IJRETINA - International Journal of Retina
International Journal of Retina is an open access journal, accepting article in English language from all over the worlds. The aims is to provide international researchers, doctors, and clinicians in the basic and clinical fields of ophthalmology, especially retina to publish the original article, case reports, or systematic review.
Articles
157 Documents
<![CDATA[Challenges in Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Retinitis Management ]]>
<![CDATA[Denisa Rosati]]>;
<![CDATA[Sauli Ari Widjaja]]>;
<![CDATA[Wimbo Sasono]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Firmansjah]]>;
<![CDATA[Ima Yustiarini]]>;
<![CDATA[Ady Dwi Prakosa]]>;
<![CDATA[Moestidjab Moestidjab]]>;
<![CDATA[Gatut Suhendro]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Retina Vol 2 No 2 (2019): International Journal of Retina (IJRetina) - INAVRS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Vitreoretinal Society ]]>
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DOI: 10.35479/ijretina.2019.vol002.iss002.91
<![CDATA[Introduction: HIV infection can manifest in a variety of ways in and around the eyes and it is most commonly due to retinal microvasculopathy, neoplasm and also opportunistic infection. Those usually occur associated with a significantly reduced CD4 T-cell counts. In this era of Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy (HAART) has caused a major decreasing of the ocular involvement prevalence itself. Case presentation : A 31 year-old-male came with blurred vision on the right eye, which has started 3 years ago and slowly worsened. Central scotoma also presented previously. Patient was an HIV-AIDS, that placed him on HAART. CD4+ T-lymphocyte count was 3 cells/mm3. The initial visual acuity was light perception and fundus examination showed Roth spots, massive exudates and hemorrhages covering the optic disc and decreased foveal reflex. Laboratory examination revealed positive Rubella and anti-CMV immunoglobulin-G (IgG). He also suffered from lung tuberculosis and took tuberculosis medication regularly. Patient was diagnosed with Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis based on history of illness, fundus examination as well as laboratory testing and given oral induction valganciclovir 900 mg once daily for 3 weeks followed by maintenance dosage . Result : After valganciclovir induction, there was significant changes with decreased peripapillary exudates, hemorrhages and vasculitis, but the optic disc appeared pale. The patient also had bicytopenia due to valganciclovir therapy that complicate his condition and passed away after 3 months follow up. Conclusion: CMV retinitis is reported to occur in patient with extreme CD4 count usually less than 50 cells/mm3. The sooner of proper treatment would likely following better outcome. Making diagnosis of immunosuppresed patient with ocular manifestations was challenging so that comprehensive eye examination in HIV-infected individuals should be conducted. Oral valganciclovir could give satisfactory response to decrease the progression of retinitis but risk of blindness may still occur.]]>
<![CDATA[Clinical Features and Factors Affecting the Success of Retinal Vasculitis Therapy ]]>
<![CDATA[Lia Meuthia Zaini]]>;
<![CDATA[Arief Kartasasmita]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Retina Vol 3 No 2 (2020): International Journal of Retina (IJRetina) - INAVRS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Vitreoretinal Society ]]>
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DOI: 10.35479/ijretina.2020.vol003.iss002.118
<![CDATA[Introduction: Retinal vasculitis is an inflammatory eye condition that threatens vision. Inflammation occurs in the branches of retinal arteries, cause by primary ocular diseases or associated with other diseases. This study aims to describe clinical features and factors affecting therapeutic success in 52 patients with retinal vasculitis. Methods: This study was conducted using retrospective cohort in Retina Clinic of Cicendo Eye Hospital for vasculitis patients from January 1st- December 31st 2017. Data were collected retrospectively from the ophthalmic records of 52 patients (74 affected eyes). Descriptive analysis was performed on all data, chi-square and eksak fisher test were used to analyze risk factor and factors affecting the success of therapy. Result: Out of 529 vasculitis and vitreous hemorrhage cases, retinal vasculitis was found in 52 patients (9.8%). Mean age of retinal vasculitis patients were 42.3 years (range: 13-74 years). 