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Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Published by Polilteknik Kesehatan Kemenkes Surabaya
ISSN : 16933761     EISSN : 24078948     DOI : 10.36568
Core Subject : Health, Science, Social,
Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Public Health
Jurnal GEMA Lingkungan Kesehatan [e-ISSN: 2407-8948 | DOI: 10.36568] is a journal aims to be a leading peer-reviewed platform and an authoritative source of information. We publish original research papers, review articles and case studies focused on environmental health or public health as well as related topics that has neither been published elsewhere in any language, nor is it under review for publication anywhere. This following statement clarifies ethical behavior of all parties involved in the act of publishing an article in this journal, including the author, the editor, the reviewer, and the publisher (Jurusan Kesehatan Lingkungan Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya).
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Lingkungan (semua ketegori) - Kesehatan, Toksikologi dan Mutasi Gen
Articles 172 Documents
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Formulation and Inhibitory Test of Feminine Cleansing Soap Combination of Young Areca Extract (Areca cathechu L.) and Manjakani Extract (Quercus infectoria) on the Growth of Candida Albicans Ni Nyoman Wahyu Udayani; Ketut Agus Adrianta; I Gede Made Suradnyana; Ni Luh Putu Tris Yoga Cahyani
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 22 No. 2 (2024): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v22i2.121

Abstract

One of the reproductive health problems that women often experience is vaginal discharge. About 85-95% vaginal discharge is caused by the fungus Candida albicans. To maintain the cleanliness of the female organ system, feminine cleansing soap is usually used. The use of traditional ingredients has smaller side effects and the price is also relatively affordable. Traditional ingredients that can be used are young areca nut (Areca catechu L.) and Manjakani (Quercus infectoria). Young areca nut seeds contain tannins, flavonoids, and saponins, while Manjakani fruit contains tannins and flavonoids which have anti-fungal activity. This study aims to determine the inhibitory power of feminine cleansing soap from areca nut extract (Areca cathechu L.) and Manjakani extract (Quercus infectoria) on the growth of Candida albicans. This research is a purely experimental laboratory which begins with the extraction process. 5 formulations of feminine cleansing soap were prepared, a combination of young areca nut extract (Areca cathechu L.) and Manjakani extract (Quercus infectoria) with a concentration percentage ratio of 5:10, 7.5:7.5, 10:5, 15:0 respectively and 0:15. The resulting preparations were tested for inhibition of the growth of Candida albicans. The results showed that a feminine cleansing soap combination of young areca nut extract (Areca cathechu L.) and Manjakani extract (Quercus infectoria) had an inhibitory effect on the growth of Candida albicans, namely F1, F2, F3, F4 and F5 which had average inhibition respectively of 21.33 ± 0.58 mm, 21.67 ± 0.58 mm, 22 ± 0 mm, 19.67 ± 1.53 mm. Thus, the findings show that all feminine cleansing soap formulations of a combination of young areca nut extract (Areca cathechu L.) and Manjakani fruit extract (Quercus infectoria) have an inhibitory effect on the growth of Candida albicans. Of the five formulations tested, the combination of extracts with a ratio of 0:15 (F5) showed the highest inhibition against Candida albicans with a mean inhibition zone diameter of 22.33 ± 0.58 mm.
Identification of Mercury Levels and Disease Symptoms in Workers at Traditional Gold Mining Sites in the Working Area of Public Health Centre Ujung Padang Rasian Lensoni; Wildan Seni; Murni Yanti; Yuni Agnes Lubis; Heri Setiawan; Taufiq Karma
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 22 No. 2 (2024): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v22i2.123

