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Equalegum International Law Journal
Published by Syntific Publisher
ISSN : -     EISSN : 29860873     DOI : -
Core Subject : Humanities, Social,
Humanities Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences
EQUALEGUM International Law Journal uses open access policy and EQUALEGUM International Law Journal is a peer-reviewed journal with the scope of law sciences, such as law, economic law, business law, trading law, and development of law. The list of article types and their respective formats are Original Article, Community Service Article, Literature Review, Systematic Review, Case Series, Commentary, and Letters to Editors. The aim of the journal is to communicate articles from research and community service cooperated with professional law.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Hukum
Articles 60 Documents
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IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SOCIALIZATION OF BASIC AGRARIAN LAW IN THE LAND REGISTRATION PROCESS AT THE VILLAGE LEVEL Rahmawati, Rahmawati; Afiyah, Siti; Bagus, Salahudin Serba; Sundari, Ariefah
EQUALEGUM International Law Journal Volume 3, Issue 3, 2025
Publisher : SYNTIFIC

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61543/equ.v3i3.141

Abstract

Background. The issue of agrarian reform in Indonesia has long been a central theme in the country’s legal, political, and social development. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the amended Basic Agrarian Law in the land registration process at the village level, particularly in Ngarum Village, Lamongan, and to evaluate the effectiveness of socialization programs in improving community legal awareness regarding land registration. Research method. Employing a qualitative socio-legal approach, the research explores how legal norms interact with local institutions and community practices. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and legal document analysis. Findings. The implementation of land registration under Law Number 14 of 2024 still encounters obstacles such as limited community legal awareness, weak village administrative capacity, and the lack of data integration with land agencies. Nevertheless, supporting factors such as improved public interest in land certification and the strategic role of village leaders have been identified. The evaluation of socialization activities indicates a significant increase in awareness levels, although this improvement does not always translate into actual registration practices due to structural and cultural barriers. The analysis highlights a gap between the legal framework and its implementation, emphasizing the need for strengthening institutional capacity and enhancing community legal education. Conclusion. Successful implementation requires multidimensional strategies that involve legal, institutional, cultural, and technological support tailored to rural contexts.
THE AUTHORITY OF ADMINISTRATIVE COURTS IN VILLAGE HEAD ELECTION DISPUTES Wahyudin, Wahyudin; Afiyah, Siti; Bagus, Salahudin Serba; Sundari, Ariefah
EQUALEGUM International Law Journal Volume 3, Issue 3, 2025
Publisher : SYNTIFIC

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61543/equ.v3i3.142

Abstract

Background. Although village elections are inherently political, they also entail administrative dimensions subject to legal scrutiny, particularly regarding the regent’s decree confirming election results. The absence of a consistent legal interpretation has generated uncertainty within administrative judicial practice. This study examines the jurisdictional authority of the State Administrative Court (PTUN) in adjudicating village head election disputes, using the case of Ngarum Village, Lamongan Regency, as a focal point. Research Method. Employing a normative-empirical legal approach, this study integrates doctrinal analysis of administrative law and statutory frameworks with empirical observations of PTUN Surabaya’s handling of election disputes. Findings. The research identifies significant judicial inconsistency across PTUN jurisdictions in classifying regents’ decrees; some deem them political acts, while others recognize them as administrative decisions open to judicial review. Such divergence undermines legal certainty and equitable access to justice. Conclusion. PTUN possesses legitimate authority when a regent’s decree fulfills the characteristics of an administrative decision. Institutional reinforcement and uniform judicial guidelines are imperative to enhance accountability, ensure procedural fairness, and strengthen democratic governance at the local level.
COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL DISTRIBUTION IN THE DIGITAL ERA Surya, Ruswiati; Irianto, Bambang Sugeng
EQUALEGUM International Law Journal Volume 3, Issue 3, 2025
Publisher : SYNTIFIC

