hemiselulosa pada produk yang diperoleh. Kenaikan waktu reaksi menurunkan persentase kandungan selulosa dan hemiselulosa pada produk. Pengaruh yang sama juga ditunjukan oleh perubahan konsentrasi pelarut. Kenaikan konsentrasi pelarut menyebabkan semakin kecilnya persentase selulosa dan hemiselulosa yang diperoleh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran kristal pada ampas tebu sebelum dan sesudah reaksi mengalami penurunan. Kata Kunci: perlakuaan awal, asam, gelombang mikro, ampas tebu ]]>
<![CDATA[THE EFFECT OF CHEMICAL AND MICROWAVE HEATING TREATMENT FOR REDUCING SUGAR RECOVERY ]]>
<![CDATA[Yulia Tri Rahkadima]]>;
<![CDATA[Medya Ayunda Fitri]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Kimia Riset Vol. 7 No. 1 (2022): June ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Universitas Airlangga, Campus C Mulyorejo, Surabaya, Indonesia ]]>
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DOI: 10.20473/jkr.v7i1.36189
<![CDATA[Microwave heating treatment was the one type of pretreatment process used in the manufacture bioethanol because it can be applied singly or in combination with other chemicals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of microwave heating on the pretreatment process using acid and alkaline solvents. The research was carried out in two stages, namely the preparation of raw materials and pretreatment with microwave. At the stage of preparation of raw materials, bagasse was dried for 2 days and then crushed to a size of 50 mesh to uniform the size of the raw materials. The raw materials that have been prepared are then subjected to a pretreatment process. The pretreatment process was carried out using a modified microwave with temperature settings and the addition of a stirrer. 5 grams of bagasse powder and 200 ml of a solution of H2SO4 or NaOH (0.2 M, 0.4 M, and 1 M) were put into a round tool flask and then put into the microwave. Pretreatment was carried out at 180°C with time variables of 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes. Then the solution was separated from the residual solid by filtration and the solution was neutralized with 1 M HCl. The results showed that the use of acidic and alkaline solvents, high concentrations of solvents can lead to smaller the acquisition of reducing sugars in the liquid product phase. The highest percentage of reducing sugar obtained is 0.559% when using an acid solvent with a concentration of 0.1 M for 20 minutes.]]>
<![CDATA[Effect of Catalysts H2SO4 8% and Baggase Ratio on Yield of Furfural with Hydrolysis Method Using Microwaves ]]>
<![CDATA[Arief Adhiksana]]>;
<![CDATA[Ayu Chandra Kartika Fitri]]>;
<![CDATA[Vini Kumara Lalita Siniwi]]>;
<![CDATA[Medya Ayunda Fitri]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022): April 2022 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Politeknik Negeri Malang ]]>
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DOI: 10.33795/jtkl.v6i1.289
<![CDATA[Ampas tebu mengandung pentosan sebesar 12,7%. Kandungan pentosan yang cukup tinggi dalam ampas tebu dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan furfural melalui proses hidrolisis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh rasio ampas tebu dan katalis H2SO4 terhadap yield furfural yang didapat dari proses hidrolisis menggunakan microwave. Ampas tebu ditambahkan dengan H2SO4 8% sebagai katalisator dengan variasi rasio ampas tebu dan katalisator H2SO4 yaitu 1:20, 1:30, 1:40, 1:50, dan 1:60 pada temperatur microwave 100oC dan waktu reaksi 75 menit. Sampel dianalisa secara kualitatif dengan uji warna menggunakan anilin- asetat sebagai pereaksi. Setelah anilin-asetat ditambahkan ke sampel, warna sampel berubah dari kuning cerah menjadi merah sebagai tanda sampel mengandung furfural. Furfural yang dihasilkan dianalisa untuk mengetahui yield dari furfural dengan menggunakan Gas Chromatography (GC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan yield furfural terbaik pada rasio ampas tebu dan katalisator H2SO4 1:30 yakni sebesar 0,28%. The sugar cane bagasse contains 12.7% pentosan. The relatively high pentosan content in the sugar cane bagasse can be used as the raw material of furfural production by utilizing the hydrolysis process. This research aims to determine the effects of ratio variations of bagasse and H2SO4 catalyst on the yield of furfural obtained from the hydrolysis process using a microwave. The sugar cane bagasse was added with H2SO4 8% as catalyst with a variations ratio of sugar cane bagasse and H2SO4 catalyst that is 1:20, 1:30, 1:40, 1:50, and 1:60 in a microwave with the reaction temperature of 100oC and reaction time of 75 minutes. The sample was analyzed qualitatively with a color test by using aniline-acetic as the reactant. After the aniline-acetic was added to the sample, the color of the sample changed from bright yellow to red as a sign that the sample contains furfural. The obtained furfural was analyzed to find out the yield of furfural by using Gas Chromatography (GC). The research product showed that the best yield of furfural on the ratio of bagasse and H2SO4 catalyst of 1:30 is 0.28%.]]>
