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Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit
Published by Politeknik ATK Yogyakarta
ISSN : 14117703     EISSN : 27462625     DOI : https://doi.org/10.58533/bptkspk.v22i1
Core Subject : Art, Social, Engineering,
Arts Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Social Sciences
Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit mencakup beberapa topik mengenai penyamakan kulit (enzim terapan, kimia terapan dan kimia lingkungan), produk samping kulit, teknologi karet, teknologi plastik, pengembangan mesin produksi, teknologi sepatu, dan pengembangan produk kulit yang diterbitkan oleh Politeknik ATK Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Jurnal ini juga mencakup penelitian-penelitian dari multidisiplin ilmu yang lain yang terkait dengan teknologi kulit, karet dan plastik.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Teknik (Lain-Lain)
Articles 174 Documents
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MOISTURE CONTENT MEASUREMENT IN GELATIN: A COMPARISON OF GRAVIMETRIC METHODS USING MOISTURE ANALYZER AND OVEN Warmiati; Dewi Nurhidayati
Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit Vol 23 No 1 (2024): Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit
Publisher : Politeknik ATK Yogyakarta

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Abstract

The measurement of water content in gelatin samples in the practical activities in the Instrumentation and Polymer Engineering Laboratory is conducted using the gravimetric method with the Moisture Analyzer Sartorius Type MA 45. Meanwhile, the method acknowledged and approved by AOAC International is the Oven method. This research aims to compare the measurement results of the Moisture Analyzer with the reference method, namely the Oven method referring to AOAC, to determine if there is a statistically significant difference in the results. The results of both methods are compared using a paired T-test, yielding a calculated T-value (Tstat) of 0.7519 and a tabulated T-value of 2.2622. These results indicate that Tstat ≤ the tabulated T-value at a 95% confidence level, thus accepting the null hypothesis (H0). This suggests that μa=μb, meaning that there is no significant difference between the two methods. The precision test results for both methods also meet the criteria, with %RSD ≤ 2% and %RSD ≤ 2/3 CV Horwitz.
ANALYSIS OF METAL CONTENTS IN WELL WATERAT THE ATK YOGYAKARTA POLYTECHNIC LABORATORY Warmiati; Wijayanti; Armila Zahra Tawarniate; Dewi Nurhidayati
Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit Vol 23 No 1 (2024): Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit
Publisher : Politeknik ATK Yogyakarta

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Abstract

This sudy has been conducted to determine the metal content in water used for laboratory activities at Politeknik` ATK Yogyakarta. The water used for laboratory processes should ideally be free from metal content to avoid contamination and corrosion. The metal content analyzed in this research includes Cu, Pb, Cr, adn Fe. The analysis method used is spectrophotometry, specifically Atomic Absoprtion Spectrophotometry (AAS), using standard series. The samples to be analyzed are first destructed according to the method outlined in SNI 6989 – 84: 2019. The analysis results obtained are as follows: Cu content in water sample is 0.046 mg/L, Pb content is 3.031 mg/L, Cr metal is 0.023 mg/L, and Fe content is 6.372 mg/L.
EFFECT OF USING TiO2 IN DYEING PROCESS TO LIQUID WASTE AND CHARACTERIZATION GLOVE LEATHER Arya Prastyawan; Laili Rachmawati; Heru Budi Susanto
Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit Vol 23 No 1 (2024): Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit
Publisher : Politeknik ATK Yogyakarta