Abstract

This research aims to identify the symptoms of diseases experienced by gold mine workers due to mercury exposure in the Public Health Centre Ujung Padang Rasian work area, South Aceh Regency, Aceh Province. This study used a cross-sectional approach involving 39 respondents, and mercury levels were analyzed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrofotometry (AAS) instrument. Based on the research findings, most workers experienced acute clinical symptoms such as headaches (34 respondents), coughs, and pain during urination (24 respondents). Chronic toxicity symptoms recorded included somatosensory disturbances in gold processing workers. Muscle cramps (17 respondents) and headaches (16 respondents) were the most common complaints among workers. Mercury level measurements showed that the average mercury level in workers’ urine was 207.6 µg/L. The mercury content in the studied urine samples exceeded the threshold Human Biomonitoring (HBM) set of 7 µg/L. The correlation testing indicated that mercury levels in urine correlated with several acute and chronic disease symptoms experienced by workers, such as ulcers (P value = 0.007), tongue swelling (P value = 0.007), olfactory loss (P value = 0.007), hearing disorders (P value = 0.007), and tremors (P value = 0.007). Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that more than half of the workers had mercury levels in their urine exceeding the threshold, and these mercury levels also correlated with several symptoms of diseases experienced by the workers.
Analysis of Stress Factors and Workload on the Performance of Employees of the General Election Supervisory Agency of East Java Province Asrotul Hikmah; Hadi Prayitno; Anita Dewi Prahastuti Sujoso
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 22 No. 2 (2024): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v22i2.127

Abstract

The workload undertaken by General Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) in overseeing the 2024 General Election includes proactive election supervision activities, being responsive to reports of alleged election violations, creating calendars and work tools for supervision, and strengthening the supervision of election supervisors for the integrity and professionalism of election organizers. Excessive workload results in work stress among Bawaslu officers, which impacts work performance. This study aims to analyze the factors of work stress and workload on the performance of employees within the General Election Supervisory Agency of East Java Province in the Tapal Kuda region. An observational analytic research design with a cross-sectional approach was conducted on 91 respondents. Multivariate analysis using multiple linear regression was employed to identify the factors of workload and work stress on the performance of Bawaslu employees in East Java Province. The results of the study showed that respondents experienced work stress and workload, which impacted the performance of Bawaslu employees (p<0.05). The observation of work stress and workload contributed 30.9%. This study provides information and recommendations to the General Election Supervisory Agency as a consideration in making policies related to stress, workload, and employee performance.
Analysis of Environmental Sanitation Factors and Personal Hygiene on the Incidence of Tuberculosis in Jember Regency Firjoun Ali Muhammad; Al Munawir; Isa Ma’rufi
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 22 No. 2 (2024): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v22i2.128

Abstract

Many risk factors can trigger tuberculosis, including environmental sanitation and personal hygiene. Personal hygiene is crucial because it involves actions taken by an individual to maintain their physical and psychological cleanliness and health. Meanwhile, environmental sanitation factors include the availability of clean water (whether clean water meets physical water quality standards is available) and solid waste management (mechanisms for providing trash bins and waste disposal). This study aims to analyze the relationship between environmental sanitation and personal hygiene on the incidence of tuberculosis in Jember Regency. This research method uses observational analytics with a case-control study design. The study sample consisted of 52 individuals in the control group and 52 in the case group. The sampling technique used was Cluster Random Sampling. The statistical tests used were bivariate (chi-square test) and multivariate (multiple linear regression). The findings revealed a significant relationship between environmental sanitation (p=0.004) and no significant relationship with personal hygiene (p=0.282). The results concluded that among all the independent variables suspected to influence the incidence of tuberculosis, environmental sanitation was the most influential factor.
Effect of Pomegranate Extract Topical Cream (Punica granatum) on SOD and TNF-α Levels in Wistar Rats Excision Wound Model Retta Adhimarta Atmaja; Agung Putra; Titiek Sumarawati
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 22 No. 2 (2024): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v22i2.137

