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Puspawan Hariadi
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Sinteza
Published by Universitas Hamzanwadi
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27978133     DOI : https://doi.org/10.29408/sinteza
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology
Sinteza, ISSN (online) 2797-8133, is a peer-reviewed journal in pharmacy. Established 2021, the journal is an open access of published articles to support greater exposure of scientific knowledge. Sinteza published online twice a year by Faculty of Health, Universitas hamzanwadi. Sinteza accepts various fields of research in pharmacy including community and clinical pharmacy, pharmaceutics, pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, pharmaceutical chemistry, and pharmaceutical biology. Manuscript accepted in Sinteza written in both Bahasa Indonesia and English
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Farmasi
Articles 69 Documents
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Formulasi Pil Kunyit (Curcuma Longa L.) Kombinasi Sari Jeruk Limau Kuit (Citrus Hystrix Dc.) Sebagai Antioksidan Shesanthi Citrariana; Muhammad Priyadi; Defilia Anograh R; Sudarman Rahmman; Yahya Febrianto; Ahmad Irawan; Franz June N; Shavira Elphasa H; Allaya Adistia P
Sinteza Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v6i1.32965

Abstract

Turmeric contains the active compound curcumin, which has been studied for its various biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory properties. Kaffir lime is a plant commonly found on the island of Borneo and is used in traditional medicine and culinary flavors. Kaffir lime fruit and leaves contain various bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids (hesperidin, naringenin), essential oils (citronellal, limonene), and vitamin C. Flavonoids are known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that can boost the immune system. Pills are one of the oldest dosage forms in the pharmaceutical world and are still relevant, especially for herbal preparations due to their ease of manufacture and stability. This study aims to formulate pill preparations by combining turmeric and lime juice. The method used is wet granulation to make pills with varying turmeric concentrations, namely F1 0.26% and F2 0.52% using polyvinyl alcohol as a binder. Physical evaluations include water content, weight uniformity, pH, and disintegration time tests. The pills were then tested for antioxidant activity against DPPH. The results showed that the water content of F1 pills was 4.06% and F2 pills 3.75%, pill weight uniformity with RSD value criteria of F1 was 0.21% and F2 pills 3.40%, the average pH of F1 was 6.32 and F2 pills 6.22, and the disintegration time of F1 was 30 minutes and F2 pills 8.26 minutes. The results of the antioxidant activity of the pill preparations showed that the F1 IC50 was 6.36 ppm and the F2 IC50 was 5.53 ppm. From the results obtained, it can be concluded that F2 pill preparations have good physical properties and potential antioxidant activity.
What Solvent is Actually the Best for Extracting Andrographolide? – Computational Evaluation of the Atomic Behavior in Different Solvent Models Arif Setiawansyah; Khairunnisa Khairunnisa; Mayaranti Wilsya
Sinteza Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v6i1.33127

Abstract

Andrographolide, a bioactive diterpenoid lactone from Andrographis paniculata, exhibits significant anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties, making solvent selection critical for optimizing extraction efficiency while preserving bioactivity. This study aimed to identify the optimal solvent for andrographolide extraction through computational evaluation of solvation thermodynamics and electronic properties using density functional theory. Geometry optimization and solvation calculations were performed at the B3LYP/def2-SVP level using the Conductor-like Polarizable Continuum Model (CPCM) in ORCA version 6.0.1 across twelve solvent systems including water, alcohols, aprotic solvents, and non-polar media. Molecular properties including solvation free energy, frontier molecular orbitals, global chemical reactivity descriptors, dipole moment, atomic charge distribution, molecular electrostatic potential, and infrared spectra were systematically analyzed. Results demonstrated that water exhibited the most favorable solvation free energy at -76.64 kJ/mol, superior to all other examined solvents including acetonitrile (-75.30 kJ/mol), methanol (-75.05 kJ/mol), and significantly better than hexane (-33.52 kJ/mol). Water induces optimal dipole moment enhancement to 1.253 Debye while maintaining stable HOMO-LUMO energy gap of 5.009 eV and consistent global reactivity descriptors, confirming preservation of intrinsic chemical properties and bioactivity. Infrared spectroscopic analysis revealed complete structural integrity in aqueous environment. This computational study establishes water as the superior extraction medium for andrographolide based on exceptional thermodynamic favorability, optimal electronic stabilization, maintained molecular stability, and practical advantages including non-toxicity and environmental sustainability.
Evaluasi Tablet Effervescent Curcuma longa dan Tamarindus indica: Sifat Fisik, Analgesik, dan Toksisitas Akut Farah Widya Kautsari; Maulida Rahmawati Emha
Sinteza Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v6i1.33296

