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Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
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Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
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Articles 547 Documents
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Physiological responses, growth and productivity of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) as affected by boron fertilization Prasetiyanto, Lukas Priyo; Putra, Eka Tarwaca Susila; Hanudin, Eko
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 9, No 2 (2024): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.86073

Abstract

Boron (B) is an essential micro nutrient that is needed by oil palms, especially to control productivity. The aim of this research was to determine the optimal dose of B for mature oil palms. The research was conducted at a smallholder oil palm plantation located in Katingan Region, Central Kalimantan Province from January to December 2022. The field experiment was a single factor arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three blocks as replications. The factor tested was the dose of B fertilization, consisting of five doses, namely 0 g. trunk⁻¹. semester⁻¹ (control); 25 g. trunk⁻¹. semester⁻¹; 50 g. trunk⁻¹. semester⁻¹; 75 g. trunk⁻¹. semester⁻¹; and 100 g. trunk⁻¹. semester⁻¹. Observations were done on several variables of micro-weather characteristics at the research site, nutrient and physiological characteristics of leaf, morphological characters and plant growth, and yield and yield components of oil palms. The data obtained were then analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) α=5 %, and data showing significant differences between treatments were tested with an orthogonal polynomial. The results showed that B had positive effects on leaf B, P and K concentration and absorption, leaf chlorophyll content, number of midribs, plant height, leaf area per trunk, leaf area index, crop dry weight, pollen fertility, fruit set, pollen viability, fresh fruit bunch weight (FFB) and FFB productivity. The optimal dose of B to optimize oil palms productivity was 60.24 g. trunk⁻¹. semester⁻¹ with a maximum value of FFB productivity of 6.94 tons. trunk⁻¹. semester⁻¹.
The role of mycorrhiza and humic acid on quantitative and qualitative traits of faba bean plant under different fertilizer regimes Mirbakhsh, Mandana; Sohrabi Sedeh, Seyedeh Sara
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 8, No 3 (2023): December
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.88272

Abstract

In sustainable agricultural ecosystem management, a key focus is on minimizing chemical fertilizer use and maximizing the use of non-chemical alternatives. Our study was designed to explore the impact of mycorrhizal fungi and humic acid (HA) on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of faba beans under varying chemical fertilizer levels. The experiment involved different treatments, which included HA and mycorrhiza in four variations (control, HA, HA+ mycorrhiza, and mycorrhiza alone), and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizers at three different dosages (50%, 75%, and 100% of the recommended amount). The findings revealed that combining HA with mycorrhiza significantly influenced root colonization, with the highest chlorophyll a concentration (1.58 mg g⁻¹) observed in the HA+ mycorrhiza treatment at 75% NPK. This treatment also led to the highest counts in seeds per pod, number of pods, and weight of 100 seeds. Between the 100% and 75% NPK levels in the HA+ mycorrhiza treatment, no significant differences were noted in terms of grain and biological yield. The greatest grain yields were measured at 4356 kg ha⁻¹ and 4322 kg ha⁻¹ for the HA+ mycorrhiza treatment at 100% and 75% NPK, respectively. Additionally, the highest concentrations of Fe, N, P, K, and Zn were observed with the HA+ mycorrhiza application at the 100% NPK level.
Role of Gibberellic Acid (GA₃) in enhancing growth and yield of hydroponically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Fadillah, Resti; Wildani, Rizka; Salsabila, Varaditta Putri Zahra
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 9, No 2 (2024): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.88659