35 patients (62.3%) were men and 22 patients (42.3%) had bilateral retinal vasculitis. Most patients (73%) had positive results for history of TORCH infections, and 23.76 % for tuberculosis. At initial presentation, almost all patients (93.2%) came with chief complaint of blurry vision, 42 patients (56.8%) came with baseline visual acuity £20/200. Vitreous hemorrhage was identified from retinal examination in 43 patients (58.1%). Therapeutic success was found better in patients with systemic involvement (74,1%). Conclusion: Despite limitation of facility in our hospital, therapeutic success rate of retinal vasculitis patients was quite good. Better laboratory investigation and other supporting examinations are still needed to obtain good therapeutic results and to conduct further study about the disease. Tuberculosis, TORCH, and autoimmune test are important examination when managing retinal vasculitis.]]>
<![CDATA[DIFFERENCES OF APOLIPOPROTEIN A1 AND APOLIPOPROTEIN B LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS (T2DM) PATIENTS WITH DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AND WITHOUT DIABETIC RETINOPATHY ]]>
<![CDATA[hanifah, shabrina]]>;
<![CDATA[Agni, Angela Nurini]]>;
<![CDATA[Mahayana, Indra Tri]]>;
<![CDATA[Suhardjo, Suhardjo]]>;
<![CDATA[Triyono, Teguh]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Retina Vol 4 No 2 (2021): International Journal of Retina (IJRetina) - INAVRS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Vitreoretinal Society ]]>
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DOI: 10.35479/ijretina.2021.vol004.iss002.153
<![CDATA[Introduction Apolipoprotein A1 are antiatherogenic in blood serum and have an anti-inflammatory while Apolipoprotein B describes a protein structure that is potentially atherogenic.. Meanwhile, the inflammatory process plays a role in the diabetic retinopathy process. The aim of this study was to determine whether there were differences in the levels of apolipoprotein A1 and B in diabetic retinopathy patients and without diabetic retinopathy. Methods: This study used a cross sectional design. The subjects of this study were type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with diabetic retinopathy and without diabetic retinopathy at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital from July to September 2020. Subjects consisted of 32 patients in the group with diabetic retinopathy and 31 patients without diabetic retinopathy. The levels of apolipoprotein A1 and apolipoprotein B were analyzed using independent T test. The factors affecting apolipoprotein A1 and apolipoprotein B were analyzed using multiple regression tests. Result: There were no significant differences (p> 0.05) in age, gender, duration of diabetes, HDL, triglycerides, HbA1c, BMI, physical activity, and smoking history. The mean apolipoprotein A1 level in the diabetic retinopathy group was 1.46 ± 0.177 mg / dL higher than the non-diabetic retinopathy group, namely 1.44 ± 0.27 mg / dL (p = 0.699). The mean level of apolipoprotein B in the diabetic retinopathy group was 1.26 ± 0.289 mg / dl higher than the non-diabetic retinopathy group 1.01 ± 0.26 mg / dL (p = 0.001). The mean LDL levels were 162.5 ± 48.38 mmol / L in the diabetic retinopathy group and 127 ± 38.45 mmol / L in the group without diabetic retinopathy (p = 0.012). Conclusion: Apolipoprotein B levels were found to be higher in the group with diabetic retinopathy than in the group without diabetic retinopathy and there was a significant difference between the two assumed due to an atherogenic process in the diabetic retinopathy group. Further research is needed to assess the causal relationship between elevated levels of Apo B and the incidence of diabetic retinopathy by calculating the ratio of apolipoprotein B to apolipoprotein A1. Keywords: Apolipoprotein A1, Apolipoprotein B, Diabetic Retinopathy]]>
<![CDATA[RETINAL IMPAIRMENT ASSOCIATED WITH LONG-TERM USE OF RITONAVIR AMONG HIV PATIENTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW FOR PRIMARY EYE CARE PRACTICE ]]>
<![CDATA[Zakirunallah - Karunia]]>;
<![CDATA[Ivana Beatrice Alberta]]>;
<![CDATA[Salsha Alyfa Rahmani]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Retina Vol 5 No 1 (2022): International Journal of Retina (IJRetina) - INAVRS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Vitreoretinal Society ]]>
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DOI: 10.35479/ijretina.2022.vol005.iss001.179
