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Acta Medical and Health Sciences (AMHS)
Published by Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani
ISSN : 28305531     EISSN : 28305426     DOI : https://doi.org/10.35990
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Acta Medical and Health Sciences (AMHS) is a scientific journal that publishes research articles, case reports, literature reviews, and other topics relevant to the field of medicine and health, either clinically or to the biomolecular level. Manuscript under consideration that may be uploaded is a full text of article which has not been published in other national magazines. AMHS is published three times a year (every February, June, and October).
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 66 Documents
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Pengaruh Ekstrak Etanol Buah Terong Belanda (Solanum betaceum Cav.) terhadap Penurunan Kadar Trigliserida pada Tikus Wistar dengan Dislipidemia Multazami, Syahira; Ireka, Yuke; ratwita, Welly
ACTA Medical Health Sciences Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Acta Medical and Health Sciences
Publisher : ACTA Medical Health Sciences

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Abstract

Dyslipidemia, an abnormality in lipid metabolism marked by elevated triglycerides, cholesterol, or LDL and low HDL, increases cardiovascular risk. Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum Cav.) contains flavonoids and anthocyanins with potential lipid-lowering effects. This study evaluated the effect of ethanol extract of Tamarillo fruit (ETB) at doses of 100 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day and 200 mg/kg BW/day on triglyceride levels in Wistar rats with dyslipidemia, compared with simvastatin at 10 mg/kg BW/day. A posttest-only control group design was applied using 25 male Wistar rats divided into five groups: negative control, positive control, ETB 100, ETB 200, and simvastatin. Dyslipidemia was induced with a high-fat diet and propylthiouracil for 14 days, followed by 14 days of treatment. Triglyceride levels were measured using the GPO-PAP method. Data were analyzed with the Shapiro–Wilk test, Levene’s test, and Kruskal–Wallis test. The results showed no statistically significant differences between groups (p > 0.05). However, ETB at 200 mg/kg BW/day demonstrated a 22.6% reduction in triglyceride levels compared with the positive control, though the effect was slightly less than simvastatin. In conclusion, Tamarillo ethanol extract did not significantly reduce triglyceride levels but showed a favorable trend at higher doses, indicating potential for further research with dose optimization, longer duration, and standardized active compounds.   DOI : 10.35990/amhs.v4n2.p51-60   REFERENCES PERKENI. Pengelolaan Dislipidemia di Indonesia 2021. Jakarta: PB PERKENI; 2021. Nasution IS, Rahmadani AD, Audina W, Sari DP, Sari ND. Ulasan sistematis: Pengaruh gaya hidup dan pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap risiko penyakit jantung koroner. Sehat Rakyat: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2025;4(2):287–298. Siregar MH, Fatmah F, Sartika R. Analisis faktor utama kadar trigliserida abnormal pada penduduk dewasa di Indonesia. Jurnal Delima Harapan. 2020;7(2):118–127. Yuliana AR, Martha A. Efek pemberian seduhan kulit buah naga merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) terhadap kadar trigliserida tikus Sprague Dawley dislipidemia. Journal of Nutrition College. 2016;5(4):428–437. Puspaseruni K. Tatalaksana dislipidemia terkait penyakit kardiovaskular aterosklerosis (ASCVD): Fokus pada penurunan LDL-C. Cermin Dunia Kedokteran. 2021;48(10):395–401. Sasmita, Djabir YY, Yustisia I. Efek pemberian dangke terhadap kadar kolesterol dan trigliserida darah tikus model hiperkolesterolemia dan hipertrigliseridemia. Majalah Farmasi dan Farmakologi. 2023;27(2):43–46. Fahmi NF, Laili NN. Differences in triglyceride levels between tobacco smokers and e-cigarette smokers. Proceedings of the National Seminar of Poltekkes Karya Husada Yogyakarta. 2019;1(1):79–88. Saragih AD. Terapi dislipidemia untuk mencegah risiko penyakit jantung koroner. Indonesian Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences. 2020;1(1):15–24. Udin B, Kholifah E. Literature review: Mechanism of action of antidyslipidemia drugs. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2023;6(1):35–44. Dwi Sandhiutami NM, Khairani S, Moordiani M, Purpranoto IN. Efek sari buah terong Belanda (Solanum betaceum Cav.) terhadap perubahan profil lipid pada mencit dislipidemia. PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia. 2021;18(2):226–234. Betaceum O, Riana I, Rahmawati P, Retnowati E, Devi RK. Judul tidak lengkap. 2020;5:7–13. Fairudz A, Nisa K. Pengaruh serat pangan terhadap kadar kolesterol penderita overweight. Medical Journal of Lampung University. 2015;4(8):121–126. Panche AN, Diwan AD, Chandra SR. Flavonoids: An overview. Journal of Nutritional Science. 2016;5:e47. Widiasriani IPA, Udayani NNW, Triansyah GAP, Dewi NPEM, Wulandari NLWE, Prabandari AASS. The role of flavonoid antioxidants in inhibiting free radicals. Jurnal Syifa Science and Clinical Research. 2024;6(2):188–197. Oktarini NWOAC, Dewi P, Puspawati NM, Swantara IMD, Astiti IAR, Rita WS. Antioxidant activity of flavonoid compounds in ethanol extract of Dutch eggplant seeds (Solanum betaceum) in inhibiting lipid peroxidation in Wistar rat blood. Adriana UH, Nofita, Marcelia S. Testing the combination activity of ethanol extracts from basil leaves (Ocimum × africanum Lour.) and fragrant pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) as antibacterials against Salmonella typhi. Jurnal Malahayati. 