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Sinteza
Published by Universitas Hamzanwadi
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27978133     DOI : https://doi.org/10.29408/sinteza
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Medicine & Pharmacology
Sinteza, ISSN (online) 2797-8133, is a peer-reviewed journal in pharmacy. Established 2021, the journal is an open access of published articles to support greater exposure of scientific knowledge. Sinteza published online twice a year by Faculty of Health, Universitas hamzanwadi. Sinteza accepts various fields of research in pharmacy including community and clinical pharmacy, pharmaceutics, pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, pharmaceutical chemistry, and pharmaceutical biology. Manuscript accepted in Sinteza written in both Bahasa Indonesia and English
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Farmasi
Articles 63 Documents
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Bioactive Compound Profiling of Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Leaves using Liquid Chromatography High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) Deni Setiawan; Samsul Hadi; Nur Mahdi; Nurul Mardiati; Normaidah; Nabila Hadiah Akbar; Muhammad Rasyid Ridha; Fitri Apriliany
Sinteza Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v5i2.30147

Abstract

Oil palm leaves could yield various health benefits, potentially leading to innovative applications in natural remedies, supplements, and dietary products. Targeted extraction and sophisticated analytical methods have become necessary for investigating bioactive compounds in plant materials. The combination of liquid chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS) makes for a potent technique for analyzing a wide range of metabolites, allowing for the precise and sensitive identification of various plant compounds. This investigation aimed to examine the active compounds in the ethyl acetate fraction of Elaeis guineensis leaves using LC–HRMS to identify potential new avenues for drug research. The simplicia was extracted by completely immersing 500 g of granules in acetone for three days. The crude extract was fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol solvents to separate components according to their polarity. The ethyl acetate part was analyzed using LC–HRMS with specific settings, including a temperature of 30°C and a gas flow rate of 11.01 L/min. The extract yield from dense oil palm leaves was 32.5 g, equivalent to 6.5%. Subsequently, the components were separated by fractionating the complete yield. The n-hexane fraction yield was 7.085 g or 21.83%, the ethyl acetate fraction yield was 3.38 g or 10.4%, the n-butanol fraction yield was 8.84 g or 27.2%, and the remaining fraction yield was 3.93 g or 12.1%. In conclusion, oil palm leaves are a prospective source of zingerol compounds, suggesting potential to be used as an alternative to rhizomes.
Sifat Fisik Sediaan Masker Gel Peel-Off Ekstrak Kulit Mentimun (Cucumis sativus. L) Ari Wahyudi; Yuli Nurullaili Efendi; Titi Nurul Hidayah
Sinteza Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v5i2.30213

Abstract

Cucumber peel (Cucumis sativus L.), often considered an agricultural waste, contains significant levels of flavonoids with antioxidant properties that can prevent premature skin aging. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the physical properties of peel-off gel masks made from cucumber peel extract in three different concentrations: F1 (0.5%), F2 (1%), and F3 (1.5%). This study was conducted experimentally. The extracts were obtained through maceration using 96% ethanol and incorporated into the Peel-Off mask formulations. The physical quality of the mask formulations was assessed through organoleptic evaluation, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesion, pH, and drying time tests. The results showed that all formulations met the desired criteria. All three formulations showed consistent color, aroma, and viscosity for up to four weeks. The homogeneity test ensured uniform distribution of ingredients without visible lumps. Spreadability values ​​ranged from 5.2 to 5.3 cm, within the optimal range of 5–7 cm. The pH value of all formulations was 6, which is within the safe range for skin application. Adhesion tests showed increased adhesion time with higher extract concentrations, ranging from 15.3 to 17.3 seconds. Drying times for all formulas were within the acceptable range of 15–30 minutes. In conclusion, the peel-off gel masks formulated with cucumber peel extract exhibited suitable physical characteristics and potential for practical cosmetic use, with F3 offering slightly superior performance in some parameters.
Pengembangan Yogurt Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) menggunakan Pemanis dan Penstabil: Studi Sensoris dan Fisikokimia Indah Aprianti; Robby Najini
Sinteza Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v5i2.30877