Abstract

Dysmenorrhea was a common complaint among adolescent women and was often treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), although long-term NSAID use could cause adverse effects. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) and tamarind (Tamarindus indica) had traditionally been used in Indonesia as the “kunyit-asam” herbal preparation due to their anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities. However, traditional herbal drinks such as jamu godhog had several limitations, including inconsistent dosing and low stability, which supported the need for developing modern dosage forms like effervescent tablets. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the physical quality and pharmacological activity of kunyit-asam effervescent tablets in three variations of turmeric extract concentrations, namely 250 mg, 500 mg, and 750 mg. The physical evaluations included organoleptic testing, weight uniformity, tablet hardness, and dissolution time, while pharmacological evaluations consisted of analgesic activity using the writhing test in male mice and acute toxicity testing to assess safety. The results showed that all three formulations met the required physical quality parameters. Analgesic testing indicated that doses of 2.6 mg/20 g BW and 3.9 mg/20 g BW produced analgesic effects comparable to paracetamol. Acute toxicity testing demonstrated that no mortality occurred in any treatment group. Overall, the developed kunyit-asam effervescent tablets exhibited good physical quality, were safe, and demonstrated potential as a modern herbal alternative for pain relief.
Pharmacological Insight Among Medical Students and Implications for Practice Ethics Achdi Kurnia
Sinteza Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): August
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v6i2.33425

Abstract

This cross-sectional quantitative study aims to analyse the level of pharmacological knowledge among medical students and to examine its association with reduced potential violations in medical practice. The study involved 105 active students from the Medical Education Study Program at Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr HAMKA (UHAMKA) and used a Likert-scale questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and simple linear regression. The results show a statistically significant moderate association between pharmacological knowledge and the reduction of potential violations. These findings suggest that pharmacological knowledge is related to safer self-reported practices among medical students. Nevertheless, this study has several limitations, including reliance on self-reported data, a single-institution sample, and the lack of a fully validated instrument to measure potential violations. Therefore, the results reflect statistical association rather than causation. Future studies are recommended to use larger, multicentre samples, validated measurement tools, and more robust analytical approaches to understand better the relationship between pharmacological knowledge and safe medical practice.
Aktivitas Antibakteri Senyawa Sekunder dari Penicillium citrinum DSP 16 yang Diisolasi dari Daun Sesuvium portulacastrum di Pulau Lombok Safwan Safwan; Baiq Desti Isnanda Maolia; Yuli Fitriana; Abdul Rahman Wahid; Widayatul Khairi
Sinteza Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): August
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v6i2.33930

Abstract

The discovery of novel antibacterial compounds from natural sources remains a significant focus in drug development, especially with the growing issue of bacterial resistance to existing antibiotics. One promising approach involves the exploration of endophytic fungi that form symbiotic relationships with plants. This study aimed to isolate and cultivate Penicillium citrinum DSP 16, obtain a crude ethyl acetate extract from solid-state fermentation, profile the extract by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and assess antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using the disk diffusion method. The crude extract produced inhibition zones of 15.2 mm against E. coli and 17.0 mm against S. aureus, indicating strong activity. TLC revealed multiple spots under UV 254/366 nm, suggesting a mixture of secondary metabolites. These findings support P. citrinum DSP 16 as a promising natural source of antibacterial agents and highlight the value of exploring endophytic fungi from halophytic coastal plants.
Pengaruh Edukasi Kesehatan terhadap Penggunaan Dexamethasone dan Cyproheptadine sebagai Penambah Nafsu Makan pada Remaja Fitriwati Sovia; Putri Ayu Rizqi; Erma Ewisa Oktresia
Sinteza Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): August
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v6i2.34056

Abstract

Inappropriate use of prescription drugs for non-medical purposes remains a public health concern among adolescents, particularly the use of dexamethasone and cyproheptadine as appetite stimulants. These drugs pose potential health risks when used without proper medical supervision. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of health education on adolescents’ knowledge and attitudes regarding the use of dexamethasone and cyproheptadine as appetite enhancers. A quantitative quasi-experimental study with a one-group pretest–posttest design was conducted among 30 adolescents aged 14–19 years in Aikmel Village, East Lombok, Indonesia, who had previously used or were currently using these drugs for appetite stimulation. Health education was delivered through lectures supported by leaflets containing information on drug indications, side effects, and rational use. Knowledge and attitude were measured using validated and reliable questionnaires before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The results showed a significant increase in knowledge scores from a median of 2 (range 2–5) at pretest to 9 (range 7–10) at posttest (p < 0.001). Attitude scores also significantly improved from a median of 23 (range 20–25) to 39 (range 37–40) after the intervention (p < 0.001). These findings indicate that health education using lectures and leaflets effectively improves adolescents’ understanding and attitudes toward rational drug use. In conclusion, structured health education significantly enhances knowledge and promotes more appropriate attitudes regarding the use of dexamethasone and cyproheptadine, suggesting its potential as a preventive strategy to reduce irrational drug use among adolescents.
Pengaruh Ukuran Partikel Simplisia Daun Rhizophora mucronata terhadap Profil FTIR yang Dikombinasi dengan Kemometrik Lina Permatasari; Neneng Rachmalia Izzatul Mukhlishah; Legis Ocktaviana Saputri; Selvira Anandia Intan Maulidya; Alfini Junaida; Risma Fitriani; Dzakiyyah Sulthanah Ahmad; Nisa Isnaini
Sinteza Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): August
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v6i2.34383