2024. Liao CJ, Huang PS, Chien HT, Lin TK, Yeh CT, Lin KH. Effects of thyroid hormones on lipid metabolism pathologies in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biomedicines. 2022;10(6):1–17. Ramadhani A, Hidayatt R, Khaira DS. The effect of ramania leaf ethanol extract on insulin and GDP in obese type 2 diabetes mice. Media Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. 2025;35(1):143–156. Sinaga H, et al. Judul tidak lengkap. 2009. Kumalaningsih S. Antioksidan Alami: Penangkal Radikal Bebas, Sumber, Manfaat, Cara Penyediaan dan Pengolahan. Surabaya: Trubus Agrisarana; 2006. Whitcomb DC. Methods for measurement of serum lipids and lipoproteins. In: Rifai N, Warnick GR, Dominiczak MH, editors. Handbook of Lipoprotein Testing. 2nd ed. Washington DC: AACC Press; 2000. p. 115–126. Usmadi. Testing of analytical requirements (homogeneity test and normality test). Inovasi Pendidikan. 2020;7(1):50–62. Andra Ningsih D, Nurhasanah, Fadillah L. The effectiveness of outdoor learning in building students’ self-confidence in science lessons in grade V at SDN 190 Cenning. Journal of Basic Education and Teaching. 2019;4(2):1–12. Mishra P, Pandey CM, Singh U, Gupta A, Sahu C, Keshri A. Descriptive statistics and normality tests for statistical data. Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia. 2019;22(1):67–72. Mishra P, Singh U, Pandey CM, Mishra P, Pandey G. Application of Student’s t-test, analysis of variance, and covariance. Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia. 2019;22(4):407–411. Mohammed A, Samara F, Alzaatreh A, Knuteson SL. Statistical analysis for water quality assessment: A case study of Al Wasit Nature Reserve. Water (Switzerland). 2022;14(19):1–19. Rozi F, Irma, Maulidiya D. Analysis of inflation changes in several major cities in Indonesia using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Multi Proxima Journal of Statistics, Universitas Jambi. 2022;1(2):103–115. Naaktgeboren CA, Ochodo EA, Van Enst WA, De Groot JAH, Hooft L, Leeflang MMG, et al. Evaluation of result variability in systematic reviews of diagnostic studies. BMC Medical Research Methodology. 2016;16(1):1–8. Sudisma IGN, Soma IG, Sudira IW, Rastiti NM. Clinical and physiological responses of white rats (Rattus norvegicus) administered with Datura metel L. flower extract as anesthesia. Journal of Veterinary Science. 2023;41(3):323–335.
Acne vulgaris and self-confidence among medical students of universitas jenderal achmad yani class of 2023 F M Afifah, Dinda; Wulandari, Arlisa; Munirah, Rina
ACTA Medical Health Sciences Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Acta Medical and Health Sciences
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Abstract

Acne vulgaris is a common inflammatory disorder that can affect psychological well-being in adolescents and young adults. This study aimed to examine the association between clinically confirmed acne vulgaris and self-confidence among undergraduate medical students. An analytical cross-sectional design was applied, involving 112 students from the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Class of 2023, recruited through consecutive sampling. Acne vulgaris was diagnosed clinically by a board-certified dermatologist, whereas self-confidence was assessed using the Ratnasari (2021) self-confidence questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Chi-square analysis was used to evaluate associations between acne status and self-confidence levels, with significance set at p < 0.05. Ethical approval was obtained from the Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee (Approval No. 031/UM1.08/2024). Of the 112 respondents, 62 students (55.4%) were diagnosed with acne vulgaris. Most participants demonstrated high self-confidence based on both the Ratnasari questionnaire (67 students, 59.8%) and the Rosenberg scale (68 students, 60.7%). Statistical analysis showed no significant relationship between the presence of acne vulgaris and self-confidence (Ratnasari: p = 0.673; Rosenberg: p = 0.304). In conclusion, although acne vulgaris was common in this population, it was not associated with self-confidence levels. Further studies are recommended to explore additional psychological or environmental factors that may influence self-confidence among medical students.   DOI : 10.35990/amhs.v4n2.p61-67   REFERENCES Tan ST, Firmansyah Y, Elizabeth J. Enhancing adolescent self-confidence by controlling acne. Jurnal Pengabdian Mandiri. 2022;1(5):723–730. Sibero HT, Anggraini DI. Prevalence and epidemiological profile of acne vulgaris in Lampung Province. Jurnal Kedokteran Universitas Lampung. 2019;3(2):308–312. Teresa A. Adult acne vulgaris: Etiology, pathogenesis, and current management. Jurnal Kedokteran Universitas Palangka Raya. 2020;8(1):952–964. Saiya GD, Manuputty AG, Saiya AF, Yakobus S, Titaley CR, Tanamal RS. Relationship between acne vulgaris severity and self-confidence among medical students at Universitas Pattimura Ambon. PAMERI: Pattimura Medical Review. 2023;5(1):47–54. Sitohang MN, Teresa A. Literature review: Relationship between facial hygiene behavior and acne vulgaris. Jurnal Kedokteran Universitas Palangka Raya. 2022;10(1):13–17. Murlistyarini S. Acne Vulgaris. Malang: Universitas Brawijaya Press; 2019. Annisa F, Sulistiasari R. Relationship between sleep quality and acne vulgaris incidence in patients at Dr. Nur Afni Practice, Medan, 2020. Jurnal Kedokteran Ibnu Nafis. 