Abstract

Yogurt is a fermented dairy product typically produced using lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. It is widely recognized for its health benefits, particularly in supporting gut microbiota balance. In recent years, incorporating natural ingredients into yogurt formulations has gained increasing attention, as consumers seek functional foods with added health value. One such ingredient is telang flower, which has been recognized for its richness in antioxidants and anthocyanins. Moreover, it contains polyphenolic compounds like catechins, which are associated with improved metabolic activity and increased fat oxidation, potentially supporting weight control. Ongoing innovations in yogurt development aim to enhance its flavor, texture, and stability, often by incorporating sweeteners and thickening agents. This study aimed to evaluate the sensory properties and consumer acceptability of telang flower yogurt formulated with varying concentrations of natural sweetener (honey) and thickening agent/stabilizer (carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC), and to characterize the physical and chemical attributes of the optimum formula. Four formulations were developed using different concentrations of honey (0%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) and CMC (0%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%). Formulation FIV, consisting of 20% honey and 2% CMC, achieved the highest level of preference among all tested variants. A vibrant purple color, dense texture, pleasantly acidic aroma, and well-balanced sweetness contributed to its superior sensory profile. This formula exhibited favorable physicochemical characteristics, with a pH of 4.34 and a viscosity of 1910 cP. Increasing honey and CMC concentrations were found to improve both consumer acceptability and the overall sensory.
Evaluasi Perilaku Tenaga Vokasi Farmasi dalam Pemberian Informasi Obat di Apotek Jaringan X Se-Kota Pekanbaru Periode 2023-2024 Fina Aryani; Septia Vanisa; Septi Muharni; Tiara Triagustini
Sinteza Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v5i2.30967

Abstract

Providing drug information is a crucial component in pharmaceutical services that aim to ensure the safe and rational use of medications. However, the practice of providing information by pharmacy technicians in pharmacies is often not optimal, especially in educational aspects related to patient safety. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the behavior of pharmacy technicians in providing drug information to patients at X Network Pharmacies in Pekanbaru City. This research is a quantitative descriptive study with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 32 pharmaceutical technicians became respondents, selected through a total sampling method. Data were collected using a structured observation sheet that included 15 indicators of drug information provision. Data were analyzed descriptively and presented in the form of a frequency distribution and a percentage. The results showed that the behavior of providing drug information by pharmaceutical technicians was still relatively low. Most of them only provided basic information, such as the name of the drug (78.12%), the time of consumption (71.87%), and instructions on how to use the drug (65.62%). Meanwhile, important information such as side effects, drug interactions, storage methods, and compliance with the use of drugs is almost not conveyed at all (≤10%). The behavior of pharmaceutical technicians in providing drug information still falls short of ideal pharmaceutical service standards. Continuous training, strict adherence to Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), and supervision by the pharmacist-in-charge are necessary to enhance service quality and patient protection.
Formulasi Mouthwash Kulit Jeruk Pontianak (Citrus nobilis Lour. Var. microcarpa) dan Uji Aktivitas terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus mutans Meri Ropiqa; Hadi Kurniawan; Sabila Mayesa
Sinteza Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): August
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v5i2.31603

Abstract

Preserving dental and oral hygiene is essential to maintain the overall function of the oral cavity. Essential oil extracted from Pontianak orange peel shows potential as a safe and effective component for oral healthcare when incorporated into a mouthwash formulation. This research was conducted to evaluate the potential of Pontianak orange peel essential oil as an antibacterial mouthwash effective against Streptococcus mutans. The study was conducted by formulating mouthwash preparations using different concentrations of Pontianak orange peel essential oil: 3%, 4%, and 5%, followed by evaluation of physical properties including organoleptic characteristics, homogenity, pH level, sedimentation, specific gravity, and viscosity. The antibacterial properties were tested using  the disc diffusion method.The physical evaluation results showed that the mouthwash had a sweet taste, green color, a citrus peel aroma with a hint of mint; it was homogeneous, with no sedimentation; had a pH value ranging from 5.13 ± 0.02 to 5.25 ± 0.02; specific gravity ranging from 0.9968 ± 0.06 to 1.0424 ± 0.00 g/ml; and viscosity ranging from 1.717 ± 0.02 to 1.920 ± 0.01mPa.s. All formulations met the physical property requirements of a good mouthwash to ensure comfort during use. The largest inhibition zone was observed at the highest essential oil concentration (5%), with a diameter of 8.04 ± 1.05 mm, which falls under the category of moderate antibacterial activity. This study indicates that a mouthwash containing 5% Pontianak orange peel essential oil is effective in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans.
Skrining Fitokimia dan Penetapan Kadar Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Biji Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) asal Lampung Barat Handayani, Kiki Yuli; Setiawan, Rudi; Capah, Agitha Casanova; Putri, Natasya Armelia; Prayuda, Peggy Ivana; Fitria, Suci
Sinteza Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v6i1.31794

