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Acta Medical and Health Sciences (AMHS)
Published by Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani
ISSN : 28305531     EISSN : 28305426     DOI : https://doi.org/10.35990
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Acta Medical and Health Sciences (AMHS) is a scientific journal that publishes research articles, case reports, literature reviews, and other topics relevant to the field of medicine and health, either clinically or to the biomolecular level. Manuscript under consideration that may be uploaded is a full text of article which has not been published in other national magazines. AMHS is published three times a year (every February, June, and October).
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 60 Documents
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Patient perception of junior interns’ professionalism in teaching hospital Taufan, Ali; Grace, Aprilia; A Nugraha, Biancha
ACTA Medical Health Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): Acta Medical and Health Sciences
Publisher : ACTA Medical Health Sciences

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Abstract

A doctor's professionalism consists of clinical competence, communication skills, ethical and legal understanding, accountability, altruism, excellence, and humanism, of which the seven pillars of professionalism are applied at the professional level. This research aimed to describe patient perceptions of the professionalism of junior interns at Dustira Teaching Hospital. Data collection occurred in November-December 2022. This research utilized a quantitative approach, employing a descriptive research method with a cross-sectional design. The study results, which included patient characteristics such as age, sex, education level, and length of stay based on the seven pillars, showed the following outcomes: clinical ability (97.6%), communication skills (95.4%), understanding of ethics and law (92%), accountability (94.8%), altruism (90.8%), and excellence (94.4%) all fell within the very good category. In contrast, the aspect of humanism (66.2%) was only rated as quite good. Researchers suggest that institutions and junior interns should re-evaluate the learning and application of the professionalism among junior interns. While aspects of humanism are generally considered positive, there is still room for improvement. Therefore, further learning and re-evaluation regarding the professionalism aspect of humanism can be beneficial. DOI : 10.35990/amhs.v3n2.p75-83 REFERENCES Kanter, M. H., Nguyen, M., Klau, M. H., Spiegel, N. H., & Ambrosini, V. L. (2013). What does professionalism mean to the physician? The Permanente Journal, 17(3), 87–90. Mueller, P. S. (2015). Teaching and assessing professionalism in medical learners and practicing physicians. Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal, 6(2), e0011. Epstein, R. M., & Hundert, E. M. Defining and assessing professional competence. Retrieved from jama.com Tsugawa, Y., Tokuda, Y., Ohbu, S., Okubo, T., Cruess, R., Cruess, S., et al. (2009). Professionalism mini-evaluation exercise for medical residents in Japan: A pilot study. Medical Education, 43(10), 968–978. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 44 Tahun 2009 tentang Rumah Sakit. (2009). American Board of Internal Medicine. (n.d.). Project Professionalism: Promoting Excellence in Health Care. Retrieved from abim.org Mueller, P. S. (2009). Incorporating professionalism into medical education. Division of General Medicine and Program in Professionalism and Bioethics, Mayo Clinic, 1–11. Alizamar, & Couto, N. (2016). Psikologi Persepsi & Desain. Media Akademi. Rosenstein, A. H., & O’Daniel, M. (2008). A survey of the impact of disruptive behaviors and communication defects on patient safety. The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, 34(8), 464–471. Papadakis, M. A., Teherani, A., Banach, M. A., Knettler, T. R., Rattner, S. L., Stern, D. T., et al. (2005). Disciplinary action by medical boards and prior behavior in medical school. New England Journal of Medicine, 353. Retrieved from nejm.org Purwanti, M., Armyanti, I., & Asroruddin, M. (2020). Persepsi mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tanjungpura mengenai konsep profesionalisme dokter. Nurlina, A., Dewi, M. K., Rachmi, A., Indrasari, E. R., & Kusmiati, M. (2019). Persepsi dokter pendidik klinis terhadap perilaku profesional dokter muda di Rumah Sakit Pendidikan Fakultas Kedokteran Unisba. Jurnal Integrasi Kesehatan & Sains, 1(2). Saleh, A. A. (2018). Pengantar Psikologi. Sidenreng Rappang: Aksara Timur. Rakhmat, J., & Surjaman, T. (2001). Psikologi Komunikasi. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya. Sarwono, S. W. (2009). Pengantar Psikologi Umum (E. A. Meinarno, Ed.). Depok: Rajagrafindo Persada. Ariardi, H. (2005). Persepsi pasien terhadap mutu pelayanan dokter ditinjau dari karakteristik dan mutu pelayanan dokter di instalasi rawat jalan RSI Sunan Kudus. [Skripsi, Universitas Diponegoro]. Valderas, J. M., World Health Organization. (n.d.). Patient Engagement. World Health Organization, Department of Service Delivery and Safety. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 4 Tahun 2018. (2018). Rahmah, F. (2016). Hubungan antara jenis kelamin dan usia dengan persepsi pasien terhadap komunikasi dokter di Puskesmas Pakisaji Kabupaten Malang. [Diakses 27 Agustus 2022]. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor 290 Tahun 2009 tentang Persetujuan Tindakan Kedokteran. Rahayu, S. (2021). Tinjauan length of stay (lama rawat). Makassar. Windiyani, T., Kurnia, D., & Purnamasari, R. (n.d.). Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar. Edisi pertama. Universitas Pakuan. Pudjosumedi, Handayani, T., Saidah, E. S., & Istaryatiningtias. (2013). Buku Profesi Pendidikan. Jakarta: UHAMKA Press. Amin, Y. (2017). Etika Profesi dan Hukum Kesehatan (Suparmi & Junianti Heru, Eds.). Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, hlm. 18–23. Ananda, R. (n.d.). Profesi Pendidikan. Arnold, L. (n.d.). Assessing professional behavior: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow. Academic Medicine. Kusumawati, W. (2011). Profesionalisme dan professional behavior mahasiswa. Mutiara Medika, 11(1), 37–45.