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Abstract

This study aims to reduce the use of kronos (content of TiO2 ³92,5%) to overcome the problem of dyeing liquid waste turbidity at PT Adi Satria Abadi, Yogyakarta. In this study, the characteristics of glove leather resulting from reducing the number of kronos were also looked at. Post tanning process in wet blue sheepskin consist of: wetting back, dyeing, retanning, fatliquoring, fixing I, top fatliquoring, dan fixing II. The study is carried out in the dyeing process, and it was divided into 3 treatments. Treatment I used 1.5% kronos, treatment II used 1% kronos, and the control used 2% kronos (PT Adi Satria Abadi standards). The turbidity of the liquid waste from the dyeing process, the organoleptic and physical characteristics of glove leather were tested. The organoleptic test results for skin characteristics obtained from treatment I were compared with the control: evenness of color (very suitable), color match (suitable), defect covering (very suitable), and softness (very suitable). Meanwhile, the results obtained from treatment II were compared with the control: color evenness (very suitable), color match (quite suitable), defect covering (not suitable), and softness (very suitable). The results of physical tests on skin thickness and softness between control, treatment I and treatment II showed results that met the standards. The skin rubbing test result in treatments I and II was better than the control. The turbidity of dyeing waste shows that treatment I produces lower turbidity than treatment II, while treatment II shows a lower level of waste turbidity than the control. It was concluded that treatment I produced waste with lower turbidity than the control and produced glove leather characteristics that met PT Adi Satria Abadi standards.
THE EFFECT OF ADDING SURFACTANTS TO TOP COAT FINISHING ON THE APPEARANCE OF WHITE SPOT DEFECTS ON STEERING WHEEL LEATHER Endah Oktaviyana; Nais Pinta Adetya; Emiliana Anggriyani
Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit Vol 23 No 1 (2024): Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit
Publisher : Politeknik ATK Yogyakarta

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Abstract

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of using surfactant in the top coat layer on the appearance of white spot defects on the steering wheel leather. The appearance of white spot defects in the top coat layer is not expected because it disturbs the aesthetics of the skin and has the effect of uneven color on the skin surface, so the appearance of white spot defects must be prevented. The raw materials used in this research were 4 pieces of crust cowhide, with a thickness of 1.1-1.4 mm and an area of ​​1 sqft taken from 4 pieces of full hide leather. The main chemical used is non-ionic surfactant. The addition of non-ionic surfactant to the top coat layer was carried out with varying percentages of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%. The tests carried out were organoleptic tests and physical tests. The results of the organoleptic test with the addition of 0.5% surfactant still showed white spot defects, whereas with the addition of 1%, 1.5% and 2% surfactant it met customer standards. The results of the physical test with the addition of 1% and 1.5% surfactant showed that the color fastness test did not fade, while with the addition of 2% the results obtained faded.
IDENTIFICATION OF DEFECTS IN THE OUTSOLE MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF REBECA ARTICLES USING SIX SIGMA ANALYSIS AT PT XYZ DKI JAKARTA Dede Dewi Soniastri; Abimanyu Yogadita Restu Aji
Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit Vol 23 No 1 (2024): Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit
Publisher : Politeknik ATK Yogyakarta

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Abstract

PT XYZ located in DKI Jakarta is a company operating in the footwear sector. In the production process in the outsole section in Rebeca's article, several problems were found, namely dirty outsole, bubbled outsole, creeping outsole, and holey outsole. The aim of this research is to identify the factors that cause outsole defects in Rebeca's articles and to find out the results of the identification in an effort to reduce outsole defects in Rebeca's articles. The method for carrying out this research uses the Six Sigma method. The results of identifying the outsole of the Rebeca article show that based on the DPMO calculation of the outsole defect in the Rebeca article, an average DPMO value of 306.25 was obtained with a sigma level value of 4.94. This shows that the outsole production process has a capacity above the average level. sigma, but this has not achieved the target of improving the quality of Six Sigma, namely reaching a Sigma level of 6 Sigma. Proposed improvements that can be given to the factors that cause defects that occur in the outsole.
RESULT QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF SHEEP SKIN GOLF GLOVES TANNING BASED ON THERMAL AND MICROBIAL RESISTANCE Chorynur Retmaningrum; Mustafidah Udkhiyati; Elis Nurbalia
Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit Vol 23 No 1 (2024): Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit
Publisher : Politeknik ATK Yogyakarta