Abstract

Wounds cause damage or loss of skin tissue components. The body will respond and trigger the wound healing process. Neutrophils will trigger the pro-inflammatory mediator, Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α) which is useful for starting inflammation. Providing exogenous antioxidants, such as those found in pomegranates, is very important. Pomegranate extract contains antioxidants such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, triterpenes and saponins which have the potential to be a new treatment for inflammation caused by various skin disorders. Pomegranate extract significantly improves the wound healing process. However, an in-depth analysis of pomegranate extract cream which can accelerate the healing of excision wounds and influence SOD and TNF-α levels needs to be carried out, so that the results of this research can be a new alternative that supports topical wound treatment. An in-vivo experimental study was conducted with 48 Wistar rats, divided into 12 groups. The analysis was performed in two stages: six groups were analyzed after 3 days of treatment, and the remaining six groups were analyzed after 7 days of treatment. Data were tested using one-way ANOVA. Pomegranate extract cream reduced TNF-α levels, as shown by the One-Way ANOVA test (p=0.001, p<0.05). On day 3 after treatment, pomegranate extract cream had the same effect as the bioplacenton group. There was no significant difference between groups in SOD levels on day 3 after treatment, as indicated by the One-Way ANOVA test (p=0.565, p>0.05). However, on day 7 after treatment, there was a significant difference in SOD levels between groups, as shown by the One-Way ANOVA test (p=0.037, p<0.05). Pomegranate extract cream reduces TNF-α levels to the same extent as bioplacenton on day 3 after treatment and increases SOD levels in excision wounds on day 7 after treatment.
Performance of Hybrid Aeration-Pre-sedimentation Process in Microplastic Removal from Raw Water Arlini Dyah Radityaningrum; Rahmatdani Rizqi’ain; Ro’du Dhuha Afrianisa; Catur Bagus Priyono
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 22 No. 2 (2024): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v22i2.139

Abstract

Plastic materials can degrade into small particles known as microplastics (MP) and nanoplastics (NP). The presence of MP has been detected in treated drinking water. Aeration and pre-sedimentation are preliminary treatment processes in Water Treatment Plants (WTP), which can potentially remove MP pollutants. This study aims to (1) determine the abundance and characteristics of MP in raw water samples and effluents from the hybrid aeration-pre-sedimentation process; (2) determine the efficiency of MP removal in the hybrid aeration-pre-sedimentation process. This study was conducted on a laboratory scale. Raw water samples (2.5 L) were collected from Kali Jagir Surabaya. The test reactor consisted of a cascade aerator (5 and 7 steps) and pre-sedimentation, operated in batch mode. Identification of MP abundance and characteristics (shape, size, color, polymer type) was conducted on samples before treatment (aeration influent) and after treatment (pre-sedimentation effluent). Sampling was performed in triplicates at 2 and 4-hour detention times. Test samples were extracted through oxidation with H2O2 and membrane filtration using PTFE (pore size 0.22 µm; diameter 47 mm). MP particles were observed using a Dino-Lite digital microscope. Polymer type was determined by FTIR testing. The results showed that the average abundance of MP in the influent sample was 8.5 particles/L, while in the effluent of the hybrid cascade aerator-pre-sedimentation reactors (5 and 7 steps), it was 1 and 6.5 particles/L, respectively. MP particles’ dominant size and shape were 101-350 µm and fibers. Transparent and white colors predominated the MP particles. The polymer type of MP found in raw water samples was polyethylene (PE). The highest MP removal efficiency in the hybrid aeration-pre-sedimentation process with 2 and 4-hour detention times were 88% and 24%, respectively.
Health Belief Model on the Influence of Personal and Work Factors on the Perception of Low Back Pain Saifudin Zuhri; Sri Suwarni
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 22 No. 2 (2024): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v22i2.143

Abstract

The prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in Indonesia is increasing with age and deviant behavior in the workplace. If people are not aware of the vulnerability they feel, it can lead to deformities and disabilities as perceived severity. So that behavior changes with motivation for public health. This study aims to analyze the relationship between personal and work factors and the perception of LBP. This type of research is a cross sectional quantitative research. The research location is in Sukoharjo, Central Java. The sampling technique was purposive non-random sampling with a total sample of 120 respondents. Data were collected using questionnaires, then analyzed using multiple linear regression tests. The results of bivariate analysis showed that personal factors had a positive and significant correlation with the perception of LBP incidence (r=0.549, p<0.001). Occupational factors had a positive and significant correlation with the perception of LBP incidence (r = 0.680, p<0.000). Personal and occupational factors simultaneously affected the perception of LBP incidence with a p value of 0.000 and the contribution of these two variables to the perception of LBP incidence was 48.3%. It can be concluded that both partially and simultaneously, personal and occupational factors affect the perception of LBP incidence. Suggestions for further research are needed to explore other factors that influence the perception of LBP events. This is important to deepen understanding of the various aspects that can affect an individual's perception of LBP, including environmental, psychosocial, and lifestyle factors.
Optimization of Drying Temperature for Bintaro Fruit Seeds (Cerbera manghas) as a Bioinsecticide for Aedes aegypti Using a Tray Dryer Fitria Gusfa; Alkausyari Aziz; Khayan; Taufik Anwar
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 22 No. 2 (2024): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v22i2.172