The effect of elderly exercise on sleep quality Afgani, Apen; Lesmana, Sandi; J Callista, Agsel
ACTA Medical Health Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): Acta Medical and Health Sciences
Publisher : ACTA Medical Health Sciences

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Abstract

An elderly person will begin to experience changes in various aspects. The most frequently complained health problem among the elderly is nighttime sleep disturbances. Exercise is known to help improve sleep quality in the elderly. This study aims to examine the effect of exercise on sleep quality among elderly individuals at the Kota Batu Public Health Center, Bogor Regency. The research method used was cross-sectional. The research sample consisted of 27 respondents, obtained through random sampling, and included elderly individuals who actively participated in regular exercise programs at the health center. Sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. The sleep quality scores were analyzed using the independent t-test, and the group comparison between individuals who engaged in regular exercise and those who did not was conducted using the Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that the majority of the elderly had good sleep quality (59%). A total of 14 respondents (52%) regularly exercised. There was a significant difference in sleep quality between those who regularly exercised and those who did not, with significant differences observed in the components of subjective sleep quality (p=0.007), sleep latency (p=0.019), sleep disturbances (p=0.021), and daytime dysfunction (p=0.002). This study found a significant effect of exercise on sleep quality among the elderly at the Kota Batu Public Health Center, Bogor Regency, with a p-value < 0.05 (p=0.00). This indicates a significant effect of elderly exercise on sleep quality in the elderly at the Kota Batu Public Health Center, Bogor Regency DOI : 10.35990/amhs.v3n2.p84-90 REFERENCES Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2022). Infodatin Lanjut Usia (Lansia). Pusat Data dan Informasi, Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, p. 12. Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Bogor. (2021). Statistical Report. Subekti, R. T., & Nina, R. (2022). The impact of exercise on sleep quality in the elderly. Jurnal Kesehatan Panca Bhakti Lampung, 10(September 2021), 110–120. Rezaei, M., Khormali, M., Akbarpour, S., Sadeghniiat-Hagighi, K., & Shamsipour, M. (2018). Sleep quality and its association with psychological distress and sleep hygiene: A cross-sectional study among pre-clinical medical students. Sleep Science, 11(4), 274. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6361305/ Harisa, A., Syahrul, S., Yodang, Y., Abady, R., & Bas, A. G. (2022). Analysis of factors affecting sleep quality in elderly patients with chronic diseases. Jurnal Kesehatan Vokasional, 7(1), 1. Miasa, N. W. N. P., Wibawa, A., Widnyana, M., & Dewi, N. N. A. (2020). The relationship between elderly exercise and sleep quality among seniors in Badung Regency. Sport and Fitness Journal, 8(3), 158. Barrett, B., Harden, C. M., Brown, R. L., Coe, C. L., & Irwin, M. R. (2020). Mindfulness meditation and exercise both improve sleep quality: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of community-dwelling adults. Sleep Health, 6(6), 804–813. Lina, R. K., Fratidhina, Y., Trioclarise, R., Puput, G., & Kurniawan, D. (2022). Implementation of sustainable aerobic exercise programs aimed at improving fitness and quality of life in elderly groups in Jatirahayu, Pondok Melati District, Bekasi City. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Fisioterapi dan Kesehatan Indonesia, 1(1), 23–29. Subekti, R. T., & Nina, R. (2022). The influence of elderly exercise on sleep quality in the elderly. Jurnal Kesehatan Panca Bhakti Lampung, 10(2), 110–120. Retrieved from https://www.ejournal.pancabhakti.ac.id/index.php/jkpbl/article/view/132 Hartono, A. (2023). Statistics of the Aging Population 2023. Badan Pusat Statistik. Retrieved from https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2023/12/29/d308763ac29278dd5860fad/statistics-of-aging-population-2023.html Nurdianningrum, B., & Purwoko, Y. (2016). The influence of elderly exercise on sleep quality in the elderly. Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro (Diponegoro Medical Journal), 5(4), 587–598. Retrieved from https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/medico/article/view/14255 Späth-Schwalbe, E., Hansen, K., Schmidt, F., Schrezenmeier, H., Marshall, L., Burger, K., et al. (1998). Acute effects of recombinant human interleukin-6 on endocrine and central nervous sleep functions in healthy men. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 83(5), 1573–1579. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9589658 Melancon, M. O., Lorrain, D., & Dionne, I. J. (2014). Exercise and sleep in aging: Emphasis on serotonin. Pathologie Biologie (Paris), 62(5), 276–283. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25104243
Description of cases of child sexual violence in indonesia from 2018 to 2022 (literature review) A Rusman, Andri; Ismail, Mirza; Salman, Adam
ACTA Medical Health Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): Acta Medical and Health Sciences
Publisher : ACTA Medical Health Sciences

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Abstract

Sexual violence against children in Indonesia has been a pervasive issue that largely remains concealed, resembling the phenomenon of an iceberg. The Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI) reported that there was a significant increase in the number of children who were victims of sexual violence in 2020. Children are particularly vulnerable to such violence, as they are often perceived as weak or powerless and are highly dependent on the adults in their environment. This study aims to describe cases of sexual violence against children in Indonesia from 2018 to 2022. The type of this research is a descriptive study, using a literature review approach by searching for various relevant sources through Google Scholar and Publish or Perish databases. The keywords used in the research for relevant articles include violence, sexual violence, child sexual violence, victims, perpetrators, risk factors. A total of 17 articles were selected for analyses using a synthesis matrix, obtaining following results: (1) The majority child victims of sexual violence were aged 12 to under 18 years old and were predominantly female; (2) Most perpetrators of sexual