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Build a scale to measure speed of strategic thinking for young footballers AlKhokhy, Firas Mahmood Ali; AlHilaly, Ahmed Hisham Ahmed; Tobail, Ali Hussein Mohammed
Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research Vol 3, No 3 (2025): Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research
Publisher : Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/tajor.v3i3.94235

Background and Study Aim. Soccer has gained global attention from both men and women. However, the lack of a perfect objective scientific scale to measure strategic thinking speed is the main reason. This study aims to develop a scale to measure the strategic thinking speed of young soccer players. The study also aims to understand their level of strategic thinking speed and to establish value and level standards to measure the strategic thinking speed of young soccer players. Material and Methods. This study uses a descriptive-correlational method with the aim of constructing and validating the scale. The research population consisted of 169 young soccer players (aged 16-18 years) in Mosul City for the 2024-2025 soccer season who were registered in 7 clubs in Nineveh, Mosul, Al-Mustakbal, Al-Omal, Al-Futowa, Al-Amwaj, and AlHadbaa. The main research sample, after excluding (14) goalkeepers, amounted to (155) representing (91.71%) of the total population. The instruments used in this study were questionnaires, interviews, analysis, references, and resources. The researchers applied the scale to the sample by coaches and expert staff. The analysis was assisted using the SPSS 26 application. Results. Based on the results of the study, it was revealed that the developed scale significantly measures strategic thinking speed among young soccer players. The results of the study also show that the significance value (0.000

Analysis of coaches’ perception of the impact of their stress on the coach-athlete relationship Balore, Julibert Jr Noynoyan; Fueyo, Jona; Rubio, Aaron; Hernández, Adelina Martins
Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research Vol 4, No 1 (2026): Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research
Publisher : Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/tajor.v4i1.95617

Background. The coach–athlete relationship is one of the most influential drivers of performance, motivation, and health within sporting environments. But the nature of this regard is heavily conditioned by the stress that attends on coaches, which can influence how they behave and communicate, and their ability to offer appropriate support. Objectives. The purpose of this study was to investigate how coaches experience that their stress affects the interaction and the relation quality with athletes. Methods. Using a qualitative research design, semi-structured interviews were conducted with thirteen coaches from various sports and institutional backgrounds. Participants were selected using purposive sampling. Thirteen coaches took part in one-on-one interviews conducted via Google Meet. The sample included coaches from both public and private schools who were actively involved in coaching at different levels of competition, such as international, national, and Palarong Pambansa events. The data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic analysis approach, aided by NVivo 14 software. Results. Three primary stress sources emerged: role-related, relational, and contextual/external. These stressors led to negative outcomes, including controlling or hostile coach behaviors, impaired communication, and role overload leading to athlete neglect. Despite these challenges, coaches employed strategies such as coaching practices and relationship management, personal wellness behaviors, and institutional support. Conclusion. Findings show that coaching is a relational process influenced by stress and coping. Emotional regulation and interpersonal awareness are essential to coaching success. Institutional reforms and mental health resources are necessary to support coaches in managing stress and maintaining positive relationships. This research contributes to coaching psychology literature by emphasizing that coach support is critical to sustaining healthy coach-athlete dynamics and improving athletic outcomes.

Aggressive behavior and its relationship to skill performance efficiency of Kirkuk youth football players Ali, Ammar Majeed; Mohammed, Dlawar Anwer; Hasan, Marwan Abdulnbi
Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research Vol 4, No 1 (2026): Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research
Publisher : Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/tajor.v4i1.94234

Background. Aggression is a common event in any football match, especially with young footballers who lack self-control and a high level of psychological maturity. As a result, it is necessary to study the relationship between the components of aggressive behavior and the efficiency of skill performance to have an evidence-based approach to youth football training. Objectives. The objectives of this study were to assess the level of aggressive behavior and the efficiency of the skill performance of junior football players at clubs in Kirkuk Governorate. Methods. The research design of this study was descriptive correlational. The study sample included 121 junior players selected from the six first division football clubs at Kirkuk Governorate during the 2023 competition. A multidimensional sports aggression questionnaire was used to measure the level of aggressive behavior, and the efficiency of the skill performance was measured by the available performance indices. The analysis was assisted using SPSS version 26. Results. The results of the study showed that there was a significant statistical relationship between the overall score of aggressive behavior and the efficiency of the skill performance. The domain of hatred did not have a significant statistical difference with the efficiency of the performance than other domains of aggressive behavior. This means that being aggressive due to hatred toward an opponent is not a common case that can directly affect the performance of junior footballers in Kirkuk governorate. Conclusion. This study is unique to present primary evidence of aggression among junior football players in Kirkuk Governorate, where aggression is a cross-cultural issue in sports. The results of the present study supported the integration of well-structured psychological preparation with physical and technical training to improve performance efficiency and reduce dysfunctional aggressive behavior among junior football players.