Abstract

Rhizophora mucronata leaves contain various secondary metabolites that contribute to several pharmacological activities. The extraction efficiency and metabolite composition can be influenced by several factors, including the particle size of plant materials. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of particle size of R. mucronata leaves on their secondary metabolite composition using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis. Dried leaves were ground and sieved into different particle sizes (4000 μm, 2000 μm, 500 μm, 177 μm, and 105 μm) using mesh sizes 5, 10, 35, 80, and 140. Each sample was extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) using 96% ethanol. The chemical profiles of the extracts were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy. The dominant wavenumbers were further evaluated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA). The results showed that smaller particle sizes produced higher extraction yields. FTIR spectra revealed the presence of functional groups including O–H, C=O, C–O, and aromatic groups. Biplot on PCA indicated that O–H and C=O functional groups strongly influenced samples with particle sizes of 500 µm and 105 µm. The score plot classified the five samples into three groups: 105 µm and 500 µm (Group I), 2000 µm and 4000 µm (Group II), and 177 µm (Group III). Meanwhile HCA revealed high similarity (79.49%) between the 105 µm and 500 µm samples, while the sample 4000 µm and 105 µm  showed low similarity (24.50%). These findings indicate that particle size significantly influences the composition of extracted secondary metabolites.
Karakteristik Sosiodemografi dan Klinis Pasien Osteoarthritis pada Berbagai Tingkat Keparahan Berdasarkan Klasifikasi Kellgren-Lawrence Muhammad Nuh; Endang Darmawan; Sugiyarto Surono; Abdul Fadlil; Adnan Adnan
Sinteza Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): August
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v6i2.35895

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease, and its severity is commonly assessed using the Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) classification. Understanding patient characteristics across different severity levels is essential to support clinical evaluation and optimize patient management. This study aimed to analyze the sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of patients with OA according to KL severity. A retrospective analytical observational study was conducted using the medical records of 1,124 patients diagnosed with OA at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia, between January 2020 and January 2025. Sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected from electronic medical records. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient characteristics, while differences across KL severity levels were analyzed using the Chi-square test with a significance level of p<0.05. Significant differences in OA severity were observed according to age and body mass index (p<0.05), whereas sex was not significantly associated with KL severity (p>0.05). Clinical characteristics, including OA type, comorbidity status, number and type of comorbidities, and pain intensity, differed significantly across KL grades (all p<0.05). Laboratory parameters, including blood pressure, blood glucose, renal function, and lipid profile, also demonstrated significant differences according to OA severity (all p<0.05). These findings indicate that OA severity is associated with distinct sociodemographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics, providing valuable evidence to support risk stratification, clinical assessment, and individualized management of patients with OA.
Gambaran Penggunaan Obat Bahan Alam dan Potensi Interaksinya pada Pasien Hipertensi dan Diabetes Melitus Peserta PROLANIS di Kota Yogyakarta Artha Woro Utami; Trilestari Trilestari; Ismiyati Ismiyati; Gita Mayasari; Muhammad Senoaji Wibowo; Restu Istya Ambari Putra; Rygyna Selkly Prihatin; Senlia Nur Eka Saputri; Sherly Amelia; Triyani Triyani
Sinteza Vol. 6 No. 2 (2026): August
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v6i2.36112

Abstract

Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are the non-communicable diseases with the highest prevalence in the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The use of herbal medicines (obat bahan alam, OBA) as complementary therapy has grown among chronic disease patients, including in Program Pengelolaan Penyakit Kronis (PROLANIS) participants, yet OBA profiles and their potential drug interactions remain poorly characterized in this population. This study described OBA use profiles among hypertensive and diabetic PROLANIS participants at primary health centers in Yogyakarta City. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at five primary health centers (Puskesmas) in Yogyakarta City from January to May 2025. A total of 160 respondents (hypertension n=115, diabetes mellitus n=45) were enrolled through consecutive sampling, and data were collected via structured face-to-face interviews and analyzed descriptively. Respondents were predominantly female (70.0%), aged 65 years or older (48.8%), and housewives (52.5%). In the hypertension group, the most commonly used OBAs were kunyit asam (28.7%), beras kencur (20.9%), and ginger (20.0%); in the diabetes mellitus group, kunyit asam (26.7%), turmeric (22.2%), and jahe (20.0%) predominated. Most OBAs were taken as liquid preparations (80.0%), sourced from tukang jamu (45.0%) or prepared at home (44.4%). Friends and relatives were the primary information source (68.1%), while only 3.1% of respondents received information from healthcare providers. Cross-tabulation of the 47 respondents currently using OBA revealed amlodipine combined with kunyit (turmeric) as the most frequent drug-herb combination, with pharmacokinetic interaction potential via CYP3A4 inhibition. Perceived therapeutic benefit was reported by 75.6% of respondents, and 77.5% intended to continue using OBA. OBA use is widespread among PROLANIS participants, and combinations carrying pharmacokinetic interaction risk, notably kunyit with amlodipine or angiotensin receptor blockers, and hypoglycemic OBAs with sulfonylureas and insulin, warrant systematic monitoring. Pharmacist-led OBA counselling at primary health facilities should be strengthened.

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