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Abstract

The limited availability of domestic raw materials has encouraged the leather tanning industry to import raw materials from various countries. The condition of skin raw materials imported from abroad is generally in the form of pickle or wet blue-like (skin that has been chrome tanned in small amounts (1.5% (w/w)). Industry concerns regarding the adequacy of tanning degree on wet blue-like skin conducing the treatment being carried out using the same method and amount of tanning agent for both pickle and wet blue-like skin. Thus, potentially causing excessive use of chrome. This research compares the effect of tanning treatment on thermal and microbial resistance as well as physical characteristics of glove leather with wet blue-like skin raw materials. Based on the research results, it is known that treatment without re-chroming produces lower thermal and microbial resistance than treatment with re-chroming. However, the formulation without re-chroming treatment on wet blue-like skin can be recommended for application considering that the results obtained have characteristics in accordance with the requirements according to SNI 06-0777-1996. The application without re-chroming formulations can enable produce efficiency due to the use of less chrome and faster operational times. Still, adjustments need to be made regarding handling to prevent the growth of microorganisms. This is because the probability of growth of microorganisms when applying formulations without tanning is higher than formulations with tanning.
RETANNING EFFECT ON WATER REPELLENCY OF UPHOLSTERY LEATHER Irieka Widiya Permata; Mustafidah Udkhiyati; R.L.M.S. Ari Wibowo
Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit Vol 23 No 1 (2024): Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit
Publisher : Politeknik ATK Yogyakarta

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Abstract

Water repellent properties in upholstery leather is required to increase its durability. In this study, the effect of various retanning materials to the water repellent properties of upholstery leather is identified. The raw material used is IV quality of wet blue cow leather. The treatment is divided into 3 formulas, they are control using vegetable retanning materials such as mimosa, chestnut and tara; treatment 1 using vegetable (mimosa and chestnut), syntan tanning agent (white syntan/Basyntan DLE) and melamine resin (Eurosintan M)); and treatment 2 using syntan (white syntan/Basyntan DLE and softening syntan/Sertan BSF) and resin (melamine resin/Eurosintan M and acrylic resin/Retingan R7). Water absorption, tensile strength and elongation is carried out to test the effect. Based on the test results, it is showed that the treatment 2 produces upholstery leather with the highest water repellent properties with a water absorption test result of 24.75%. The results of the tensile strength and elongation tests produced in treatment 2 also complied with SNI 06-0779-1989 with values of 239.59 kg/cm2 and 75.27%, respectively.
THE EFFECT OF RECYCLED POLYPROPYLENE AND CALCIUM CARBONATE ADDITION ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYPROPYLENE YARN Heni Fitri Astuti; Muh Wahyu Sya’bani
Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit Vol 23 No 1 (2024): Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit
Publisher : Politeknik ATK Yogyakarta

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Abstract

The use of recycled polypropylene can reduce the problem of plastic waste while lowering production costs. Likewise, the addition of calcium carbonate as a filler also reduces costs and influencing the mechanical characteristics of the plastic. However, this effort needs to consider the quality of the final product. This study aims to evaluate the effect of using recycled polypropylene and calcium carbonate on the mechanical characteristics of plastic yarn. Samples with PP : rPP : CaCO3 compositions of 100:0:0, 80:20:0, and 60:20:20 were used as comparisons. Each sample was processed and molded using an extruder machine and the resulting yarn was tested for tensile strength, elongation at break, and tenacity. The mechanical testing value was further confirmed using FTIR spectroscopy analysis. The research results showed that the FTIR spectra between virgin (PP) and recycled polypropylene (rPP) were similar. The tensile strength, elongation at break, and tenacity values ​​of virgin polypropylene are 3.40 kg/mm2, 27.25%, and 5.70 kgf. The addition of 20% RPP shows a decrease in value to 3.10 kg/mm2, 23.60%, and 4.60 kgf due to the presence of parts that were degraded during reprocessing. Meanwhile, the addition of 20% calcium carbonate also provided lower mechanical test results of 2.65 kg/mm2, 22.50%, and 4.25 kgf due to the difficulties of distribution and dispersion of the filler in the polymer matrix.
RE-DYEING PROCESS ON CABRETTA SHEEPSKIN GOLF GLOVES TO IMPROVE COLOR FASTNESS USING ALIPHATIC POLYAMINE DERIVATE AS FIXING AGENT Wahyu Fajar Winata; Dwi Ari Setyorini; Nur Mutia Rosiati; Fauzi Ashari
Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit Vol 23 No 1 (2024): Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit
Publisher : Politeknik ATK Yogyakarta