Effectiveness of circulo massage on fatigue recovery of boarding school students Abdulloh, Faza Muhamad Tamyiz; Rahayu, Atikah; Kushartanti, B. M. Wara; Ivanov, Danail; Jurek, Joanna Michalina
Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research Vol 4, No 1 (2026): Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research
Publisher : Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/tajor.v4i1.92920

Background. Circulo massage was claimed to be effective for fatigue recovery. This massage technique is meant to improve blood flow to the body's extremities. This helps move and get rid of metabolic waste products while also relaxing muscles and nerves. However, there was still a lack of evidence with student as the research subjects. Objectives. Therefore, this study was designed to see the effectiveness of circulo massage in decreasing fatigue among boarding school students. Methods. The study design used in this research was a pre-experimental one with a one-group pretest–posttest design. The subjects were the students of IJ Al-Masyhuriyyah Complex of Al-Munawwir Krapyak Islamic Boarding School, Yogyakarta. The population in this study were 41 students while the samples were 15 students. The data in this research were collected using the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) as the pretest and posttest to determine the fatigue condition. The data analysis was performed using a paired t-test to obtain the amount of change and the significance of the changes in fatigue levels after circulo massage was given. Results. Circulo massage treatment reduced the fatigue scores of the subjects ((Mpre = 35.93 ± 6.67, Mpost = 19.07 ± 4.33, p < 0.001). This result shows that the circulo massage had a statistically significant effect for fatigue recovery. Conclusion. The result of this study can be used as a reference by the students in choosing a treatment or intervention to reduce fatigue due to their daily activities as a student and boarding school student life. This study also provided information about scientific evidence in the massage effect for fatigue recovery.

Impact of lateral thinking strategy on certain motor skills and handstand technique in artistic gymnastics for students Hassan, Ameen Atta; Al-Thar Abd, Jaafar Abd Abu
Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research Vol 4, No 1 (2026): Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research
Publisher : Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/tajor.v4i1.103535

Background. Motor skill acquisition is considered one of the long-lasting challenges that exist in gymnastics skills teaching. Handstand, one of the most challenging and sensitive gymnastics skills that requires agility, coordination, and motor skills. Teaching gymnastics skills in many situations follow conventional teaching without considering effective cognitive strategies that would help students enhance motor learning and decision-making skills. Objectives. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of lateral thinking based instruction on motor agility and handstand skill acquisition in artistic gymnastics. Methods. An experimental pretest–posttest control group design was used. Students in their second year at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Wasit University participated in this study and assigned randomly into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. Eight gymnastics instructional units were applied for experimental group according to lateral thinking strategy stages, while conventional instruction was applied for the control group. Agility and handstand tests were measured for both groups pretest and posttest using standardized tests. Results. Based on the results of the study on the control group and the experimental group, there was a very significant increase with a p-value of

Muscular strength and its contribution to the accuracy of medium and long passes among youth handball players of Kiwan Club Hussein, Emad Abbas; Ibrahim, Ahmed Jalal; Hussein, Mahmoud Abbas
Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research Vol 4, No 1 (2026): Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research
Publisher : Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/tajor.v4i1.103346

Background. Passing accuracy in handball depends on proper neuromuscular activation and fast muscle force production. There is still little evidence supporting which type of muscular strength has the greatest impact on youth players’ medium and long passes accuracy. Objectives. Investigate the correlation between muscular strength components and youth Kiwan club players’ medium and long passes accuracy and identify the contribution of each muscular strength component on each skill. Methods. The research design was descriptive correlational. Participants included youth players in Kiwan Handball club. Physiological variables consisted of three muscular strength components: explosive strength, speed-strength, and strength endurance. Skill-related variables included medium and long pass accuracy. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Predictive strength of muscular strength components on medium and long passes accuracy was analyzed using multiple regression model, along with contribution analysis. Results. Muscular strength components were strongly correlated with passes accuracy. Regression analysis showed speed-strength is the only muscular strength component that significantly predicts youth players’ medium passes accuracy (t = 6.337, p