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61543/equ.v3i3.159

Abstract

Background. The rise of digital technology has significantly transformed the global economy, particularly influencing the distribution systems for goods and services. In Indonesia, national distribution is vital for ensuring price stability and accessible goods across various regions. The digital era presents new possibilities through e-commerce, smart logistics, and data integration, which enhance speed, transparency, and efficiency in distribution. This study aimed to investigate a comprehensive analysis of national distribution in the digital area. Research method. This research utilizes a descriptive-analytical literature review to examine the national distribution system in the digital era, covering logistics, e-commerce, digital technology, public policy, and distribution infrastructure. It analyzes secondary data from credible sources through a systematic search for articles published in the last 5-10 years, in Indonesian and English. The analysis used five stages. Findings. National distribution is reshaped by digital advancements in e-commerce and logistics, enhancing efficiency and market access while meeting consumer demand for speed. In Indonesia, digital distribution improves economic competitiveness and public welfare, supported by government infrastructure and regulations for consumer protection. The private sector fosters innovation, aiding MSMEs in accessing broader markets. However, sustainability challenges, such as carbon emissions, require eco-friendly practices. Future efforts aim for efficient, monitored systems through digital platforms, promoting economic resilience and stability while addressing ethical consumer protection issues for inclusive growth. Conclusion. Success in national distribution depends on collaboration among the government, the private sector, and the community, alongside adaptive policies and sustainable practices for an effective and equitable system.
DUE DILIGENCE NOTARY PRACTICES BEFORE AND AFTER THE COMPANY'S CAPITAL MARKET LISTING AS A LEGAL ENTITY Wijaya, Yasmin; Efendi, A; Noor, Azman Mohd.
EQUALEGUM International Law Journal Volume 3, Issue 3, 2025
Publisher : SYNTIFIC

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61543/equ.v3i3.160

Abstract

Background. Businesses must finish the required paperwork and submit registration statements to the Capital Markets and Financial Institutions Supervisory Agency, which is assisted by organizations and experts, in order to participate in the capital market, which involves the public offering and selling of securities from publicly traded companies. The purpose of this research purpose was to determine the use of due diligence notaries before and following the company's legal entity listing in the stock market. Research Method. This research was qualitative, normative, and descriptive-analytical, which explains information and facts about the use of the openness principle and notary due diligence both before and after the Limited Liability Company's listing on the Capital Market. Findings. The implementation of notary due diligence requires the use of the capital market's openness concept.  This implies that the notary confirms the company's information, which would be included in the deed he drafts, prior to performing his obligations in creating deeds. Making changes to the articles of organization, minutes of the general meeting of shareholders, deeds of agreement for public offers, and registration with the Capital Markets and Financial Institutions Supervisory Agency are among the notary's duties both prior to and following listing. Conclusion. Notaries must make sure that a deed has the right intent, content, and purpose while abiding by all applicable laws, statutes, rules, and the code of ethics.
ANALYSIS OF HEALTH WORKERS' PRACTICE NEGLIGENCE: REVIEW OF ETHICAL CODES AND LEGAL ASPECTS Qomariah, Siti Nur; Revani, Hilda Dea
EQUALEGUM International Law Journal Volume 3, Issue 3, 2025
Publisher : SYNTIFIC

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61543/equ.v3i3.161

Abstract

Background. Healthcare professionals hold a unique ethical and legal responsibility for patient health, where negligence is considered a failure to maintain professional standards that can result in patient harm, leading to both ethical concerns and legal consequences. This study aimed to analyze health workers’ practice negligence to clarify ethical codes and legal concepts. Research method. This approach emphasizes review articles and normative studies, viewing law as a collection of written norms found in legislation, jurisprudence, and expert opinions. The study aims to conduct a normative analysis of the current, formally applicable legal framework, utilizing a statutory method to examine Law Number 17 of 2023, Law Number 29 of 2004, additional regulations from the Criminal Code, and relevant sectoral laws. Findings. The relationship between ethical norms and legal obligations in medical practice illustrates that ethical standards often precede legal frameworks by establishing professional expectations. Legal rules serve to enforce minimum care standards, protecting patients and practitioners. Negligence constitutes a breach of duty leading to harm, making health professionals liable under civil law for unlawful acts causing injury, thereby allowing patients to seek compensation. In Indonesia, health law defines legal obligations and penalties for negligence, with civil and criminal liabilities relevant in severe injury or death cases. Conclusion. The importance of clarity in legal standards to adjudicate malpractice claims. A key harmonization, when ethical and legal systems diverge, conflicts can arise, for instance, between respecting autonomy and mandated interventions. Ethical guidelines can help resolve these tensions, but cannot substitute for legal accountability.
ANALYSIS OF CARBON TRADING REGULATIONS AND THEIR CONTRIBUTION TO ACHIEVING INDONESIA’S NATIONAL EMISSION REDUCTION TARGETS Riska Sari; Muhammad Fariz; Daniel Allan Rosen
EQUALEGUM International Law Journal Volume 4, Issue 1, 2026
Publisher : SYNTIFIC