violence were over 18 years of age and predominantly male; (3) A significant number of perpetrators were part of extra-familial groups; (4) The most prevalent form of sexual violence was penetration, (5) Most the risk factors for sexual violence were associated with familial aspects. DOI : 10.35990/amhs.v3n2.p91-105 REFERENCES Komisi Perlindungan Anak Indonesia. (2021). REFERENCES1.2021. Darus, D. N., & Permana, R. (2022). Kekerasan seksual terhadap anak: Bentuk kekerasan seksual pada anak dan pelaku kekerasan seksual pada anak. [Jurnal tidak disebutkan], 400–407. Jannah, N., & Irfani, A. (2021). Peran Komisi Perlindungan dan Pengawasan Anak Daerah Provinsi Kalimantan Barat dalam penanganan kekerasan seksual pada anak tahun 2021. Ilmu Bimbing Konseling Islam, 01(2), 48–56. Ivo, N. (2015). Kekerasan seksual terhadap anak: Dampak dan penanganannya. Sosio Info, 01(200), 13–28. Adnyana, I. G. H. E. (2021). Karakteristik kasus pada Visum Et Repertum dengan dugaan kekerasan seksual di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar. Jurnal Kedokteran, IX(1), 1248–1256. Arsawati, N. N. J., & Antari, P. E. D. (2021). Antitesis pemenuhan hak anak korban kekerasan seksual dalam sanksi adat: Studi di Desa Tenganan, Karangasem. Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana, 10(1), 104. Rini, R. (2020). Dampak psikologis jangka panjang kekerasan seksual anak. IKRA-ITH Humaniora, 4(3), 1–12. Wismayanti, Y. F., O’Leary, P., Tilbury, C., & Tjoe, Y. (2019). Child sexual abuse in Indonesia: A systematic review of literature, law and policy. Child Abuse & Neglect, 95, 104034. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104034 Rumble, L., Febrianto, R. F., Larasati, M. N., Hamilton, C., Mathews, B., & Dunne, M. P. (2020). Childhood sexual violence in Indonesia: A systematic review. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 21(2), 284–299. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838018767932 Agustina, P. W., & Kusumaning Ratri, A. (2018). Analisis tindak kekerasan seksual pada anak sekolah dasar. Jurnal Kajian Teori dan Praktik Kependidikan, 3(2), 151–155. Noviani, P. U., Arifah, R., Cecep, C., & Humaedi, S. (2018). Mengatasi dan mencegah tindak kekerasan seksual pada perempuan dengan pelatihan asertif. Prosiding Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, 5(1), 48. Latjengke, A. P., Tomuka, D., & Kristanto, E. G. (2020). Gambaran kasus kejahatan kekerasan seksual di RS Bhayangkara Tingkat III Manado periode Januari 2017–Desember 2019. e-CliniC, 8(2). Suwandi, J., Chusniatun, C., & Kuswardani, K. (2019). Karakteristik kekerasan seksual terhadap anak perempuan di Wonogiri dan Boyolali. Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Sosial, 29(1), 65–77. Kusuma, A. P. U., Nasution, A., & Saputra Nasution, A. (2021). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian kekerasan seksual terhadap siswa di SMA Muhammadiyah Kota Bogor. Promotor, 4(3), 192–198. https://ejournal.uika-bogor.ac.id/index.php/PROMOTOR/article/view/5586 Sulastri. (2018). Kekerasan seksual terhadap anak Indonesia. Jurnal Psikologi Malahayat, 1(2), 61–71. Scarvanovi, B. W. (2020). "Anak Melecehkan Anak": Dinamika psikologis child neglect sebagai akar permasalahan indikasi korban kekerasan seksual anak. Wacana, 12(2), 188–202. Sarianti, B., Hangabei, S. M., & Hukum, F. (2021). Faktor yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya kekerasan seksual pada anak dalam lingkungan keluarga. Jurnal IDEA Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Bengkulu, 21–33. Zuhdi, I. Y. A. (2021). Gambaran latar belakang keluarga korban kekerasan seksual di Kabupaten Siak Sri Indrapura. Psychology Contemporary, 1(2), 61–66. Zuri, & Zakso, A. (2019). Penanganan pelecehan seksual anak di bawah umur di Kota Pontianak. (April), 1–19. Ocviyanti, D., & Khusen, D. (2019). Penanganan holistik pada kasus pelecehan seksual pada anak. Jurnal Indonesian Medical Association, 68(4), 176–179. https://mki-ojs.idionline.org/jurnal/article/view/822 Herlianto, B., Adnyana, I. G. A. N. S., Windiani, I. G. A. T., Alit, I. B. P., & Soetjiningsih, S. (2019). Karakteristik kekerasan seksual pada anak di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar. Medicina (Bali), 50(1). https://www.medicinaudayana.org/index.php/medicina/article/view/467 Sumampouw, N., Otgaar, H., & de Ruiter, C. (2020). The relevance of certain case characteristics in the successful prosecution of child sexual abuse cases in Indonesia. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 29(8), 984–1003. https://doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2020.1801930 Urbayatun, S., Asmorojati, A. W., & Agusta, R. (2023). Sexual harassment in boys: An overview of child victims and child perpetrators in Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 11(1), 1. https://journal.scadindependent.org/index.php/jipeuradeun/article/view/787 Siburian, M., & Maendrofa, A. (2021). Peranan Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat (LSM) terhadap penanganan kasus tindak pidana kekerasan seksual pada anak. Jurnal RECTUM Tinjauan Yuridis Penanganan Tindak Pidana, 3(1), 100. http://jurnal.darmaagung.ac.id/index.php/jurnalrectum/article/view/822 Rahmansyah, A. R., Nabillah, N., & Nurjanah, S. (2022). Tindakan hukum terhadap anak sebagai korban pelecehan seksual yang dilakukan Herry Wirawan. Jurnal Indonesian Social Sains, 3(6), 956–964. https://jiss.publikasiindonesia.id/index.php/jiss/article/view/621 Napitupulu, Y. R., & Julio, B. A. (2023). Pelecehan seksual anak di bawah umur pada anak Indonesia. Jurnal Multidisiplin Indonesia, 2(10), 3088–3095. https://jmi.rivierapublishing.id/index.php/rp/article/view/582 Septiawan, D. A., Arviandi, R., & Lubis, A. (2024). Forensic medical findings in child sexual violence: A case report. Frontiers in Healthcare Research, 1(2), 30–34. https://frontiersin-healthcare-research.org/index.php/id/article/view/1528 Gámez‐Guadix, M., Almendros, C., Calvete, E., & De Santisteban, P. (2018). Persuasion strategies and sexual solicitations and interactions in online sexual grooming of adolescents: Modeling direct and indirect pathways. Journal of Adolescence, 63(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.12.002 Zimmerman, G. M., Farrell, C., & Posick, C. (2017). Does the strength of the victim-offender overlap depend on the relationship between the victim and perpetrator? Journal of Criminal Justice, 48, 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2016.10.003 Ismiulya, F., Diana, R. R., Na’imah, N., Nurhayati, S., Sari, N., & Nurma, N. (2022). Analisis pengenalan edukasi seks pada anak usia dini. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(5), 4276–4286. https://obsesi.or.id/index.php/obsesi/article/view/2582 Knack N, Winder B, Murphy L, Fedoroff JP. Primary and secondary prevention of child sexual abuse. Int Rev Psychiatry [Internet]. 2019 Feb 17;31(2):181–94. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09540261.2018.1541872 Dani MIW. Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Korban Kekerasan Seksual (Studi Peran Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat Sahabat Anak, Perempuan, dan Keluarga di Kabupaten Bantul) [Skripsi]. Yogyakarta: Universitas Islam Indonesia; 2018. Halvorsen JE, Tvedt Solberg E, Hjelen Stige S. “To say it out loud is to kill your own childhood.” – An exploration of the first-person perspective of barriers to disclosing child sexual abuse. Child Youth Serv Rev [Internet]. 2020 Jun;113:104999. Available from: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0190740919312745 Annisa SF. Children as Victims of Sexual Abuse: Has the Law Provided Enough Justice? Indones J Int Clin Leg Educ. 2020;2(4):435–48. Donne MD, DeLuca J, Pleskach P, Bromson C, Mosley MP, Perez ET, et al. Barriers to and facilitators of help-seeking behavior among men who experience sexual violence. Am J Mens Health [Internet]. 2018 Mar 22;12(2):189–201. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1557988317740665 Rusman AA, et al. [Data tidak lengkap – mohon lengkapi data referensi ini jika ingin disertakan.] Jimmerson K. Police department management of sexual assault cases: A retrospective analysis [Thesis]. University of Colorado at Denver; 2016. Marques NM, Belizario GO, Rocca CC de A, Saffi F, de Barros DM, Serafim A de P. Psychological evaluation of children victims of sexual abuse: Development of a protocol. Heliyon [Internet]. 2020 Mar 1;6(3):e03552. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03552 Wulandari YA, Saefudin Y. Dampak psikologis dan sosial pada korban kekerasan seksual: Perspektif viktimologi. J Rev Pendidik dan Pengajaran. 2024;7(1):296–302. Hatta K. Peran orangtua dalam proses pemulihan trauma anak. 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Effectiveness of various lower extremity rehabilitation techniques to improve quality of life in post-stroke patients Mumtazati, Naili; Ayu Sinta, Gusti; Djajasasmita, Daswara; Taufan, Ali
ACTA Medical Health Sciences Vol. 3 No. 2 (2024): Acta Medical and Health Sciences
Publisher : ACTA Medical Health Sciences

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Abstract

The ability to move the lower extremities in individuals who have suffered from a stroke presents significant challenges to daily mobility and function. We conducted a systematic evaluation to compare the effectiveness of physical rehabilitation following a stroke. We searched six databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, Springer, Portal Garuda, and Nature Portfolio) for publications published before November 2023. The researchers recruited stroke patients and used a validated scale to assess lower extremity strength and walking capacity in post-stroke patients. We used the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist to evaluate the quality of the papers that met the inclusion criteria. The PRISMA checklist was used to report the study. We identified nine relevant articles that discussed various rehabilitation methods for stroke patients with lower extremity impairment. We examined the specificity of these results using a statistical parameter. The findings were as follow: Biofeedback cycling (P < 0.001); Pelvic Stability Training (P < 0.05); Exoskeleton for post-stroke recovery of ambulation (ExStRA) (P < 0.05); Aerobic Cycling (P < 0.001); Somatosensory Training (P < 0.001), Lower-extremity constraint-induced movement therapy (P < 0.001), Motor imagery with circuit class therapy (P < 0.001), Robotic gait training (P < 0.05), and Early and Intensive  (P < 0.001). Various rehabilitation methods discussed in the article demonstrate high effectiveness in improving lower extremity function. These methods include biofeedback cycling, aerobic cycling, somatosensory training, movement therapy, motor imagery combined with structured progressive circuit therapy classes, and early and intensive rehabilitation after ischemic stroke. DOI : 10.35990/amhs.v3n2.p106-117 REFERENCES Murphy, S. J., & Werring, D. J. (2023). Stroke: Causes and clinical features. Medicine (United Kingdom), 51, 602–607. Kuriakose, D., & Xiao, Z. (2020). 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Hypolipidemic effect of lime (Citrus aurantifolia) fruit ethanol extract on total cholesterol levels in rats Putri, Welya; Sovia, Evi; Y Ferriani, Sherly
ACTA Medical Health Sciences Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): Acta Medical and Health Sciences
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High cholesterol levels are a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Statins are commonly used to reduce total cholesterol levels; however, long-term use can lead to adverse effects such as myalgia, an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, and liver damage. As a result, there is a growing need for research into natural medicines for cholesterol management. Lime(Citrus aurantifolia) is rich in flavonoids, which have been shown to reduce cholesterol by inhibiting the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme, a mechanism similar to that of statins. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of lime fruit ethanol extract on total cholesterol levels in male Wistar strain rats induced with a high-fat diet and PTU. This study was conducted as a laboratory experiment using a post-test control group design. Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: a normal control group, a negative control group (high-fat diet + PTU), a positive control group (simvastatin), and three test groups (lime fruit ethanol extract 0.875, 1.75, and 3.5 g/kg BW). The high-fat diet and PTU were induced for 14 days, and total cholesterol levels were determined using the enzymatic colorimetric method (CHOD/PAP) at the end. The administration of lime fruit ethanol extract at a dose of 0.875 g/kgBW significantly reduced total cholesterol compared to the negative control group (p=0.013), with no significant difference from the normal group (p=0.965). However, higher doses of 1.75 and 3.5 g/kg BW caused mortality in the test groups. These findings suggest that lime fruit ethanol extract effectively reduces total cholesterol levels at a dose of 0.875 g/kg BW. Further research is needed to determine the optimal dose and toxicity profile of lime fruit ethanol extract forhyperlipidemia therapy. 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Phytochemical screening and antidyslipidemic effect of lime fruit (Citrus aurantifolia) ethanol extract on high-density lipoprotein levels of high-fat diet-induced rats D M Putri, Nabila; Sovia, Evi; Iriawan, Jusron