Abstract

Gibberellin (GA₃) is a growth hormone that is essential in plant physiological processes. At present, gibberellins are employed in commerce to enhance the physical traits and yield of various vegetable, horticultural, ornamental, and medicinal crops. This research aimed to study the effects of gibberellin application on the morphological characteristics and yield of lettuce plants. The study was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six treatments of gibberellins concentration with a hydroponic system, namely: G0 = control, G1 = 20 ppm, G2 = 40 ppm, G3 = 60 ppm, G4 = 80 ppm, and G5 = 100 ppm, and each treatment consisted of four replications. This research was conducted in May–July 2023 at the Kemuning Greenhouse, Belu Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. GA₃s were sprayed twice at 2 weeks after sowing and 1 week after transplanting. The results showed that the highest GA₃ concentration (100 ppm) had a negative impact on plant morphology and yield, producing the smallest number of leaves, too long stem, pale green leaves, and the lowest fresh weight. Meanwhile, GA₃ concentration of 40 ppm resulted in the highest number of leaves. However, this increase is not directly proportional to the fresh weight of the leaves. GA₃ concentration of 40 ppm resulted in the best and most efficient yield of leaves and fresh weight, making it highly recommended.
Effects of different management practices on the growth and yield of corn Syafrizal, Yusril; Sevirasari, Nindy; Adileksana, Cahyo
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 9, No 1 (2024): April
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.89943

Abstract

In Indonesia, corn is an important commodity that serves as the second source of carbohydrates after rice, whose productivity is influenced by management practices applied during cultivation. This research aimed to determine the effects of different management practices on the growth and yield of corn. This research was arranged in a single-factor Randomized Complete Block Design, with different agriculture management practices as treatments, consisting of TI1 = Best Practices (Drip Irrigation + Rice Husk + Mycorrhiza), TI2 = Farmers’ Practices (Furrow Irrigation) + Mycorrhiza, and TI3 = Farmers’ practices (Furrow Irrigation). The data observed were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and followed by the Post Hoc Tukey’s HSD at α= 5%. The results showed that the TI1 produced significantly higher plant height, stem diameter, leaf dry weight, weight of cob with cornhusk and kernel dry weight, and effectively suppressed weed growth compared to TI2 and TI3. TI1 produced a significantly higher number of leaves, root dry weight, and total dry weight compared to TI3, but not significantly different compared to TI2. TI1 produced not significantly different stem dry weight and harvest index compared to TI2 and TI3. The kernel dry weight per plant observed in TI1 was 157.63 g, which was 14.22% and 22.91% higher than in TI2 and TI3, respectively. Based on the coefficient correlation and path analysis, the number of leaves, plant height, and total dry weight should be considered as important plant growth variables to produce high kernel dry weight. 
Characterization and classification of some soils formed from coastal plain sands origin in Edo State, Nigeria Okunsebor, Faith Ehinomhen; Okhuarhobo, Rita Ivie; Umweni, Aigboghosa Samson
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 9, No 2 (2024): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.90797

Abstract

The aim of this research was to map and classify some soils of coastal plain sands origin in Edo State, Nigeria. The study covered two areas, including Site A (4 hectares) and Site B (12 hectares). The methodology used was a systematic soil survey using a rigid grid at detailed scales (1:5000 for Site A and 1:10,000 for Site B), with two mapping units delineated at each site. A representative pedon was excavated in each mapping unit, described, and sampled for analysis. Soil samples were analyzed using standard laboratory methods, and the data were processed with descriptive statistics. Soil classification followed USDA soil taxonomy, the World Reference Base for Soil Resources, and local systems. The morphological properties showed reddish soil colors when moist, with structures varying from single grain crumb to sub-angular blocky, and textures from sand to sandy clay loam. The content of sand, silt, and clay ranged from ≥742.0 to ≤886.00 g/kg, from ≥15.00 to ≤26.00 g/kg, and from ≥88.00 to ≤190.00 g/kg, respectively. Meanwhile, pH, organic carbon, cation exchange capacity, and base saturation ranged from ≥5.24 to ≤5.58, from ≥4.80 to ≤13.70, from ≥6.71 to ≤11.90 cmol/kg, and from ≥9.80 to ≤21.60 cmol/kg, consecutively. Pedons 2A and 2B were classified as Rhodic kandiudults by USDA, Rhodic Nudiargic Acrisols (Arenic, Vetic) by WRB, and locally as the Orlu series. Pedon 1A was classified as Typic Udipsamments by USDA, Eutric Rhodic Arenosols (Transportic) by WRB, and locally as the Ahiara series. Pedon 1B was classified as Typic Eutrudepts by USDA, Eutric Rhodic Cambisols (Arenic, Ochric) by WRB, and locally as the Kulfo series.
Effects of seed soaking with plant growth regulators combination on the aggregation ability of shallot from seeds Pangestuti, Retno; Sulistyaningsih, Endang; Kurniasih, Budiastuti; Murti, Rudi Hari
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 8, No 3 (2023): December
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.90993