Exploring traditional games in a literature review: How they affect the physical fitness of junior high school students Fufu, Ronald Dwi Ardian; Yuliana, Yuliana; Tajuddin, Al Ihzan; Wijaya, I Nyoman Wahyu Esa; Neolaka, Erwin Sarnoto
Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research Vol 4, No 1 (2026): Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research
Publisher : Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/tajor.v4i1.104416

Background. One of the most important factors enabling students to participate effectively in physical and artistic activities is physical fitness. In addition, practical activities can positively influence students' work habits in the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. Objectives. The purpose of this study is to analyze the physical fitness profile of junior high school students in Indonesia and to identify factors that influence students' physical fitness levels. Methods. This study uses the PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches were conducted using several sources, including Google Scholar, books, Web of Science, and other relevant databases. The search process was carried out using the keywords physical fitness, junior high school students, and physical education. A total of 199 publications were identified through database searches (Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect). After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only nine articles met the eligibility requirements and were included in the final analysis. Results. The overall findings indicate that the physical fitness of junior high school students in Indonesia still faces significant challenges. Most students fall into the low to moderate physical fitness category, while only a small proportion achieve a good fitness level. Several studies show that creative learning interventions, such as traditional games, can effectively improve students’ physical fitness. In addition, environmental factors and physical activity outside of school also play an important role, although their effects may vary. Conclusion. Based on findings from reviewed journals, the level of physical fitness among junior high school students is still relatively low. This condition is indicated by the limited time allocated for physical education classes and the lack of regular sports activities among students. Therefore, the integration of traditional games into physical education at the junior high school level is important as an effort to improve students' physical fitness while preserving the nation's cultural heritage.

Impact of psychological stress resulting from competition on probability of sports injuries among athletes Hamidi, Ali Khayon Tarish; Hegel, Saif Salah Hassan
Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research Vol 4, No 1 (2026): Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research
Publisher : Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/tajor.v4i1.103349

Background. Sports competitions are significant psychological stress factors for athletes, increasing the risk of sports injuries. Exposure to psychological stressors during sports competitions like fear of failure, fear of being evaluated by others, excessive excitation from a high degree of responsibility for performance, can cause attention disruption and disturbance of the athlete’s psychomotor skill performance. As a result, there is an increased risk of injury during sports competitions. Objectives. This research aims to study relationship between levels of psychological stress during competition and probability of athletes sustaining injuries. Methods. The correlational research design was conducted with young athletes involved in individual sports and team sports. The subjects of this study were all athletes affiliated with Iraqi clubs, schools, and universities who compete in national, regional, and local competitions—approximately 50 to 100 male and female athletes. Structured questionnaires were utilized to collect data on psychological variables: competition anxiety, psychological stress level, fear of failure, and probability of sports injuries. Descriptive statistics (Mean, SD, CV) were calculated for demographic data, psychological variables and Pearson correlation analysis was performed. Results. A moderate positive correlation between psychological anxiety and probability of sports injuries was found (r = 0.68; p = 0.001), indicating that as psychological anxiety increases so does the probability of sports injuries. There was a moderate positive correlation between psychological stress level and probability of sports injuries (r = 0.65; p = 0.002), suggesting that as psychological stress level increase so does the probability of sports injuries. There was a strong positive correlation between fear of failure and probability of sports injuries (r = 0.70; p = 0.001), suggesting that as fear of failure increases so does the probability of sports injuries. Conclusion. This study concluded that psychological stress during sports competitions had a correlation with sports injuries. This study adds to the body of knowledge by showing how psychological preparation should be taken seriously and implemented during athletes’ training to avoid sports injuries.