2021;10(1):49–52. Sachio A, Toruan VML, Yuniati Y. Relationship between acne vulgaris severity and quality of life using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). Jurnal Kebidanan Mutiara Mahakam. 2020;8(2):77–83. Rais MR. Self-confidence and its development in adolescents. Al-Irsyad: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Konseling. 2022;12(1):40–47. Fitri E, Zola N, Ifdil I. Profile of adolescent self-confidence and influencing factors. JPPI (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia). 2018;4(1):1–5. Xu S, Zhu Y, Hu H, et al. The analysis of acne increasing suicide risk. Medicine. 2021;100(24):e26035. Tayel K, Attia M, Agamia N, Fadl N. Acne vulgaris: Prevalence, severity, and impact on quality of life and self-esteem among Egyptian adolescents. Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association. 2020;95:1–7. Ompi EE, David L, Opod H. Relationship between self-confidence and acne vulgaris in adolescents at SMAN 7 Manado. eBiomedik. 2016;4(1). Aryani DT, Riyaningrum W. Relationship between acne vulgaris and self-confidence in students at Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, class of 2021. Jurnal Kesehatan Tambusai. 2022;3(3):434–441. Sitohang IBS, Wasitatmadja SM. Ilmu Penyakit Kulit dan Kelamin. Jakarta: Badan Penerbit Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia; 2015. p. 288–289. Hasanah RL, Rianto Y, Riana D. Identification of acne vulgaris type in facial acne images using GLCM feature extraction and Extreme Learning Machine algorithm. Rekayasa. 2022;15(2):204–214. Wibisono EA, Indramaya DM, Rochmanti M. Retrospective study: Initial pharmacotherapy profile of new acne vulgaris patients. Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi. 2020;8(3):236–245. Deliana R, Amalia R, Jusuf NK. Relationship between body mass index and acne vulgaris in students at SMA Negeri 7 Medan. Cermin Dunia Kedokteran. 2019;46(4):253–255. Fadilah AA. Correlation between psychological stress and the incidence of acne vulgaris. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada. 2021;10(2):390–395. Saragih DF, Opod H, Pali C. Relationship between self-confidence and acne vulgaris in senior high school students at SMA Negeri 1 Manado. eBiomedik. 2016;4(1). Harahap M. Anatomy and function of the skin. In: Harahap M, editor. Ilmu Penyakit Kulit. Jakarta: Hipokrates; 2000. p. 35–45. Ulfah N. Relationship between cosmetic exposure and acne vulgaris incidence in female medical students. Jurnal Health Sains. 2020;1(6):393–400. Ramadhianti S. Relationship between acne vulgaris incidence and self-confidence of female medical students at Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara. 2023. Kang S, Amagai M, Bruckner AL, Enk AH, Margolis DJ, McMichael AJ, et al. Acne vulgaris. In: Kang S, et al., editors. Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology. 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2019. p. 1392–1412. Tanojo N, Anggraeni S. The use of dermoscopy to distinguish between pityrosporum folliculitis and acne vulgaris. 2023. Juliyanti J. Dermoscopy. Jurnal Pandu Husada. 2023;4(2):58–78. Mescher AL. Histology: Junqueira’s Text and Atlas. Jakarta: EGC; 2011. p. 364–373. Nabillah R. Prevalence of seborrheic dermatitis in dermatology outpatient clinic of RSUD Meuraxa Banda Aceh, 2016–2019. Jurnal Health Sains. 2021;2(1):112–119. Unzilla DA. Concept of self-confidence in adolescent girls. Educatio. 2016;2(2):43–52. Marbun KAF, Siagian IO, Sinaga H. Self-confidence and anxiety levels in final-year students completing their thesis at Institut Kesehatan Immanuel Bandung. Jurnal Kesehatan. 2023;12(2):321–332. Savira SI. Relationship between self-concept and self-confidence with social media usage intensity as a moderator in psychology students at Universitas Negeri Surabaya. E-Journal Unesa. 2021;8(2). Sulasih. Enhancing self-confidence through group guidance services. Hartamedia. 2016:1–71. Syam A, Amri A. The effect of self-confidence training based on IMM cadre system on student academic performance: A case study in the biology education program at Universitas Muhammadiyah Parepare. Jurnal Biotek. 2017;5(1):87–102. Lauster P. Tes Kepribadian. Diterjemahkan oleh D.H. Gulo. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama; 1998. p. 1–13. Hulukati W, Djibran MR. Analysis of developmental tasks of students in the Faculty of Education, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo. Jurnal Bikotetik (Bimbingan dan Konseling: Teori dan Praktik). 2018;2(1):73–80. Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI). Kamus daring. Tersedia pada: https://kbbi.web.id/didik Matheus KG, Wungouw HPL, Rante SDT. Relationship between acne vulgaris incidence and self-confidence among female students at SMAN 3 Kupang. Cendana Medical Journal. 2018;6(3):369–375. Sugiyono. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta; 2019. p. 112–125. Maroqi N. Construct validity testing of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale instrument using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Jurnal Pengukuran Psikologi dan Pendidikan Indonesia (JP3I). 2019;7(2):92–96. Ratnasari NIPD. Profil Kepercayaan Diri Remaja dengan Akne di SMA Dwijendra Denpasar. Bali: Institut Teknologi dan Kesehatan Bali; 2021. Suwarjana IK. Statistik Kesehatan. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi; 2016. p. 132.