Abstract

The true seed of shallot (TSS) is an alternative technology to boost high-quality seeds, farming cost efficiency, and shallot productivity in Indonesia. Despite the advantages of TSS, including extended shelf life and lower seed requirements, farmer and consumer acceptance remains limited due to the genetic and physiological constraints leading to single and large-sized bulbs, as an effect of low aggregation ability. This caused shallot bulbs from TSS to have a low price and were not suitable for use as seed bulbs. This research addresses challenges in shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) production from TSS by investigating the impact of various plant growth regulators (PGRs) treatments and different soaking time on shallot growth and aggregation ability of 'Tuk Tuk' planting from TSS. The study in Yogyakarta employed a split-plot randomized block design from July to November 2018. The main plot varied the PGRs combination (9 treatment), while the subplot used the soaking time of 4 hours and 12 hours. The results indicated that a GA₃ concentration of 100 ppm, in synergy with NAA at 50 ppm for 12 hours, effectively enhanced aggregation compared to another treatment. Notably, the 'Tuk Tuk' shallot, characterized by low aggregation ability, demonstrated improved potential through seed treatment by PGRs, which could raise the number of bulbs from one to an average of two bulbs per plant. This study enhanced shallot aggregation ability, providing valuable insights for research and developing shallot production from true seeds in Indonesia.
Development of soil characteristics in the UPN "Veteran" Jawa Timur experimental field in Wonosalam District, Jombang Regency, East Java Aditya, Haidar Fari; Wijayanti, Fitri
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 9, No 2 (2024): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.91436

Abstract

Soil characteristic and properties are essential determinants for effective land management. Soil genesis results from the interaction of various pedogenic factors, which are influenced by environmental conditions, thereby producing diverse soil types in different locations. This study was conducted in the Wonosalam sub-district, an area characterized by diverse regional conditions due to its varied physiographic features. The physiographic and climatic conditions in this region significantly influence soil formation processes. This research focused on monitoring soil development at several locations within Wonosalam, specifically at the UPN "Veteran" Jawa Timur experimental field. The study included five observation points, categorized by land map units: PW1, PW2, PW3, PW4, and PW5. Morphological analyses indicate the presence of two distinct soil types among the five observation points. The soils in PW1, PW2, PW3, and PW4 are classified under the Alfisols order, specifically within the Typic Hapludalf subgroup. In contrast, the soil at PW5 belongs to the Inceptisols order, specifically the Typic Humudepts subgroup. This diversity suggests that the area encompasses soils of different orders. The soil characteristic data obtained from the UPN "Veteran" Jawa Timur experimental field can be utilized as a basis for planning the management of the area.
Effects of rice husk mulch dosage on the growth and yield of corn Syafrizal, Yusril; Sevirasari, Nindy; Adileksana, Cahyo; Plena, Stella Nostra Gracia
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 9, No 2 (2024): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.93787