Factors influencing student engagement in physical education: Evidence from urban and rural secondary schools in Tanzania Mduwile, Peter Lameck; Lufunga, Janeth; Goswami, Dulumoni
Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research Vol 4, No 1 (2026): Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research
Publisher : Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/tajor.v4i1.96833

Background. Learning outcomes in physical education (PE) are dependent on student engagement. Student engagement refers to the level of motivation, participation, and students’ propensity to remain active learners over time. Differences in school resources and socio-economic status between urban and rural schools may result in varied levels of student engagement towards learning PE. Objectives. To explore factors that influence student engagement in physical education among secondary school students in urban and rural schools in Tanzania. Methods. Employing a sequential mixed-methods approach, data was collected from 12 secondary schools selected from three regions in Tanzania (Dar es Salaam, Morogoro, and Dodoma). Quantitative data was collected through student engagement questionnaires. Qualitative data was collected through teacher interviews and classroom observation. The independent sample t-test and regression were used to compare and identify factors contributing to student engagement between urban and rural schools. Results. Statistically significant differences were found between urban and rural students’ engagement levels. Students from urban schools scored higher on behavioral engagement (3.8±0.6 vs 3.4±0.7; p=0.014), emotional engagement (3.6±0.5 vs 2.9±0.6; p=0.001), and cognitive engagement scores (3.7±0.5 vs 3.1±0.6; p=0.002). Teacher quality of instruction, learning resources, and parental academic support had positive contributions to student engagement, while household responsibilities and lack of sports infrastructure had negative contributions towards rural students’ engagement. Conclusion. Student engagement in PE is influenced by factors within and outside the education system which create achievement gaps between urban and rural schools. Recommendations: To close achievement gaps, programs should be developed to increase access to quality teacher training, technological resources, and sports infrastructure. Parental involvement should also be considered a mechanism to help increase equitable student engagement.

The effectiveness of social recreational games on the psychological skills of wheelchair tennis players Hamzah, Marwah Ali
Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research Vol 4, No 1 (2026): Tanjungpura Journal of Coaching Research
Publisher : Universitas Tanjungpura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26418/tajor.v4i1.103345

Background. Visualization, attention control, self-confidence, relaxation, anxiety management, and achievement motivation are among the main psychological skills needed to play wheelchair tennis. Several approaches emphasize training methods while preparing disabled athletes; however, they focus primarily on technical skills and physical preparation, giving scant consideration to psychological preparation. Adapted sports players can improve their psychological skills by playing social recreational games within a stimulating environment in addition to not losing their motivation. Objectives. The purpose of this paper is to develop social recreational games for wheelchair tennis players, identify the current state of psychological skills among wheelchair tennis players, and determine the impact of social recreational games on these skills. Methods. An experimental approach was used with two equivalent groups and pretest–posttest design. The study population was 13wheelchair players in the Al-Majd Iraqi Federation team during the season (2024–2025). Twelve players were randomly allocated to two groups; an experimental group (n = 6) and control group (n = 6). The dependent variable was players’ psychological skills that were measured using the Bull et al., (1996). This scale has six dimensions of psychology skills. After finishing their training sessions, the experimental group played 12 social recreational games for 20–30 minutes, three times per week for eight weeks. Results. There was a significant difference in the means of scores of psychology skills in the experimental and control groups before and after intervention (p < 0.05). However, the difference in improvement was in favor of the experimental group as it ranged from (31.562 to 43.897). In contrast, it ranged from (30.666 to 37.988) in the control group, and there was a statistically significant difference in the two groups’ post-test scores (t = 11.533; p < 0.05). Conclusion. Playing social recreational games improved wheelchair tennis players’ psychological skills. The current study provided coaches and trainers with a clear recreational training model.

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Contact Name
Didi Suryadi

Contact Email
tajorjurnal@fkip.untan.ac.id

Phone
+6289614568413

Journal Mail Official
tajorjurnal@fkip.untan.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jl. Prof. Dr. Hadari Mawawi, Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat

Location
Kota pontianak,

Kalimantan barat

INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

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Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Home Page

OAI Link

Editorial Team

Contact

Reviewer

Google Scholar

Contact Name Didi Suryadi

Contact Email tajorjurnal@fkip.untan.ac.id

Phone +6289614568413

Journal Mail Official tajorjurnal@fkip.untan.ac.id

Editorial Address Jl. Prof. Dr. Hadari Mawawi, Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat

Location Kota pontianak, Kalimantan barat INDONESIA

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Abstract

Contact Name
Didi Suryadi

Contact Email
tajorjurnal@fkip.untan.ac.id

Phone
+6289614568413

Journal Mail Official
tajorjurnal@fkip.untan.ac.id

Editorial Address
Jl. Prof. Dr. Hadari Mawawi, Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat

Location
Kota pontianak,

Kalimantan barat

INDONESIA