Effects of a multiepitope covid-19 vaccine with chitosan nano-adjuvant on colon histopathology in BALB/c mice Raharja, Razky P; Hamidah, Endah; Paryati, Sayu P Y
ACTA Medical Health Sciences Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Acta Medical and Health Sciences
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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has posed major global challenges in infectious disease control. Vaccination remains the primary strategy to reduce morbidity and mortality; however, concerns persist regarding vaccine safety, including gastrointestinal adverse events. Multiepitope vaccines represent a promising approach to induce broader immune responses, while chitosan nanoparticles are widely studied as biocompatible adjuvants to enhance vaccine safety and efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate the histopathological effects of a multiepitope COVID-19 vaccine, with and without chitosan nanoparticles, on the colon of male BALB/c mice. A post-test-only control group design was employed using 25 male BALB/c mice, divided into five groups (n = 5 per group). Colon tissues were examined histopathologically using Hematoxylin–Eosin (H&E) staining andassessed according to the Harpaz Histological Scoring System (HSS). The results demonstrated that 100% of samples across all treatment groups exhibited an HSS score of 1, indicating mild inflammatory cell infiltration involving less than 50% of crypts without erosion or ulceration. No samples showed HSS scores of 0, 2, or 3. Due to the homogeneous distribution of histopathological scores across all groups, inferential statistical analysis could not be performed. In conclusion, administration of the multiepitope COVID-19 vaccine, either alone or combined with chitosan nanoparticles, did not induce pathological changes in the colon of BALB/c mice. These findings support the gastrointestinal safety of the vaccine formulation and its potential for further development as a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine candidate   DOI: 10.35990/amhs.v4n2.p68-76   REFERENCES Wulan D, Suwandewi A, Khatimah H. Faktor risiko penularan COVID-19 di masyarakat Diah. Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan Suara Forikes. 2023;14(7):73–76. Aditia A. COVID-19: Epidemiologi, virologi, penularan, gejala klinis, diagnosis, tatalaksana, faktor risiko, dan pencegahan. Jurnal Penelitian Perawat Profesional. 2021;3(4):653–660. Tersedia pada: https://jurnal.globalhealthsciencegroup.com/index.php/JPPP/article/view/574/410 Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Vaksinasi COVID-19 Nasional. 2025. Tersedia pada: https://vaksin.kemkes.go.id/#/vaccines Wahyudi F, Nugraheni A, Margawati A, et al. Adverse events following immunization (AEFI): COVID-19 vaccine dose and characteristics in Central Java, Indonesia. Germs. 2023;13(1):40–49. Muthoharoh A, Waznah U. Survey gejala dan pengobatan yang dilakukan masyarakat Jawa Tengah pasca vaksin COVID-19. Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi. 2024;3(3):289–296. Akaishi T, Takahashi T, Sato S, Jin X, Masamune A, Ishii T. Prolonged diarrhea following COVID-19 vaccination: A case report and literature review. Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine. 2022;257(3):251–259. Ajmera K, Bansal R, Wilkinson H, Goyal L. Gastrointestinal complications of COVID-19 vaccines. Cureus. 2022. Shimada T, Takada J, Baba A, et al. An elderly patient developed ulcerative colitis after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination: A case report and review of the literature. Internal Medicine. 2024;63(6):809–814. Taida T, Kato J, Ishikawa K, et al. Severe ulcerative colitis induced by COVID-19 vaccination. Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology. 2024;17(3):447–450. Weaver KN, Zhang X, Dai X, et al. Impact of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination on inflammatory bowel disease activity and development of vaccine-related adverse events: Results from PREVENT-COVID. Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. 2022;28(10):1497–1505. Ren LL, Wang YM, Wu ZQ, et al. Identification of a novel coronavirus causing severe pneumonia in humans: A descriptive study. Chinese Medical Journal (English). 2020;133(9):1015–1024. Lidiana EH, Mustikasari H, Pradana KA, Permatasari A. Gambaran karakteristik kejadian ikutan pasca vaksinasi COVID-19 pada tenaga kesehatan alumni Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Surakarta. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan. 2021;11(1):11–17. Oladipo EK, Ajayi AF, Ariyo OE, et al. Exploration of surface glycoprotein to design multi-epitope vaccine for the prevention of COVID-19. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked. 2020;21:100438. Yang Z, Bogdan P, Nazarian S. An in silico deep learning approach to multi-epitope vaccine design: A SARS-CoV-2 case study. Scientific Reports. 2021;11(1):1–21. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81749-9 Marshall JS, Warrington R, Watson W, Kim HL. An introduction to immunology and immunopathology. Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology. 2018;14(Suppl 2):1–10. Tersedia pada: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13223-018-0278-1 Castrodeza-Sanz J, Sanz-Muñoz I. Adjuvants for COVID-19 vaccines. 2023:1–17. Dmour I, Islam N. Recent advances on chitosan as an adjuvant for vaccine delivery. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2022;200:498–519. Schwedhelm P, Kusnick J, Heinl C, Schönfelder G, Bert B. How many animals are used for SARS-CoV-2 research? EMBO Reports. 