ACTA Medical Health Sciences Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): Acta Medical and Health Sciences
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Dyslipidemia is a significant health problem in Indonesia and a major cause of coronary heart disease (CHD). According to the 2018 Riset Kesehatan Dasar Nasional (RISKESDAS), 24.3% of Indonesians aged ≥15 years had low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, while 13.8% had high HDL levels. Treatment with traditional medicine is a popular approach in Indonesia. Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) contains flavonoids that can inhibit the activity of the hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) enzyme. This study aimed to identify the chemical compounds found in lime peel and fruit, as well as to determine the effective dose of ethanol extract from lime fruit in increasing HDL levels. This research is a true experimental study conducted in the laboratory using an in vivo approach. The research used a randomized post-test only control group design involving both control and treatment groups. Based on the results of phytochemical screening, the lime fruit ethanol extract contains flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, polyphenols, saponins, and quinones. Using the Saphiro-Wilk normality test, the data obtained are normally distributed with a p-value of 0.809 (p > 0.05). Statistical analysis was continued with the one-way ANOVA parametric test, and a p-value of 0.146 (p > 0.05) was obtained. An increase in the average HDL levels was also observed in the treatment group given a dose of 0.875 g/KgBW of lime fruit ethanol extract, but there was no significant difference in the average HDL levels between the groups. DOI : 10.35990/amhs.v3n3.p130-140 REFERENCES Agung LR. Pengaruh Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum) terhadap Kadar Trigliserida dan Kolesterol Total Darah pada Penderita Dislipidemia. J Ilm Kesehat Sandi Husada. 2021;10(2):408–12. Siregar SRM, Boy E. Faktor Risiko pada Pasien Dislipidemia. J Implementa Husada. 2022;3(4):230. Pengelolaan Dislipidemia di Indonesia 2021. 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Terapi Dislipidemia untuk Mencegah Risiko Penyakit Jantung Koroner. Indones J Nurs Heal Sci. 2020;1(1):15–24. Panduan Tata Laksana Dislipidemia 2022. PB Perki; 2022. p. 128. Latif WD, Aswad M, Bahar MA. Perbandingan Efektivitas Klinik Simvastatin dan Atorvastatin terhadap Profil Lipid Darah: Studi Kasus di Rumah Sakit Universitas Hasanuddin. J Sains Farm Klin. 2022;9(1):34–41. doi:10.25077/jsfk.9.1.34-41.2022 Cyndi B, Andriane Y, Nur I. Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) terhadap Penurunan Kadar Kolesterol Total Darah pada Mencit Model Hiperkolesterolemia. Pros Pendidik Dr. 2016;2(2):911–8. Novriyanti R, Putri NEK, Rijai L. Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) Menggunakan Metode DPPH. Proceeding Mulawarman Pharm Conf. 2022;15:165–70. Mahmudi Y, Afrian S. 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Assessment of GeneXpert MTB/RIF performance for tuberculosis at doctor chasbullah abdulmajid hospital, bekasi city Hawafirdaus, Denty; B Shurianto, Lily; Ratunanda, Susanti
ACTA Medical Health Sciences Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): Acta Medical and Health Sciences
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Tuberculosis (TB) remains a critical global health threat, with effective detection methods continuing to pose challenges. Since 2012, the Indonesian National TB Control Program has utilized the GeneXpert examination with the Xpert MTB/RIF (Mycobacterium Tuberculosis/Rifampicin) cartridge, enabling rapid identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and simultaneous detection of rifampicin resistance. This descriptive study assesses the performance of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay in patients at Doctor Chasbullah Abdulmajid Hospital. Results were classified into successful tests (MTB detected, MTB not detected, MTB detected with rifampicin resistance, and MTB detected with rifampicin indeterminate) and failed tests (invalid, error, and no result). Data were sourced from the National Tuberculosis Information System (SITB), comprising 2,408 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The findings indicate that most suspected TB patients were between 19 and 44 years old (36.62%), with a higher prevalence in males (58.39%) than in females (41.6%). The majority were new TB cases (88.88%). The GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay exhibited an impressive 99.8% success rate, alongside a failure rate of 0.12%. Among successful tests,30.06% detected MTB, with 26.61% being rifampicin-sensitive and 3.44% resistant. Notably, 69.80% of tests resulted in undetectable MTB. Error results may arise from various factors, including undetectable MTB DNA and system malfunctions. While a significant number of negative results were observed, these findings merit further investigation, particularly in suspected pediatric TB cases. DOI : 10.35990/amhs.v3n3.p141-150 REFERENCES Indonesia Ministry of Health. Health Community Movement. Tuberculosis Examination GeneXpert Molecular Rapid Test Instructions Manual. 2023. Indonesia Ministry of Health. Report on Tuberculosis Control Program in 2022. 2023. 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GeneXpert MTB/RIF and Mycobacterium tuberculosis sputum culture in establishing the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance in suspected childhood pulmonary tuberculosis in Soetomo Hospital. Int J Tuberc Infect Dis. [Internet]. Available from: https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/IJTID/ Arbués MD, Rossetti MLR. Evaluation of the GeneXpert MTB/RIF to diagnose tuberculosis in a public health laboratory. Rev Saude Publica. 2024;58(1):3. Huang W, Lee MKT, Sin ATK, Nazari RS, Chua SY, Sng LH. Evaluation of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance. Pathology. 2023;55(5):688–97. Alemu A, Amare M, Ameni G, Kebede A, Beyene D, Yenew B, et al. Monitoring quality indicators for the Xpert MTB/RIF molecular assay in Ethiopia. PLoS One. 2019;14(11).