Abstract

Drought significantly affects corn phenology and yield. Rice husk mulching is a technical cultural strategy to mitigate water stress caused by drought. This research aimed to determine the optimal dosage of rice husk mulch for the growth and yield of corn. Determining the optimal dosage of rice husk mulch is essential for agricultural efficiency, environmental sustainability, and plant health. A single-factor Randomized Complete Block Design was arranged for this research. The treatment consisted of varying dosages of rice husk mulch, namely 2; 4; 6; 8 kg.m⁻² rice husk mulch and without rice husk mulch. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance and followed by the Post Hoc Tukey’s HSD at α= 5%. The highest of plant height (185.99 cm), number of leaves (12.58), stem diameter (23.32 mm), stem dry weight (146.40 g), leaf dry weight (37.20 g), root dry weight (53.90 g), total dry weight (237.50 g), and suppressed weeds up to 234.47% were achieved in 6 kg.m⁻² rice husk mulch. At this dosage, it impacts the optimal cob weight with cornhusk and the dry weight of the kernels. The optimal dosage of rice husk mulch was 5.9 kg.m⁻². This study shows that optimizing plant height and cob weight with cornhusk per plant are key indicators for achieving high corn yield. The study demonstrates that rice husk mulch can suppress weeds, and enhance corn growth and yield during drought, compared to conditions without rice husk mulch.
Effects of explants and culture medium compositions on quality of chrysanthemum ‘Jayanti Agrihorti’ rooted cuttings Shintiavira, Herni; Pramanik, Dewi; Daniyanti, Ratna Dewi; Pertiwi, Miranti Dian; Rachmawati, Fitri
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 9, No 2 (2024): August
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.95898

Abstract

'Jayanti Agrihorti' is a superior chrysanthemum therefore rooted cuttings quality is required. In vitro propagation increases the rate of propagation and produces true-to-type plants. The research to obtain the best explants and culture medium composition that is capable of producing high-quality plants.  The research was arranged in a randomized complete block design consisting of two factors. The first factor was the explant, including the apical shoot of 0.5 cm, 1.0 cm, and the nodal segment. The second factor was in vitro culture medium composition (CP), consisting of  CP1 (Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium for initiation, followed by MS + 2.5 mg.L⁻¹ gibberellic acid (GA₃) for subculture), CP2 (MS + 0.25 mg.L⁻¹ benzyl amino purine (BAP) for initiation, followed by MS for subculture), CP3 (MS + 0.25 mg.L⁻¹ BAP for initiation, followed by MS + 2.5 mg.L⁻¹ GA₃ for subculture), and CP4 (MS + 0.5 mg.L⁻¹ BAP for initiation, followed by MS + 0.25 mg.L⁻¹ BAP for subculture). Acclimatization was performed after third subculture. The apical shoot size of 0.5−1.0 cm is optimum for producing chrysanthemum-rooted cuttings. Meanwhile, MS medium for initiation stage, followed by MS + 2.5 mg.L⁻¹ GA₃ for subculture is the best culture medium composition for in vitro propagation. This explant and culture medium composition produced higher chlorophyll a, b, and a+b content, thereby resulting in higher plant, more leaves, larger stem diameter, and longer root length. This are recommended for chrysanthemum propagation, particularly in 'Jayanti Agrihorti'.
The effect of a combination of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization with bamboo biochar rate on the growth and productivity of rice Mahyudi, Mahyudi; Purwanto, Benito Heru; Hanudin, Eko
Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Vol 9, No 3 (2024): December
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada jointly with PISPI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ipas.75250

Abstract

The combination of fertilizer treatment with biochar has shown to be a sustainable and ecologically friendly method of increasing soil fertility and crop productivity. However, its combined impact on nutrient availability and rice yield is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of bamboo biochar produced by the Kontiki method in combination with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on nutrient availability in the soil and the productivity of rice. The treatment factors included the fertilizer combination factor (B) consisting of B1 (N + P fertilizer + Biochar), B2 (N fertilizer + Biochar), B3 (P fertilizer + Biochar), and B4 (Biochar + no fertilizer), and the biochar dose factor (F) comprising F0 (0 tons ha⁻¹), F1 (5 tons ha⁻¹), and F2 (10 tons ha⁻¹), resulting in 36 experimental plots with 12 treatment combinations. Measurement of ammonium and nitrate concentration in the soil started on the 15th day after planting, following the measurement of the growth of rice plant biomass with an interval of 15 days. The measurement of available P in the soil was started on day 45 after planting and continued until harvesting time with the same time intervals as the measurements of ammonium and nitrate. The study found that combining bamboo biochar treatment with nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer greatly boosted the availability of nitrogen (ammonium and nitrate) and availability of P in the soil. Treatment combinations improved lowland rice yield (P < 0.05) by increasing plant height, number of tillers, dry weight of shoots and roots, grain weight per clump, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield.

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