2021;22(10):e52812. Atmojo JT, Akbar PS, Kuntari S, Yulianti I, Darmayanti AT. Definisi dan jalur penularan Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) atau COVID-19. Jurnal Pendidikan Kesehatan. 2020;9(1):57. Mudzakkir M, Risnasari N, Nugraha MFE, Mawadha SA. Upaya pencegahan penularan COVID-19 pada masyarakat Kabupaten Kediri. Kontribusi: Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat. 2021;2(1):56–65. Yüce M, Filiztekin E, Özkaya KG. COVID-19 diagnosis: A review of current methods. Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 2021;172:112752. Gorkhali R, Koirala P, Rijal S, Mainali A, Baral A, Bhattarai HK. Structure and function of major SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV proteins. Bioinformatics and Biology Insights. 2021;15:1–11. Sukmana M. The pathogenesis of COVID-19 in the context of establishing a nursing diagnosis. Jurnal Kesehatan Pasak Bumi Kalimantan. 2020;3(1):21–28. Wan Y, Shang J, Graham R, Baric RS, Li F. Receptor recognition by the novel coronavirus from Wuhan: An analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS coronavirus. Journal of Virology. 2020;94(7):e00127-20. Mönkemüller K, Fry LC, Rickes S. COVID-19, coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 and the small bowel. Revista Española de Enfermedades Digestivas. 2020;112(5):383–388. Achard V, Aebersold DM, Allal AS, et al. A national survey on radiation oncology patterns of practice in Switzerland during the COVID-19 pandemic: Present changes and future perspectives. Radiotherapy and Oncology. 2020;150:1–3. Elbadry M, Medhat MA, Zaky S, Kassas ME. Ulcerative colitis as a possible sequela of COVID-19 infection: The endless story. Arab Journal of Gastroenterology. 2022;23(2):134–137. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 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Clinical and laboratory manifestations of dengue fever cases at subang regional general hospital Sulthan, Rifky R; Ayukarningsih, Yoke; Pratiwi, Siska T; Rosifah, Diana
ACTA Medical Health Sciences Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Acta Medical and Health Sciences
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Dengue fever remains a major public health problem in Indonesia, particularly among children. Early recognition of clinical manifestations, supported by laboratory findings, is crucial for diagnosis, monitoring disease progression, and preventing severe complications. This study aimed to describe the clinical manifestations and laboratory findings of dengue fever cases in children. A cross-sectional study design was used, based on medical records of all pediatric patients aged 0–18 years who werediagnosed with dengue infection at Subang Regional Hospital from January to December 2024. Total sampling yielded 197 cases that met the inclusion criteria. Most patients were aged 6–18 years (73.1%) and male (57.4%). The highest incidence occurred in March (20.8%). The most common clinical manifestations were fever (100%), abdominal pain (61.9%), nausea (61.4%), vomiting (53.8%), and headache (37.1%). Warning signs were identified in 46.2% of patients, with persistent vomiting and abdominal pain being the most frequent. Laboratory findings showed thrombocytopenia (75.0%) and leukopenia (62.5%), particularly in the 6–18 age group, while anemia was most common in infants aged 0–1 year (92.3%). Serological examinations showed all patients were NS1 positive at initial testing, with IgM and IgG detected in subsequent examinations, indicating progression from the acute to the convalescent phase. These findings highlight the importance of integrated clinical and laboratory evaluation for early detection and appropriate management of dengue fever.   DOI : 10.35990/amhs.v4n2.p77-86   REFERENCES Syamsir, Daramusseng A. Analisis spasial efektivitas fogging di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Makroman, Kota Samarinda. JNIK. 2018;1(2):1–7. Podung GCD, Tatura SNN, Mantik MFJ. Faktor risiko terjadinya sindroma syok dengue pada demam berdarah dengue. JBM. 2021;13(2):161–166. Ubaidillah, Kurniawan D. Faktor risiko yang mempengaruhi terjadinya kejadian demam berdarah dengue (DBD) di Puskesmas Sewon II Bantul. PHJ. 2020;11(1):7–12. Rahma FA, Rahayu DFS, Prawira LY, Nandini M, Bariyah RA. Faktor risiko aspek lingkungan dan aspek perilaku terhadap kejadian demam berdarah dengue (DBD) di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Sukmajaya, Kota Depok tahun 2022. JoPHJ. 2023;2(3):91–101. Sumampouw OJ. Epidemiologi demam berdarah dengue di Kabupaten Minahasa, Sulawesi Utara. SRJPH. 2020;1(1):1–8. Nanda M, Saragih PA, Nasution DH, Daulay A, Sari DP, Ridho NU. Analisis pengendalian faktor risiko dan vektor kejadian demam berdarah dengue. FJIK. 2023;2(2):111–116. Anggraini DR, Huda S, Agushybana F. Faktor perilaku dengan kejadian demam berdarah dengue (DBD) di daerah endemis Kota Semarang. JIKK. 2021;12(2):344–349. World Health Organization (WHO). Disease outbreak news: Dengue—Global [Internet]. 2024 [diakses 2 Apr 2025]. Tersedia pada: https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2023-DON518 World Health Organization (WHO). Dengue Bulletin [Internet]. 2021 Mar [diakses 2 Apr 2025]. Tersedia pada: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/ISSN0250-8362 Tansil MG, Rampengan NH, Wilar R. Faktor risiko terjadinya kejadian demam berdarah dengue pada anak. JBM. 2021;13(1):90–99. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) dalam angka: data akurat, kebijakan tepat [Internet]. 