Abstract

Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) is one of Indonesia’s leading agricultural commodities, with West Lampung serving as a major production center. Besides its economic significance, robusta coffee has garnered scientific attention due to its potential as a source of bioactive compounds. Among these, flavonoids stand out for their well-documented antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging properties, making them highly relevant for applications in cosmetic and personal care products, particularly in hair care formulations. Flavonoids are known to play a crucial role in maintaining scalp health, preventing oxidative damage to hair follicles, and promoting overall hair vitality. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical profile and quantify the total flavonoid content in Coffea canephora bean extract originating from West Lampung. Phytochemical screening was conducted qualitatively to detect the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids. For the quantification of total flavonoid content, a UV-Visible spectrophotometric method was employed, using quercetin as the standard reference compound. The extract was first macerated with 96% ethanol, followed by filtration and evaporation to obtain a concentrated sample. The results revealed the presence of key bioactive compounds, including tannins, saponins, and notably, flavonoids. The total flavonoid content was found to be 784 mg QE/g extract. These findings support the potential utilization of Coffea canephora from West Lampung as a functional raw material in cosmetic formulations, particularly for hair care products aimed at protecting against oxidative stress and enhancing scalp and hair health. Further studies are recommended to explore the extract’s mechanism of action and its compatibility in cosmetic bases.
Pengaruh Faktor Risiko terhadap Efek Samping Hipotensi Ortostatik pada Pasien Hipertensi dengan Komorbid Diabetes Mellitus Utami, Primanitha Ria; Pratiwi, Elasari Dwi; Ayuning Tiyas, Danur Sukma
Sinteza Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v6i1.31990

Abstract

Orthostatic hypotension is a common side effect of antihypertensive therapy that can lead to serious outcomes such as falls, injuries, and death. The risk increases in patients with comorbidities like diabetes mellitus, which affect autonomic regulation and often require multiple medications (polypharmacy). This study aimed to assess the influence of risk factors gender, age, duration of use, body mass index, and polypharmacy on the incidence of orthostatic hypotension in hypertensive patients with comorbidities at the Lamongan District Health Center. Using a cross-sectional design, 78 Prolanis program participants were observed from January to March 2025. Data were collected through direct observation, medical records, and the Naranjo algorithm questionnaire, then analyzed with Spearman Rank correlation. Results showed that most respondents experienced possible (41.03%) to very certain (39.74%) side effects of orthostatic hypotension linked to antihypertensive use. Age (ρ=0.698; p=0.000), gender (ρ=0.308; p=0.006), and polypharmacy (ρ=0.277; p=0.014) were significantly associated with orthostatic hypotension, with age as the strongest factor. Duration of use (ρ=0.122; p=0.287) and body mass index (ρ=−0.006; p=0.961) showed no significant correlation. These findings highlight the need for heightened vigilance in elderly patients and those on multiple medications to prevent orthostatic hypotension. Further studies with larger samples and longer follow-up are recommended. Educating patients on proper medication use is crucial to reduce adverse effects.
Perbandingan Metode Ekstraksi terhadap Kadar Flavonoid dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pulai (Alstonia scholaris) dengan Metode 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) Wahyuningsih, Sri; Sari, Nur Indah; Wahid, Hilmiati; Azima, Azima
Sinteza Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v6i1.31992