Abstract

As a tropical country, Indonesia has various plants that can be utilized for human needs. One such plant is Bintaro (Cerbera manghas). Bintaro contains secondary metabolites that can be used as a bioinsecticide. These secondary metabolite compounds can degrade if dried at high temperatures. This study focused on optimizing the drying temperature of Bintaro fruit seeds (Cerbera manghas) using a tray dryer to produce bioinsecticide. The research employed a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four different drying temperature treatments: 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C. The ethanol extracts from Bintaro seeds produced at each temperature treatment were tested for their effectiveness as a bio-insecticide against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The results indicated that the optimal drying temperature for Bintaro seeds, which provided the best bioinsecticide effectiveness, was 50°C.
The Effect of Ultraviolet Exposure on the Quantity of Microplastics in the Air of Buildings Made from Plastic Waste Nur Hilal; Teguh Widiyanto; Lagiono; Tri Marthy Mulyasari
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 22 No. 2 (2024): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v22i2.130

Abstract

Microplastics are new environmental contaminants that result from plastic degradation and fragmentation. Ultraviolet is one of the physical factors that can affect plastic fragmentation. The study aimed to analyze the effect of ultraviolet exposure on microplastic levels in the air of buildings made from plastic waste materials and methods of true experiment research with posttest-only control group design. Air sampling was conducted 60 days in buildings made from plastic waste with treatment and control samples. Sampling of airborne microplastics by passive method. Visual observation of microplastics using a 10-fold magnification binocular microscope. Analysis of the effect of UV exposure on microplastic levels by simple linear regression. The results showed that the average level of microplastics in the air of buildings made from plastic waste in the treatment sample was 38.78 particles/m2/day, and in the control sample, 22 particles/m2/day. There are 3 forms of microplastics found in the air of buildings made from garbage, namely fragments, fibers, and films. Analysis of the effect of ultraviolet exposure on the quantity of microplastics in the air of buildings made from plastic waste obtained a p-value of 0.000<0.05. The study concludes that ultraviolet exposure affects microplastic levels in the air of buildings made from plastic waste.
The Impact of Bullying on the Development of Mental Health in Children Ira Aini Dania; Nanda Novziransyah; Adi Raja Brando Lubis
Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan Vol. 22 No. 2 (2024): Gema Lingkungan Kesehatan
Publisher : Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36568/gelinkes.v22i2.165

Abstract

The occurrence of bullying behavior within SDN Bhakti Karya Jogja has the potential to create an environment that is detrimental to the physical and mental development of children. The observed bullying behavior within this context can be categorized as either physical or non-physical/verbal. The bullying observed in this study arises from misunderstandings and minor issues that have a significant impact on the mental wellbeing of those subjected to it. This study employs a qualitative approach in the form of a case study methodology. The research findings indicate that the forms of verbal bullying observed at SDN Bhakti Karya Jogja include slandering the victim and the victim's parents, mocking, threatening, and using profanity. With regard to the forms of physical bullying, these include hitting, taking things, and pinching. It can be observed that victims of bullying exhibit signs of distress. They become quiet, weak, afraid when they meet the perpetrators and tired of the perpetrators’ treatment. Additionally, they become markedly moody and disinterested in learning. Educational institutions have implemented a variety of strategies in response to bullying behavior. These include counseling, disciplinary measures, and the integration of early religious education into the curriculum. Furthermore, the incorporation of character education, comprising curricula designed to instill positive values and behaviors, has gained prominence as a strategy to promote constructive social interactions. Additionally, educational establishments have sought to utilize students' leisure time in productive endeavors, such as the provision of engaging learning activities.

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