Efficacy and safety of short vs. Standard long regimens for multidrug- resistant tuberculosis: a network meta-analysis G R Simanjuntak, Josephine; A K Gandhy, Made; Sadha, Kynthia
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Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) remains a critical health concern, particularly in high- burden regions like Indonesia. Shorter treatment regimens have been proposed to improve outcomes for multidrug- and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR-TB). This systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these shorter regimens. Using PRISMA-NMA guidelines, we systematically searched multiple databases, including PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, WOAJ, and WOS, for studies published between 2014 to 2024. We included 23 eligible studies comprising a total of 6,343 MDR/RR- TB patients. Results showed that treatment with a 9-12 month regimen, specifically Kanamycin (Km)/Capreomycin (Cm), Moxifloxacin (Mfx)/Levofloxacin (Lfx), Prothionamide (Pto), Clofazimine (Cfz), Pyrazinamide (Z), Ethambutol (E), High-dose Isoniazid (Hh) demonstrated almost twice the probability of favorable outcomes defined as cure or treatment completion, compared to the standard regimens [RR 1.66 (95%CrI 1.34;2.04), P=0.0094]. Additionally, the 6-month regimen Bedaquiline (Bdq), Pretomanid (Pa), Linezolid (Lzd), Moxifloxacin (Mfx) also showed significantly higher favorable outcomes [RR 1.59 (95%CrI 1.29;2.03), P<0.001]. For safety outcomes, regimens containing bedaquiline, such as the 6-month Bdq, Pa, Lzd, Mfx regimen, had a 38% reduction in the risk of adverse events compared to the standard [RR 0.623 (95%CrI 0.280;1.29), P < 0.0001]. This was followed by the 6-month Bdq, Pa, Lzd and the Bdq, Pa, Lzd, Cfz regimen, which also showed lower risks of adverse events. In conclusion, shorter MDR/RR-TB regimens, especially those containing bedaquiline, appear to enhance cure rates while reducing adverse effects, supporting current WHO guidelines for 6-month treatment options DOI : 10.35990/amhs.v3n3.p151-162 REFERENCES World Health Organization. Tuberculosis. 2024. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tuberculosis (accessed 10 October 2024). Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia (PDPI). Buku Pedoman TBC 2021. 2021. Available from: https://bukupdpi.klikpdpi.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/BUKU-GUIDELINE-TB-2021.pdf (accessed 10 October 2024). World Health Organization. Tuberculosis: Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB). 2018. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/tuberculosis-multidrug-resistant-tuberculosis-(mdr-tb) (accessed 10 October 2024). Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Laporan Program Penanggulangan Tuberkulosis Tahun 2022. 2023. 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Early efficacy of individual regimens containing bedaquiline in patients with drug resistant tuberculosis. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2023;16(4):169–75. Gill CM, Dolan L, Piggott LM, McLaughlin AM. New developments in tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment. Breathe. 2022;18(1):210149. Padmapriyadarsini C, Vohra V, Bhatnagar A, Solanki R, Sridhar R, Anande L, et al. Bedaquiline, delamanid, linezolid, and clofazimine for treatment of pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2022;76(3):e938–46. Mok J, Lee M, Kim DK, Kim JS, Jhun BW, Jo KW, et al. 9 months of delamanid, linezolid, levofloxacin, and pyrazinamide versus conventional therapy for fluoroquinolone-sensitive multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-END): a multicentre, randomised, open-label phase 2/3 non-inferiority trial in South Korea. Lancet. 2022;400(10362):1522–30. Nyang’wa BT, Berry C, Kazounis E, Motta I, Parpieva N, Tigay Z, et al. A 24-week, all-oral regimen for rifampin-resistant tuberculosis. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(25):2331–43. Esmail A, Oelofse S, Lombard C, Perumal R, Mbuthini L, Goolam Mahomed A, et al. An all-oral 6-month regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial (the NExT Study). Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022;205(10):1214–27. Nunn AJ, Phillips PPJ, Meredith SK, Chiang CY, Conradie F, Dalai D, et al. A trial of a shorter regimen for rifampin-resistant tuberculosis. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(13):1201–13. Tang S, Yao L, Hao X, Liu Y, Zeng L, Liu G, et al. Clofazimine for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled study in China. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60(9):1361–7. Duan H, Chen X, Li Z, Pang Y, Jing W, Liu P, et al. Clofazimine improves clinical outcomes in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2019;25(2):190–5. Garcia-Prats AJ, Frias M, van der Laan L, De Leon A, Gler MT, Schaaf HS, et al. Delamanid added to an optimized background regimen in children with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: results of a Phase I/II clinical trial. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2022;66(5):e0214421. von Groote-Bidlingmaier F, Patientia R, Sanchez E, Balanag V, Ticona E, Segura P, et al. Efficacy and safety of delamanid in combination with an optimised background regimen for treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group phase 3 trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2019;7(3):249–59. Yao G, Zhu M, Nie Q, Chen N, Tu S, Zhou Y, et al. Improved outcomes following addition of bedaquiline and clofazimine to a treatment regimen for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. J Int Med Res. 2023;51(1):3000605221148416. Diacon AH, Pym A, Grobusch MP, de los Rios JM, Gotuzzo E, Vasilyeva I, et al. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis and culture conversion with bedaquiline. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(8):723–32. Song Y, Shu W, Pei Y, Du J, Wu G, Wang H, et al. Nine months of bedaquiline, linezolid, levofloxacin, clofazimine, and cycloserine chemotherapy for rifampicin/multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a multicenter, randomized, open-label non-inferiority trial in China. BMC Med. 2024;22(1):465. Dooley KE, Rosenkranz SL, Conradie F, Moran L, Hafner R, von Groote-Bidlingmaier F, et al. QT effects of bedaquiline, delamanid, or both in patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis: a phase 2, open-label, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021;21(7):975–83. Nyang’wa BT, Berry C, Kazounis E, Motta I, Parpieva N, Tigay Z, et al. Short oral regimens for pulmonary rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (TB-PRACTECAL): an open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 2B-3, multi-arm, multicentre, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2024;12(2):117–28. Du Y, Qiu C, Chen X, Wang J, Jing W, Pan H, et al. Treatment outcome of a shorter regimen containing clofazimine for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a randomized control trial in China. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(4):1047–54. Hassane-Harouna S, Cherif GF, Ortuno-Gutierrez N, Cisse D, Camara LM, Diallo BD, et al. Better programmatic outcome with the shorter regimen for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) in Guinea: a retrospective cohort study. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(8):e0237355. Mleoh L, Mziray SR, Tsere D, Koppelaar I, Mulder C, Lyakurwa D. Shorter regimens improved treatment outcomes of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in Tanzania in 2018 cohort. Trop Med Int Health. 2023;28(5):357–66. Mok J, Lee M, Kim DK, Kim JS, Jhun BW, Jo KW, et al. 9 months of delamanid, linezolid, levofloxacin, and pyrazinamide versus conventional therapy for fluoroquinolone-sensitive multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-END): a multicentre, randomised, open-label phase 2/3 non-inferiority trial in South Korea. Lancet. 2018;400(10362):1522–30. Ronnachit D, Cros DP, Khamraev A, Lister D, Ronnachit A, Berry C, et al. Comparing shorter with conventional MDR-TB treatment in Uzbekistan: 2-month culture-conversion rates and treatment outcomes. F1000Research. 2017;6:913. Myemba DT, Bwire GM, Sambayi G, Maganda BA, Njiro BJ, Ndumwa HP, et al. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with MDR tuberculosis in Dar Es Salaam region, Tanzania. JAC Antimicrob Resist. 2020;2(4):dlaa108. Wahid A, Ghafoor A, Khan AW, Al-Worafi YM, Latif A, Shahwani NA, et al. Comparative effectiveness of individualized longer and standardized shorter regimens in the treatment of multidrug resistant tuberculosis in a high burden country. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:973713. Zhdanova E, Goncharova O, Davtyan H, Alaverdyan S, Sargsyan A, Harries AD, et al. 9-12 months short treatment for patients with MDR-TB increases treatment success in Kyrgyzstan. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2021;15(9.1):66S–74S.