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Abstract

This research aims to improve the color fastness of sheep Cabrera golf gloves during the post-tanning process. The post-tanning process includes aging, sammying, shaving, wetting back, re-tanning I, neutralization I, surface dyeing, fixation I, top dyeing, fixation II, neutralization II, fatliquoring, and top fatliquoring. Fastness skin color can be repaired by reprocessing the dyeing process. The raw material used is three sheets of crust-dyed sheep cabretta article of reject quality with a thickness of 0.5-0.55 mm. The chemicals used in the research were H₂O, Foryl PKN, Ammonia, Nexopol AM, Nexopol LA, Formic Acid (FA), Busan 30WB, and Dermafix P Liquid. The post-tanning process using FC fixing material produces crust-dyed sheep cabretta articles with a high color fading, and the finished leather has low rubbing resistance. The test results on crust-dyed skin samples showed that the fading that occurred was very high in the sweat solution, indicated by the solution's color following the sample's color. Reprocessing using Dermafix P Liquid reduced color fading in the sweat solution. On finished leather, dry and wet rubbing resistance was increased to a value of 5 for dry rubbing and a value of 4 for wet rubbing after reprocessing using Dermafix P Liquid, where previously the dry fastness value was 3, and the damp fastness value was 2 in the initial sample. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that reprocessing by replacing fixation materials and adding other necessary ingredients can produce leather of better quality and by SNI standards.
INFLUENCE OF PVC RESIN RATIO (PSM-31 AND OXY-74 ON SYNTETIC LEATHER THICKNESS Pradita Oktaviani; Yuli Suwarno
Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit Vol 23 No 1 (2024): Berkala Penelitian Teknologi Kulit, Sepatu, dan Produk Kulit
Publisher : Politeknik ATK Yogyakarta

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Abstract

Synthetic leather is said to have good quality when it conforms to standards. One that affects the quality of synthetic leather is thickness. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the ratio of PSM-31 and OXY 74 PVC resins, especially in the thickness. The method of making PVC Emboss synthetic leather uses single coating foam on a laboratory scale with 100 phr PSM-31: 0 phr OXY 74: 90 phr:10 phr; 80 phr:20phr; 70 phr:30 phr; 60 phr:40 phr; 50 phr:50 phr; 40 phr:60 phr; 30 phr: 70 phr; 20 phr:80 phr; 10 phr:90 phr; 0 phr PSM-31:100 phr OXY 74. The experimental results can be known the formulation variation that gives the best results with a ratio of PSM-31: OXY 74 (60: 40 phr), because it does not experience a decrease in thickness and according to the standard of 1.00-1.05 mm. The PSM-31:OXY 74 (60:40phr) formulation has a vertical tensile strength value of 161.7 N and horizontal 84.28 N and a vertical tear resistance of 40.18 N and horizontal 21.56 N, better than the standard 100 phr PSM-31 formulation. However, the horizontal elongation was 153.21% lower than the standard formulation. The PSM-31:OXY 74 (60:40phr) formulation has better color fastness than the standard formulation with a gray scale assesing and gray scale staining value of 3 while the value for the standard formulation is 1.

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