2023 [diakses 7 Jan 2025]. Tersedia pada: https://kemkes.go.id/id/survei-kesehatan-indonesia-ski-2023 Wila RW, Nusa R. Gambaran klinis dan respon imun penderita demam berdarah dengue di Rumah Sakit Kristen Lindi Mara Sumba Timur selama bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember 2018. BALABA. 2020;16(2):209–216. Indriyani DPR, Gustawan IW. Manifestasi klinis dan penanganan demam berdarah dengue grade 1: sebuah tinjauan pustaka. ISM. 2020;11(3):1015–1019. Ahmad ZF, Mongilong NS, Kadir L, Nurdin SSI, Moo DR. Perbandingan manifestasi klinis penderita demam berdarah. IJPE. 2023;3(1):143–153. Dahlan MS. Besar sampel dan cara pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian kedokteran dan kesehatan. In: Suslia A, editor. Edisi ke-3. Jakarta: Salemba Medika; 2010. p. 155–157. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Pedoman nasional pelayanan kedokteran: tata laksana infeksi dengue anak dan remaja [Internet]. Indonesia: Kemenkes RI; 2021 May 3. Tersedia pada: https://kemkes.go.id/id/pnpk-2021-infeksi-dengue-anak-dan-remaja Prayitno A, Taurel AF, Nealon J, Satari HI, Karyanti MR, Sekartini R, et al. Dengue seroprevalence and force of primary infection in a representative population of urban dwelling Indonesian children. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2017;11(6). Khan MAS, Al Mosabbir A, Raheem E, Ahmed A, Rouf RR, Hasan M, et al. Clinical spectrum and predictors of severity of dengue among children in 2019 outbreak: A multicenter hospital-based study in Bangladesh. BMC Pediatrics. 2021;21(1). Burattini MN, Lopez LF, Coutinho FAB, Siqueira JB, Homsani S, Sarti E, et al. Age and regional differences in clinical presentation and risk of hospitalization for dengue in Brazil, 2000–2014. Clinics. 2016;71(8):455–463. Kumar M, Verma R, Nirjhar S, Singh M. Dengue in children and young adults: A cross-sectional study from the western part of Uttar Pradesh. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2020;9(1):293. Tchuandom SB, Tchadji JC, Tchouangueu TF, Biloa MZ, Atabonkeng EP, Fumba MIM, et al. A cross-sectional study of acute dengue infection in paediatric clinics in Cameroon. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):958. Lee YH, Hsieh YC, Chen CJ, Lin TY, Huang YC. Retrospective seroepidemiology study of dengue virus infection in Taiwan. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2021;21(1). Kesetyaningsih TW. Distribution of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in regards to age and sex in Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. 2019. Zohra T, Din M, Ikram A, Bashir A, Jahangir H, Baloch IS, et al. Demographic and clinical features of dengue fever infection in Pakistan: A cross-sectional epidemiological study. Tropical Diseases, Travel Medicine and Vaccines. 2024;10(1). Taufik A, Hasibuan PA, Putri FD, Wulandari A, Mutika WT, Lisa M. Case series: Angka kematian demam berdarah dengue berdasarkan jenis kelamin di Jawa Barat. Jurnal Kesmas Untika Luwuk: Public Health Journal. 2024;15(2):124–133. Setrkraising K, Kittitrakul C. Gastrointestinal manifestations and prognostic factors for severe dengue in Thai children. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene [Internet]. 2024 [diakses 19 Jul 2025];112(3):642–647. Tersedia pada: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39719114/ Afroze S, Shakur S, Wahab A, Shakur S. Clinical profile of dengue and predictors of its severity among children. American Journal of Pediatrics. 2019;5(4):219. Karyanti MR, Uiterwaal CSPM, Hadinegoro SR, Widyahening IS, Saldi SRF, Heesterbeek JAPH, et al. The value of warning signs from the WHO 2009 dengue classification in detecting severe dengue in children. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 2024;43(7):630–634. Islam S, Khan MAS, Badal MFA, Khan MZI, Gozal D, Hasan MJ. Clinical and hematological profiles of children with dengue residing in a non-endemic zone of Bangladesh. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2022;16(10). Bodinayake CK, Tillekeratne LG, Nagahawatte A, Devasiri V, Kodikara Arachchi W, Strouse JJ, et al. Evaluation of the WHO 2009 classification for diagnosis of acute dengue in a large cohort of adults and children in Sri Lanka during a dengue-1 epidemic. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2018;12(2). Prieto-Torres AE, Medina-Lozano LJ, Ramírez-Ávila JD, Faccini-Martínez ÁA. Utility of VIDAS® dengue diagnostic assays to differentiate primary and secondary dengue infection: A cross-sectional study in a military hospital from Colombia. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease. 2025;10(2). Versiani AF, Kaboré A, Brossault L, Dromenq L, dos Santos TMIL, Milhim BHGA, et al. Performance of VIDAS® diagnostic tests for the automated detection of dengue virus NS1 antigen and of anti-dengue virus IgM and IgG antibodies: A multicentre, international study. Diagnostics. 2023;13(6). Premazzi Papa M, Mendoza-Torres E, Sun P, Encinales L, Goulet J, Defang G, et al. Dengue NS1 antibodies are associated with clearance of viral nonstructural protein-1. Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2024;230(6):e1226–e1234. Anika US, Islam M, Nur Mou FE, Saha M, Deb A, Tui RR, et al. The 2023 dengue outbreak in Bangladesh: Exploring the epidemiology in hospitalized patients. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 2024;110(6):1165–1171. Felix AC, Romano CM, Campos Centrone C, Rodrigues CL, Villas-Boas L, Araújo ES, et al. Low sensitivity of NS1 protein tests evidenced during a dengue type 2 virus outbreak in Santos, Brazil, in 2010. Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. 2012;19(12):1972–1976.