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61543/equ.v4i1.169

Abstract

Background. Climate change has become one of the most pressing global challenges, prompting countries to adopt various policy instruments to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Indonesia, as a party to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement, has committed to reducing emissions through its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). One of the key regulatory innovations introduced by the Indonesian government is carbon trading under Presidential Regulation No. 98 of 2021 concerning the Economic Value of Carbon. This study analyzes the effectiveness of Indonesia's carbon trading regulatory framework in supporting national emission reduction targets. Research Methods. Employing a normative legal research design, this study examines Indonesia's legal framework for carbon trading. It analyzes statutory regulations, international legal instruments, and comparative practices to assess the effectiveness of existing norms in aiding Indonesia's greenhouse gas emission reduction goals. The analysis includes constitutional provisions, national and sector-specific legislation, and relevant international agreements. A comparative approach highlights best practices and identifies regulatory gaps, suggesting potential reforms to enhance Indonesia's carbon trading and support sustainable development objectives. Findings. The findings indicate that Indonesia has established a comprehensive legal foundation for carbon trading; however, challenges remain regarding institutional coordination, market transparency, carbon credit verification, and legal certainty. While carbon trading has significant potential to contribute to national emission reduction targets, its effectiveness depends on regulatory coherence, robust monitoring systems, and alignment with international carbon market standards. Conclusion. Strengthening governance mechanisms, improving transparency, and integrating carbon trading into broader climate policy frameworks.
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE REGULATION AS A CLINICAL DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM IN INDONESIAN HOSPITALS: CHALLENGES, ACCOUNTABILITY, AND REGULATORY REFORM Siti Sarah; Mita Lestari Masruroh
EQUALEGUM International Law Journal Volume 4, Issue 1, 2026
Publisher : SYNTIFIC

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61543/equ.v4i1.170

Abstract

Background. The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed healthcare delivery worldwide, particularly through the development of Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS). AI-powered CDSS can assist healthcare professionals in diagnosis, treatment planning, risk prediction, and clinical decision-making. While these technologies offer substantial benefits in improving efficiency and accuracy, they also raise complex legal, ethical, and regulatory questions concerning accountability, patient safety, informed consent, data protection, and medical liability. This study aimed to examine the adequacy of existing Indonesian legal frameworks in regulating AI-based CDSS in hospitals and to identify regulatory gaps that may affect legal certainty and patient protection. Research Methods. This research employs a normative juridical method. The statutory approach analyzes relevant Indonesian regulations, including: Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health, Law No. 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection, Law No. 11 of 2008 on Electronic Information and Transactions, Regulations concerning electronic medical records and hospital governance. The conceptual approach examines legal theories related to professional liability, product liability, patient autonomy, and algorithmic accountability. The comparative approach evaluates regulatory developments from international frameworks. Findings. Although existing regulations concerning health services, electronic systems, personal data protection, and medical practice provide partial governance, Indonesia has not yet established a comprehensive legal framework specifically addressing AI-assisted clinical decision-making. Consequently, significant uncertainties remain regarding liability allocation, algorithmic transparency, informed consent, and institutional accountability. Conclusion. The development of a dedicated regulatory framework for AI in healthcare that balances technological innovation with patient safety, ethical governance, and legal certainty.
LEGAL PROTECTION IN INDONESIA OF ONLINE RIDE-HAILING DRIVERS AND DIGITAL FREELANCERS IN THE GIG ECONOMY ERA Indra Wijaya; Thi Kim Nguyen
EQUALEGUM International Law Journal Volume 4, Issue 1, 2026
Publisher : SYNTIFIC