The relationship between family support factors and substance abuse relapse: an updated literature review Astyningtyas, Laila
ACTA Medical Health Sciences Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): Acta Medical and Health Sciences
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Current global data indicate that 296 million individuals engage in drug abuse, representing an increase of 12 million compared to previous figures. In Indonesia, the prevalence was 1.73%, with 173 individuals having used drugs in the past year. This study aimed to examine the supportive factors and challenges faced by substance abusers in overcoming dependence, achieving abstinence, and preventing relapse, focusing on resilience, self-esteem, and family functioning. This study employed a literature review methodology. Literature sources were identified using search engines through electronic media, including Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, covering publications from 2014 to 2024. The selected articles were assessed and evaluated based on predefined inclusion criteria, resulting in a final selection of 20 articles relevant to the topic. The findings indicate that the risk of relapse can be minimized with strong social support, especially from family members, which increases self-efficacy and resilience, thereby strengthening commitment to treatment. Therefore, intervention strategies that focus on improving family dynamics, strengthening self-esteem, and enhancing resilience are essential to facilitate sustainable recovery for individuals with substance use disorders. Family support has a positive impact on reducing the likelihood of relapsing in substance abusers. This article also compared similar findings from previous studies and presented the latest expert opinions supporting the importance of family communication in drug prevention. Adequate family support, in the form of communication and emotional support, can increase the resilience of substance users, thereby minimizing the risk of relapse in substance abuse. DOI : 10.35990/amhs.v3n3.p163-177 REFERENCES National Survey on Drug Abuse. 2023. Fatseas M, Kervran C, Auriacombe M. Troubles du sommeil et addictions: Impact sur la qualité de vie et le risque de rechute. Presse Medicale. 2016;45:1164–9. Lopes-Rosa R, Kessler FP, Pianca TG, Guimarães L, Ferronato P, Pagnussat E, et al. Predictors of early relapse among adolescent crack users. J Addict Dis. 2017;36(2):136–43. Andersson HW, Wenaas M, Nordfjærn T. Relapse after inpatient substance use treatment: A prospective cohort study among users of illicit substances. Addict Behav. 2019;90:222–8. Kabisa E, Biracyaza E, Habagusenga J d’Amour, Umubyeyi A. Determinants and prevalence of relapse among patients with substance use disorders: Case of Icyizere Psychotherapeutic Centre. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2021;16(1). Perwita Sari A, Umbul Wahyuni C, Wibowo A. Social support and substance abuse relapse. Health Notions. 2018;2(1). Available from: http://heanoti.com/index.php/hn/article/view/hn20112 Nikmanesh Z, Baluchi MH, Motlagh AAP. The role of self-efficacy beliefs and social support on prediction of addiction relapse. Int J High Risk Behav Addict. 2017;6(1). Stevens E, Jason LA, Ram D, Light J. Investigating social support and network relationships in substance use disorder recovery. Subst Abus. 2015;36(4):396–9. Atadokht A, Hajloo N, Karimi M, Narimani M. The role of family expressed emotion and perceived social support in predicting addiction relapse. Int J High Risk Behav Addict. 2015;4(1). Torrecillas FL. Predictive capacity of self-efficacy in drug dependence and substance abuse treatment. J Psychol Clin Psychiatry. 2015;2(3). American Addiction Center. Addiction relapse: Risk factors, coping & treatment options. 2024. Wang YJ, Tang SS, Chen GD, Xia JH, Wang LN, Zhang H Le. Effect of family intervention on relapse rate of Chinese patients with alcohol dependence. Front Public Health. 2024;12. Venkateswaran S, Thirumalai R. A follow-up study on coping strategies and its association with relapse among alcohol-dependent patients. Indian J Psychol Med. 2024;46(3):245–52. Jan F, Iqbal N, Wasif S, Hassan B, Mushtaq R. Family functioning and relapse among drug addicts: Mediating role of psychological capital. Pak J Psychol Res. 2023;38(4):579–91. Mardani M, Alipour F, Rafiey H, Fallahi-Khoshknab M, Arshi M. Challenges in addiction-affected families: A systematic review of qualitative studies. BMC Psychiatry. 2023;23(1). Mohd Ghazalli FS, Ramly AF. Readiness of families to support a community-based drug rehabilitation program: A case study in Terengganu. Int J Acad Res Bus Soc Sci. 2023;13(12). Liu L, Meng W, Liu B. The mediating role of social support in the relationship between parenting styles and adolescent drug abuse identification. Front Psychol. 2022;12. Singh R, Goyal E, Chaudhury S, Puria A, Kumar S, Kumar A. Psychiatric morbidity in family members of alcohol dependence patients. Ind Psychiatry J. 2022;31(2):306–12. Hong P, Li S, Yu Y, Deng Q. How to enhance the motivation for drug detoxification: Consciousness guidance and behaviour restriction of family intergenerational ethics. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(1). Rathinam B, Ezhumalai S. Resilience among abstinent individuals with substance use disorder. Zeng X, Lu M, Chen M. The relationship between family intimacy and relapse tendency among people who use drugs: A moderated mediation model. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2021;16(1). Nawi AM, Ismail R, Ibrahim F, Hassan MR, Manaf MRA, Amit N, et al. Risk and protective factors of drug abuse among adolescents: A systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1). Lee SB, Chung S, Seo JS, Jung WM, Park IH. Socioeconomic resources and quality of life in alcohol use disorder patients: The mediating effects of social support and depression. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2020;15(1). Sarmawati, Ghozali MH. Literature review: Hubungan antara dukungan keluarga dengan kepatuhan pengguna narkoba menjalani therapeutic community. Vol. 2. Kang SK, Kim HJ, Shin S. A qualitative case study on recovery and personal growth in Korean drug addicts. J Soc Serv Res. 2018;44(3):279–90. Park GH, Choi YJ. Family stress and coping from hospitalization of clients with severe alcohol use disorder in Korea. J Addict Nurs. 2017;28(1):4–10. Asmoro DS, Melaniani S. Pengaruh lingkungan keluarga terhadap penyalahgunaan NAPZA pada remaja. Kesehatan Masyarakat Universitas Airlangga. Nasution J, Marliyah Z. The impact of drug abuse on social and family economics in the perspective of Sharia economics (Case Study at Baitu Syifa Drug Rehabilitation Institution in Medan). EKOMBIS Review. 2024;12(1):12. Available from: https://jurnal.unived.ac.id/index.php/er Xia Y, Gong Y, Wang H, Li S, Mao F. Family function impacts relapse tendency in substance use disorder: Mediated through self-esteem and resilience. Front Psychiatry. 2022;13. Zeng X, Tan C. The relationship between family functioning of individuals with drug addiction and relapse tendency: A moderated mediation model. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(2):1–12. Afaf SN. Factors associated with relapse for patients with substance use disorder: An integrative review. NeuroQuantology. 2022;20(7):2974–82. Available from: www.neuroquantology.com Senormanci G, Esmen E, Turan C, Senormanci O. Evaluation of resilience, quality of life, and depression in family members of alcohol or substance dependent patients. Dusunen Adam. 2019;32(4):320–7. Tarantino N, Lamis DA, Ballard ED, Masuda A, Dvorak RD. Parent-child conflict and drug use in college women: A moderated mediation model of self-control and mindfulness. J Couns Psychol. 2015;62(2):303–13. Xie Q, Bi T, Du Y, Kou H, Yang B. Childhood maltreatment is associated with aggression among male juvenile delinquents in China: The mediating effects of callous-unemotional traits and self-control. Front Psychol. 2020;11. Tomori C, Go VF, Tuan LN, Huong NM, Binh NT, Zelaya CE, et al. “In their perception we are addicts”: Social vulnerabilities and sources of support for men released from drug treatment centers in Vietnam. Int J Drug Policy. 2014;25(5):897–904. Ramsewak S, Putteeraj M, Somanah J. Exploring substance use disorders and relapse in Mauritian male addicts. Heliyon. 2020;6(8). Taplin C, Saddichha S, Li K, Krausz MR. Family history of alcohol and drug abuse, childhood trauma, and age of first drug injection. Subst Use Misuse. 2014;49(10):1311–6. Rogers CJ, Forster M, Sussman S, Steinberg J, Barrington-Trimis JL, Grigsby TJ, et al. The impact of childhood trauma on problematic alcohol and drug use trajectories and the moderating role of social support. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(4). Incerti L, Henderson-Wilson C, Dunn M. Challenges in the family: Problematic substance use and sibling relationships. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being. 2014. Lindeman SK, Selseng LB, Lorås L, Løberg AH. Living with sibling's drug use: Bereaved siblings’ family stories. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being. 2023;18(1). Studi P, Komunikasi I, Dakwah F, Komunikasi D, Ampel S, Yani Sja, et al. Komunikasi interpersonal rehabilitasi pecandu narkoba di Malang. J Ilmu Komunikasi. 2020;10(1). Available from: http://jurnalfdk.uinsby.ac.id/index.php/jik Massey SH, Newmark RL, Wakschlag LS. Explicating the role of empathic processes in substance use disorders: A conceptual framework and research agenda. Drug Alcohol Rev. 2018;37:316–32. Shehata MH, Ebrahim SN. Effectiveness of strengthening resilience training program on patients with substance abuse. IOSR J Nurs Health Sci. 8(3):63–72. Calpe-López C, Martínez-Caballero MA, García-Pardo MP, Aguilar MA. Resilience to the effects of social stress on vulnerability to developing drug addiction. World J Psychiatry. 2022;12(1):24–58. Blain-Arcaro C, Vaillancourt T. Longitudinal associations between depression and aggression in children and adolescents. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2017;45(5):959–70. Dallas JC, Jullamate P, Vatanasin D, Moungkum S, Nadarajan S, Krungkraipetch N. Resilience and influencing factors among youths undergoing substance abuse treatment in Thailand: A cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Nurs. 2023;9.
Efficacy safety of chemoprophylactic plasmodium falciparum and sporozoite vaccines for malaria prevention: a systematic review and meta- analysis I N Kamila, Alya; S Chandrarini, Aqilla; S Devi, Rossi
ACTA Medical Health Sciences Vol. 3 No. 3 (2025): Acta Medical and Health Sciences
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PfSPZ-CVac, an innovative vaccine, aims to combat malaria by using live, weakened Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites in combination with chloroquine. This approach employs the whole parasite, triggering a strong immune response and potentially providing long-term protection. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of the PfSPZ- Chemoprophylaxis Vaccine (PfSPZ-CVac) for malaria prevention. A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted, focusing on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed the efficacy and safety of the vaccine. Seven eligible studies were selected from eight electronic databases. The quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool, and data analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4. PfSPZ-CVac combines live sporozoites with chloroquine, which prevents the parasite from entering the liver and enhance the body’s immune response, particularly T-cell activation, to provide long- lasting protection against malaria. The meta-analysis revealed a significant reduction in parasitemia (P<0.00001, I²=35%, MD=0.38). Local solicited adverse events did not show a significant increase (MD=0.73, P=0.45, I²=0%). Similarly, systemic solicited adverse events and unsolicited adverse events demonstrated minimal risks (MD=0.89, P=0.56, I²=23%; MD=0.65, P=0.20, I²=0%). Although PfSPZ-CVac exhibits high efficacy, its administration is complex, and it carries a slight of rare adverse reactions. PfSPZ-CVac demonstrates potential for providing strong, long-term protection against malaria , with a positive safety profile, making it a promising candidate for widespread use in high-transmission regions. DOI : 10.35990/amhs.v3n3.p178-189 REFERENCES World Health Organization. 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