Abstract

Pulai leaves (Alstonia scholaris) are known to contain various secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, so the choice of extraction method is a factor that affects the quality and quantity of bioactive compounds produced. This study aims to compare the total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of pulai leaves obtained through two different extraction methods, namely maceration and reflux. This study is a laboratory experimental study using 96% ethanol solvent in both extraction methods. The flavonoid content was determined quantitatively using UV-Vis spectrophotometry with quercetin as the standard. The antioxidant activity test was performed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) method based on the IC50 value. The results showed that the extract obtained using the reflux method had a higher flavonoid content of 17.11±0.03 mgQE/g and an IC50 value of 7.84±0.02 ppm, while the maceration method produced a flavonoid content of 8.42±0.02 mgQE/g and an IC50 value of 12.53±0.17 ppm. As a positive control, vitamin C had an IC50 value of 5.26±0.08 ppm. Based on these results, the extraction of pulai leaves (Alstonia scholaris) using the reflux method proved to be more effective in extracting flavonoid compounds and had higher antioxidant activity compared to the maceration method.
Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Mouthwash Fraksi Metanol Daun Seledri (Apium graveolens L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Streptococcus mutans Penyebab Karies Gigi Zulhijjati, Mirzalina; Yuliana, Tri Puspita; Fatmayanti, Baiq Risma; Oktresia, Erma Ewisa
Sinteza Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v6i1.31994

Abstract

Streptococcus mutans is a bacterium found in the human oral cavity and is the primary cause of tooth decay. The effects of Streptococcus mutans bacteria can be eliminated with mouthwash formulated with natural ingredients, one of which is celery leaves, which are known to have antibacterial properties against the growth of Streptococcus mutans. The purpose of this study was to determine the best concentration of a mouthwash formulation using the methanol fraction of celery leaves based on the results of the physical properties evaluation test and to determine the antibacterial activity of a mouthwash formulation using the methanol fraction of celery leaves in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus mutans bacteria. This study was a quantitative study using a laboratory experimental method with a posttest-only control group design. This study is a quantitative study using a laboratory experiment method with a posttest-only control group design by observing the area of ​​the inhibition zone as the dependent variable. The area of ​​the inhibition zone of each formula was compared with the control using the ANOVA test. The results of the physical properties evaluation test, including ogrnanoleptic tests, pH tests, homogeneity tests, specific gravity tests, and cycling tests, met the requirements for good physical quality. The highest antibacterial activity results were found in formula III with a concentration of 1.5% celery leaf methanol fraction with an average inhibitory power of 23.63 mm with a Very Strong category.
Pengaruh Lokasi Tumbuh terhadap Perbedaan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Metanol Daging Buah Kepundung (Baccaurea racemosa (Reinw. ex Blume) Müll. Arg.) Permatasari, Lina; Aulia Rahmah, Diyani
Sinteza Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): February
Publisher : Universitas Hamzanwadi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29408/sinteza.v6i1.32122

Abstract

Excessive exposure to free radicals can potentially trigger degenerative diseases in the body. Therefore, antioxidant compounds are required to inhibit free radical reactions. Several antioxidant compounds can be naturally obtained from plants. Kepundung fruit (Baccaurea racemosa (Reinw. ex Blume) Müll. Arg.) is one of the fruits reported to contain bioactive compounds with potential antioxidant properties. However, the study about the effect of different growing locations on the antioxidant activity of kepundung fruit pulp has never been conducted before. This study aimed to determine the influence of growing location on the antioxidant activity of kepundung fruit pulp from two regions, Lombok and Banyuwangi. Kepundung fruit samples from both locations were extracted with methanol p.a. using the maceration method. The antioxidant activity of each sample was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, with quercetin as the positive control. The IC₅₀ values of quercetin and the samples from both locations were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA with a significance level of P < 0.05.The results showed that the IC₅₀ values of the methanol extract of kepundung fruit pulp from Lombok (EMBKL) and Banyuwangi (EMBKB) were 387.53 ± 2.67 µg/mL and 425.17 ± 16.98 µg/mL, respectively. A lower IC₅₀ value indicates higher antioxidant activity; thus, the extract from Lombok exhibited greater antioxidant activity. However, statistical analysis revealed that the antioxidant activity values of the two samples were not significantly different. Therefore, the growing locations of both samples likely share similar environmental conditions.

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