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61543/equ.v4i1.171

Abstract

Background. Digital economy has fundamentally transformed labor relations worldwide. In Indonesia, digital platform-based work has become an increasingly important source of employment, particularly for online ride-hailing drivers, delivery couriers, and freelance digital workers. While digital platforms offer flexibility, they also generate significant legal challenges concerning employment status, social protection, occupational safety, income security, and collective labor rights. Most platform companies classify workers as independent partners rather than employees, thereby excluding them from labor protections traditionally afforded under employment law. This study examines the adequacy of Indonesia's legal framework in protecting digital platform workers and identifies regulatory gaps affecting labor rights in the gig economy. Research Methods. The statutory approach examines relevant Indonesian legal instruments, including Law No. 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower, Law No. 6 of 2023 concerning Job Creation, Law No. 24 of 2011 concerning Social Security Administration, and relevant regulations governing transportation and digital platforms. The conceptual approach explores theories of labor protection, employment relationships, economic dependency, social justice, and algorithmic management. The comparative approach examines regulatory developments in jurisdictions that have introduced specific protections for platform workers. Findings. Indonesia's existing labor law framework does not adequately accommodate platform-mediated work relationships characterized by algorithmic management and economic dependency. Consequently, many digital platform workers remain excluded from minimum wage protection, social security benefits, occupational safety guarantees, and collective bargaining mechanisms. Conclusion. The establishment of a dedicated regulatory framework recognizing platform work as a distinct labor category while ensuring fundamental labor rights and social protection standards.
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF INDONESIA’S FOOD ESTATE PROGRAM AND ITS IMPACT ON FARMERS’ WELFARE Suyanto Suyanto; Dwi Wachidiyah Ningsih; Prihatin Effendi
EQUALEGUM International Law Journal Volume 4, Issue 1, 2026
Publisher : SYNTIFIC

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61543/equ.v4i1.172

Abstract

 Background. Food security is crucial for countries facing climate change, population growth, and supply chain issues. Indonesia's Food Estate Program seeks to improve food security and agricultural productivity while reducing food imports. However, it has raised concerns related to its sustainability and effects on farmers' welfare. This study aimed to analyze the legal sustainability of the Food Estate Program and evaluate its implications for farmers’ welfare from the perspective of agricultural law, environmental law, and sustainable development principles. Research Methods. Normative juridical research design, the statutory approach analyzes key legal documents, including Indonesia's 1945 Constitution and several laws regarding food, farmer protection, and agricultural land sustainability. The conceptual approach applies theories related to sustainable development and agrarian justice. The comparative approach assesses international standards on sustainable agriculture and food security within global development frameworks. Findings. Although the Food Estate Program is supported by a substantial regulatory framework, significant challenges remain regarding land governance, environmental protection, indigenous rights, community participation, and equitable distribution of economic benefits. Sustainable food estate development requires a transition from a production-oriented approach toward a farmer-centered legal framework emphasizing social justice, environmental sustainability, and participatory governance. Such reforms are essential to ensure that food security policies contribute not only to national food production but also to the long-term welfare of farming communities. Conclusion. Achieving sustainable development necessitates a shift to a farmer-centered legal framework that prioritizes social justice and participatory governance, ensuring food security policies enhance both national food production and the long-term welfare of farming communities.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PUBLIC SERVICE DIGITALIZATION IN CORRUPTION PREVENTION FOR GOOD GOVERNANCE IN INDONESIA Fery Muchtar Ashari; Rob van Gestel
EQUALEGUM International Law Journal Volume 4, Issue 1, 2026
Publisher : SYNTIFIC

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.61543/equ.v4i1.173

Abstract

Background. The digital transformation of public administration has become a central strategy for governments seeking to improve service delivery, enhance transparency, and strengthen accountability. In Indonesia, digitalization initiatives such as electronic government systems, online licensing platforms, digital procurement, electronic taxation, and integrated public service applications have been promoted as instruments for improving governance and reducing opportunities for corruption. While digital technologies have the potential to minimize direct interactions between citizens and public officials, thereby reducing discretionary decision-making and rent-seeking behavior, questions remain regarding their actual effectiveness in preventing corruption. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of public service digitalization as an anti-corruption mechanism from a legal and governance perspective. Research Methods. This study uses a normative juridical approach to analyze Indonesian legislative frameworks pertaining to public administration, electronic government, anti-corruption laws, and digital public services. It also incorporates international and comparative viewpoints. Findings. Digitalization contributes significantly to corruption prevention through enhanced transparency, traceability, accountability, and procedural standardization. However, challenges remain regarding institutional capacity, digital inequality, cybersecurity risks, regulatory fragmentation, and the persistence of corruption in digitally mediated environments. Conclusion. Digitalization should not be viewed as a purely technological solution but as part of a broader legal and institutional reform agenda aimed at strengthening integrity, public accountability, and good governance.  

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