Body mass index and muscle strength in medical students A Ridwan, Apen; H Rachmatdinata, Hedi; F Saputra, Ilham
ACTA Medical Health Sciences Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Acta Medical and Health Sciences
Publisher : ACTA Medical Health Sciences

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Abstract

Body mass index (BMI) is an indicator of nutritional status that affects health and muscle strength. Obesity inhibits adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), thereby reducing endurance, decreasing muscle function, and increasing disease risk. This study aims to determine the relationship between BMI and muscle strength. A cross-sectional analyticalstudy was conducted among preclinical students of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani. BMI, grip strength, and standing long jump performance were measured in all respondents. Data were analyzed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS). The results showed that most students had a normal BMI (50%), indicating good nutritional status. All respondents with overweight and obesity class I and II BMI demonstrated standing long jump results far below the average (100%), while only 7.1% of respondents with normal BMI reached the average category. Most respondents with normal BMI had normal hand strength (57.1%), as did those with obesity class II (83.3%). Statistical analysis using the chi-square test showed no significant relationship between BMI and muscle strength, with pvalues of 0.629 and 0.792. In conclusion, most students had a normal BMI, normal handgrip strength, and low standing long jump performance. There was no significant relationship between BMI and muscle strength.   DOI : 10.35990/amhs.v4n2.p87-93   REFERENCES Nuttall FQ. Body mass index: Obesity, BMI, and health: A critical review. Nutrition Today. 2015;50:117–128. Khanna D, Peltzer C, Kahar P, Parmar MS. Body mass index (BMI): A screening tool analysis. Cureus. 2022;14. Catatan: nomor artikel/e-location & nomor edisi belum dicantumkan (hanya “Feb 11”). Adab P, Pallan M, Whincup PH. Is BMI the best measure of obesity? BMJ. 2018;k1274. Gutin I. In BMI we trust: Reframing the body mass index as a measure of health. Social Theory & Health. 2018;16(3):256–271. Sihombing MRBS, Siregar NP, Ismail WM, Bestari R. Relationship between body mass index and upper and lower limb muscle strength in athletes of Zauzy Taekwondo Club, Binjai. Ibnu Sina: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan (Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara). 2024;23(2):138–144. Zierle-Ghosh A, Jan A. Physiology, body mass index. StatPearls [Internet]. 2023. Tersedia pada: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK535456/ Keevil VL, Luben R, Dalzell N, Hayat S, Sayer AA, Wareham NJ, et al. Cross-sectional associations between different measures of obesity and muscle strength in men and women in a British cohort study. Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging. 2015;19(1):3–11. Bennie JA, Shakespear-Druery J, De Cocker K. Muscle-strengthening exercise epidemiology: A new frontier in chronic disease prevention. Sports Medicine - Open. 2020;6(1):40. Cianferotti L, Brandi ML. Muscle–bone interactions: Basic and clinical aspects. Endocrine. 2014;45(2):165–177. Srinivas-Shankar U, Roberts SA, Connolly MJ, O’Connell MDL, Adams JE, Oldham JA, et al. Effects of testosterone on muscle strength, physical function, body composition, and quality of life in intermediate-frail and frail elderly men: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2010;95(2):639–650. Intan K, Dewi M, Ayu I, Widiastuti E, Ayu AA, Wedayani N. Relationship between body mass index and muscle strength in medical students at Universitas Mataram. Jurnal Kedokteran Unram. 2020;9(1):63–72. Soraya N, Parwanto E. The controversial relationship between body mass index and handgrip strength in the elderly: An overview. Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2023;30(3):73. Lin X, Li H. Obesity: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutics. Frontiers in Endocrinology (Lausanne). 2021;12. Tersedia pada: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8450866/ Núñez-Cortés R, Cruz B del P, Gallardo-Gómez D, Calatayud J, Cruz-Montecinos C, López-Gil JF, et al. Handgrip strength measurement protocols for all-cause and cause-specific mortality outcomes in more than 3 million participants: A systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Clinical Nutrition. 2022;41(11):2473–2489. Castro-Piñero J, Ortega FB, Artero EG, Girela-Rejón MJ, Mora J, Sjöström M, et al. Assessing muscular strength in youth: Usefulness of standing long jump as a general index of muscular fitness. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2010;24(7):1810–1817. Ceschia A, Giacomini S, Santarossa S, Rugo M, Salvadego D, Da Ponte A, et al. Deleterious effects of obesity on physical fitness in pre-pubertal children. European Journal of Sport Science. 2016;16(2):271–278. Krishnan A, Sharma D, Bhatt M, Dixit A, Pradeep P. Comparison between standing broad jump test and Wingate test for assessing lower limb anaerobic power in elite sportsmen. Medical Journal Armed Forces India. 2017;73(2):140–145. Rahman ZA. Reliability, validity, and norm references of standing broad jump. Revista Gestão Inovação e Tecnologias. 2021;11(3):1340–1354. Tomlinson DJ, Erskine RM, Morse CI, Winwood K, Onambélé-Pearson G. The impact of obesity on skeletal muscle strength and structure through adolescence to old age. Biogerontology. 2016;17:467–483. Pasdar Y, Darbandi M, Mirtaher E, Rezaeian S, Najafi F, Hamzeh B. Associations between muscle strength with different measures of obesity and lipid profiles in men and women: Results from RaNCD cohort study. Clinical Nutrition Research [Internet]. 2019;8(2):148. Martínez EJ, Martínez-López M, López L, Torre-Cruz LA, Suárez S, et al. Analysis of the effect size of overweight in muscular strength tests among adolescents: Reference values according to sex, age, and body mass index. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2018;32(5):1404–1414. Thivel D, Ring-Dimitriou S, Weghuber D, Frelut ML, O’Malley G. Muscle strength and fitness in pediatric obesity: A systematic review from the European Childhood Obesity Group. Obesity Facts. 2016;9(1):52–63. Hall JE. Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology. 13th ed. 2018. p. 80. Tallis J, James RS, Seebacher F. The effects of obesity on skeletal muscle contractile function. Journal of Experimental Biology. 2018;221(13). Al-Asadi JN. Handgrip strength in medical students: Correlation with body mass index and hand dimensions. Asian Journal of Medical Sciences [Internet]. 2018;9(1):21–26.