<![CDATA[Penggunaan Tanah Vertisol Sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Silika ]]>
<![CDATA[Medya Ayunda Fitri]]>;
<![CDATA[Farikha Alfi Syahriyah]]>;
<![CDATA[Yulia Tri Rahkadima]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 5 No. 1 (2021): April 2021 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Politeknik Negeri Malang ]]>
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DOI: 10.33795/jtkl.v5i1.212
<![CDATA[Silica is widely used in industry. The aim of this study was to determine the silica content in vertisol soil in Bringinbendo village. This research was started by soaking the soil in aquadest, then washed 3 times and dried it at 110 ° C for 24 hours. Furthermore, smoothed to 250 mesh size. The second stage is the synthesis of silica using the alkaline extraction method and the treatment of acids. 20 grams of soil powder were extracted in 100 ml NaOH (3, 5, dan 7M) while stirring and heated at 80 ° C. Next, 250 ml of aquadest was added and filtered using Whatman paper. The filtrate was titrated with 5M HCl while stirring until the pH reached 7. The suspension was maintained at room temperature for 24 hours, filtered, and 5 times with aquadest then dried. The results of the mass study were that the greatest silica was found in 7M NaOH concentration at 1 hour, namely 2.59 grams and vertisol soil in Bringinbendo Village had silica content in the medium category with a proportion of 77.7%.]]>
<![CDATA[Aplikasi Microwave Hydrodistillation pada Ekstraksi Biji Kapulaga ]]>
<![CDATA[Y. Tri Rahkadima]]>;
<![CDATA[Anggun Fitria Laila Ningsih]]>;
<![CDATA[Medya Ayunda Fitri]]>
<![CDATA[ Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan Vol. 4 No. 2 (2020): October 2020 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Politeknik Negeri Malang ]]>
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DOI: 10.33795/jtkl.v4i2.169
<![CDATA[Minyak Atsiri dari kapulaga memiliki banyak manfaat dibidang industri maupun kesehatan. Metode alternatif diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan kualitas dan kuantitas minyak atsiri yang dihasilkan karena metode konvensional memiliki banyak kelemahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan hasil minyak atsiri dari proses ekstraksi konvensional menggunakan soxhlet dan ekstraksi microwave hydrodistilation . Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan serbuk biji kapulaga seberat 40 gram yang telah dipisahkan dari bahan impuritiesnya . Pada metode ekstraksi Soxhlet , n-heksan digunakan sebagai pelarut, sementara itu pada metode ekstraksi Microwave Hydrodistilation menggunakan aquadest sebagai pelarutnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persen yield tertinggi diperoleh saat menggunakan metode ekstraksi soxhlet yaitu sebesar 3,608% dengan volume pelarut 250 ml , waktu ekstraksi 6 jam. Penggunaan aquades dalam metode microwave hydro-distilation tidak memberikan hasil yang maksimal jika dibandingkan metode konventional ekstraksi soxhlet dengan pelarut n-heksan. Essential oils from cardamom have many benefits in the field of industry and health. Alternative methods are needed to optimize the quality and quantity of essential oils produced because conventional methods have many disadvantages. This study aims to compare the results of essential oils from conventional extraction processes using Soxhlet and Microwave Hydrodistilation extraction. The study was conducted using cardamom seed powder weighing 40 grams which had been separated from the impurities. In the Soxhlet extraction method, n-hexane is used as a solvent, while in the Microwave Hydrodistilation extraction method uses aquadest as the solvent. The results showed that the highest percent yield was obtained when using the Soxhlet extraction method which was 3.608% with a volume of solvent of 250 ml, extraction time of 6 hours. The use of distilled water in the microwave hydro-distillation method does not give maximum results when compared to the conventional method of extracting Soxhlet with n-hexane solvent.]]>