The relationship between maternal personal hygiene and the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers at the cibeureum health center Triningtyas, Anastasia Y; Hidayat, Emma M; Widyaningrum, Beryl E
ACTA Medical Health Sciences Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Acta Medical and Health Sciences
Publisher : ACTA Medical Health Sciences

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Abstract

Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of mortality in children under five years of age. Hygienic living behavior plays a crucial role in preventing the transmission of diarrhea. Maternal behavior is closely associated with the prevention and reduction of diarrhea in toddlers. This study aims to describe and determine the relationship between maternal knowledge, attitudes,and personal hygiene practices and the incidence of diarrhea among toddlers at the Cibeureum Public Health Center, South Cimahi, Indonesia. This study employed an analytical crosssectional design. Data were collected from 70 respondents using a consecutive sampling technique. Information was obtained through structured questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using the chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. The results showed that the majority of mothers demonstrated good levels of knowledge, positive attitudes, and personal hygiene practices. Accordingly, 81.4% of toddlers were reported to rarely experience diarrhea (p-value = 0.22). Statistical analysis indicated no significant relationship between maternal knowledge, attitudes, and personal hygiene practices and the incidence of diarrhea in toddlers. These findings suggest that multiple factors contribute to the occurrence of diarrhea in toddlers. Nevertheless, adequate knowledge, positive attitudes, and personal hygiene practices remain important preventive measures against diarrhea in this population.   DOI: 10.35990/amhs.v4n2.p94-102   REFERENCES Indonesian Pediatric Society (IDAI). Textbook of Gastroenterology–Hepatology. I. Jakarta: Pediatric Gastroenterology–Hepatology Working Group, IDAI; 2009. World Health Organization. The Treatment of Diarrhoea: A Manual for Physicians and Other Senior Health Workers. Geneva: WHO; 2005. World Health Organization. Diarrhoeal disease [Internet]. Tersedia pada:https://www.who.int/newsroom/fact-sheets/detail/diarrhoeal-disease Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. 2022 Performance Report: Directorate of Communicable Disease Prevention and Control. Jakarta: Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia; 2023. Heryanto E, Sarwoko S, Meliyanti F. Risk factors of diarrhea in children under five at UPTD Sukaraya Health Center, OKU District, 2021. Indonesian Journal of Health Medicine. 2022;2:10–21. Sipayung RR, Sinurat LRE, Pardede JA. Improving maternal knowledge in the prevention and management of diarrhea in children under five at Bestari Health Center. Tour Abdimas Journal. 2023;2:1–7. Indrayani M. Correlation between maternal knowledge of personal hygiene and diarrhea incidence in children under five at Imelda Workers General Hospital, Medan, 2020. Journal of Health Medical Science. 2022;1:110–116. Aisyah IS. Analysis of the correlation between hygienic practices and diarrhea incidence: Case of Jagabaya Hamlet. Nusantara Journal of Health and Midwifery. 2024;5(039):6–9. Santri IN, Wardani Y. Environmental risk factors of diarrhea in children under five: A cross-sectional study in Indonesia. Public Health and Preventive Medicine Archive. 2023;11. Indonesian Pediatric Society (IDAI). Digestive problems in children: Causes and solutions [Internet]. Tersedia pada:https://www.idai.or.id/artikel/seputar-kesehatan-anak/masalah-saluran-cerna-anak-penyebab-dan-mengatasinya Lestari F, Azahra H, Neng A, Rizka A, Salma A. Factors associated with diarrhea in infants and toddlers at Diny Nahrudiani Midwifery Clinic, Karacak Village, Leuwiliang Subdistrict, Bogor Regency. Student Scientific Journal and Nursing Research. 2024;9. Amir ETP, Erlani, Ain K. Maternal personal hygiene and diarrhea incidence in children under five at Bajoe Health Center, Bone Regency. Jurnal Sulolipu: Academic and Community Communication Media. 2024;24:296–305. Ningsih SA, Putri DUP, Maritasari DY. Correlation between knowledge, personal hygiene, and diarrhea incidence in children under five. An Idea Health Journal. 2024;4:99–104. Simamora DN, Sihite H, Ogi MP. Correlation between maternal knowledge and attitudes on hygiene in preventing diarrhea in children under five at Pakkat Toruan Village, Doloksanggul Subdistrict, Humbang Hasundutan Regency, 2024. Jurnal Medika Kesehatan Baru Doloksanggul. 2024;2. Aghadiati F, Setyarsih L, Merlisia M, Simatupang YM. Correlation between personal hygiene and diarrhea incidence in children under five at Aur Duri Health Center, Jambi City. Bahana Journal of Public Health. 2023;6:10–14. Utama SYA, Inayati A, Sugiarto S. Association between family latrine conditions and clean water facilities with diarrhea in children under five in Arosbaya Health Center, Bangkalan. Dinamika Kesehatan: Midwifery and Nursing Journal. 2019;2:820–832. Maternal behavior in diarrhea prevention and its association with diarrhea incidence in toddlers aged 1–3 years at Mitra Medika Hospital. Community Health Journal. 2021;3:52–63. Widhiastiti IAMU, Nyoman S, Wayan S, Ayu MA. Correlation between maternal knowledge, attitude, and practices with diarrhea incidence in children under five at Bungaya Village, 2023. Journal of Environmental Health. 2023;2. Hermanita Y, Dian RA, Raja FL, Agnita U. Maternal attitudes in managing diarrhea in children under five. Journal of Public Health Sciences. Nurwahidah S, Prajayanti ED. Overview of maternal personal hygiene and its relation to diarrhea in children under five at Mliwis Village, Cepogo Subdistrict, Boyolali Regency. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan Mandira Cendikia. 2023;2:358–359. Cantika C, Mita, Yoga P, Ali M, Faisal KF. Maternal knowledge and attitudes regarding diarrhea in children under five in North Pontianak Subdistrict. BSI Nursing Journal. 2024;2. Noviyanti, F Siti. Correlation study of maternal personal hygiene and diarrhea in children under five in Surakarta City. Aisyiyah Surakarta Journal of Nursing.  

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