<![CDATA[Introduction: Ritonavir as part of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) is a potent inhibitor of HIV protease that have been reported causing retinal impairment in the long term use. Primary eye care (PEC) is an integral part of primary health care that provides an early screening for drug induced retinal toxicity, by using a funduscopy examination. This study proposed to review and analyze some case reports conducted on long-term use of ritonavir that affects retinal impairment among HIV patients, in primary eye care practice. Methods: PubMed and Google Scholar were used to perform a systematic review of retinal impairment associated with long-term use of ritonavir among HIV patients. Using PRISMA 2020 Guidelines, nine case reports and one case series were included in this review. Result: Funduscopy mainly showed bilateral Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE) atrophy with hypertrophy or mottling. Two cases found bilateral crystalline deposits with pigment disruption. One case showed rounded hypopigmented lesion. Bilateral subtle annular pattern of RPE was found in one case. Bilateral retinitis pigmentosa-like appearance found in one case while another found unilateral hyperemic lesion at the left fovea. Conclusion: Retinal impairment detected on funduscopy occurred in HIV patients on long-term use of ritonavir.]]>
<![CDATA[Outcome of Vitrectomy Surgery in Dropped Nucleus at Jakarta Eye Center ]]>
<![CDATA[Referano Agustiawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Elvioza Elvioza]]>;
<![CDATA[Soedarman Sjamsoe]]>;
<![CDATA[Waldensius Girsang]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Retina Vol 1 No 2 (2018): International Journal of Retina (IJRetina) - INAVRS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Vitreoretinal Society ]]>
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DOI: 10.35479/ijretina.2018.vol001.iss002.28
<![CDATA[Introduction: To report management and outcome of dropped nucleus in Jakarta Eye Center Methods: Retrospective review of the records of 19 consecutive patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy for retain lens fragments at Jakarta Eye Center from January 2010 to September 2012. Result: The mean age of the patient was 57 years (range 48-79). There were 10 males (53%) and 9 females (47%). 10 patients (53%) had vitrectomy within 1 day of phacoemulsification, 6(32%) within 1 week and 3(15%) after more than 1 week. Eight patients (42%) achieved a final visual acuity of 0.5 or better, only 3 patients (15%) had final visual acuity 1-meter finger counting or worse. 74% patient achieved final acuity better than pre-op (14 patients). Early vitrectomy group has 3 patients (30%) with complication, intermediate vitrectomy group has 33% complication and late vitrectomy has 33 % complication. Posterior chamber IOL were implanted in 12 patients (63%), 2 patients had scleral fixation IOL, anterior chamber IOL in 2 patients, and only 3 patients (16%) were left aphakic. Conclusion: Surgical management in cases of nucleus drop in JEC showed good result with very limited complications. In most cases, vitrectomy was performed immediately after cataract surgery. Early vitrectomy has no significant differences in complications and visual outcome than 1 week vitrectomy and late vitrectomy after cataract surgery.]]>
<![CDATA[Sequential applied Benzalkonium Chloride and Insulin Eye Drops Reduces Ocular Central Macular Thickness and Improves vision of Diabetics and Non-Diabetics ]]>
<![CDATA[Herman C.I. Themen]]>;
<![CDATA[Jerry R. Toelsie]]>;
<![CDATA[Jerrel C. Pawiroredjo]]>;
<![CDATA[Dinesh Jiawan]]>;
<![CDATA[Robbert Bipat]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Retina Vol 3 No 2 (2020): International Journal of Retina (IJRetina) - INAVRS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Vitreoretinal Society ]]>
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DOI: 10.35479/ijretina.2020.vol003.iss002.105
<![CDATA[Introduction: Macular Edema is a rather disabling condition that can be the consequence of several disorders of the eye. Most of the time it occurs in patients suffering from diabetic eye retinopathy. The exact pathophysiological mechanism of this condition is not clear, but it is probably the result of inflammatory processes or structural and mechanical disturbances of the vitreomacular tissue. Due to this obscure pathophysiological mechanism, a targeted efficient treatment is still lacking. However, accumulating evidence is suggesting that local application of insulin might reduce the structural and functional defects of this disorder. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of sequential applied benzalkonium chloride and Insulin eye drops on the visual acuity and central macular thickness of eyes suffering from macular edema. Methods: Patients refractive to or refusing treatment with anti-VEGF agents were selected. Their visual acuity and central macular thickness were measured immediately before and until six months after treatment. The treatment consisted of twice a day application of specially prepared benzalkonium chloride and Insulin eye drops. Results are expressed as mean ± SD. The procedures followed were all in line with the guides for ethics of the hospital and were not in conflict with the declaration of Helsinki. Result: After six months, the mean visual acuity increased significantly from 0.28±0.17 to 0.53±0.27 (p = 0.001) and the central macular thickness decreased from 393±122 µm to 250±72 µm (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: Sequential applied benzalkonium chloride and insulin eye drops improve visual acuity and reduce central macular thickness in eyes suffering from macular edema. Further studies to elucidate the exact mechanism of action are necessary. Apart from this, the use of these drops may prove to be a cheaper and more efficient method to treat the rather disabling condition.]]>
<![CDATA[The Outcome of Vitrectomy in Macular Hole at Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital ]]>
<![CDATA[Andi Arus Victor]]>;
<![CDATA[Eko Hadi Waluyojati]]>;
<![CDATA[Ari Djatikusumo]]>;
<![CDATA[Elvioza Elvioza]]>;
<![CDATA[Gitalisa Andayani]]>;
<![CDATA[Anggun Rama Yudantha]]>;
<![CDATA[Mario Marbungaran Hutapea]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Retina Vol 4 No 1 (2021): International Journal of Retina (IJRetina) - INAVRS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Vitreoretinal Society ]]>
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DOI: 10.35479/ijretina.2021.vol004.iss001.150
<![CDATA[Introduction: This study aims to determine the anatomical and functional outcomes in patients with macular hole (MH) underwent vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling. Method: A descriptive retrospective study at Vitreoretinal Division of Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia – Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital (FKUI-RSCM). Secondary data obtained from medical records of patient with MH within January – December 2017. The anatomical outcome was observed from the closure of MH. Functional outcome was observed from post-operative visual acuity at day-1, month-1, month-3, and month-6. Results: 16 patients who met the criteria were included in this study. MH closure was observed in 43.8% of cases and failed closure in 56.2%. Improvement of visual acuity was observed on closure cases in 3 months and 6 months, occurred in 71.43% and 100% of cases, respectively. Conclusion: MH closure rate was 43.8%. Satisfying result of improvement in visual acuity achieved after vitrectomy with ILM peeling.]]>
<![CDATA[Prevalence and Associated Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy in People with Type 2 Diabetes Attending Community Based Diabetic Retinopathy Screening in Greater Bandung, Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Halim, Aldiana]]>;
<![CDATA[Syumarti, Syumarti]]>;
<![CDATA[Rini, Mayang]]>;
<![CDATA[Ratnaningsih, Nina]]>;
<![CDATA[Iskandar, Erwin]]>;
<![CDATA[Sovani, Iwan]]>;
<![CDATA[Virgana, Rova]]>;
<![CDATA[Dahlan, Muhammad Rinaldi]]>
<![CDATA[ International Journal of Retina Vol 5 No 1 (2022): International Journal of Retina (IJRetina) - INAVRS ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Indonesian Vitreoretinal Society ]]>
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DOI: 10.35479/ijretina.2022.vol005.iss001.172
<![CDATA[Introduction: Determine the prevalence and associated factors of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among people with type 2 diabetes. Design: Cross-sectional study Methods: We obtained data of people with type 2 diabetes retrospectively from a community-based DR screening database in Greater Bandung, Indonesia. We encoded the two fields mydriatic 45-degree fundus images to estimate prevalence. The associated factors analysis used multivariate logistic regression. Results: We screened a total of 4,251 people with type 2 diabetes from January 2016 to December 2019. The overall age-standardised prevalence of any DR was 30.7% (95% CI: 28.7%-32.8%) and vision-threatening DR 7.6% (95% CI: 6.5%-9.0%). The following factors were associated with a higher prevalence of any DR: ages 50+ (OR:1.37; 95% CI:1.05-1.77), duration of diabetes five to ten years (OR:1.38; 95% CI:1.11-1.71) and more than ten years (OR:1.40; 95% CI:1.13-1.73), and postprandial blood glucose 200 mg/dl and higher (OR:1.27; 95% CI:1.03-1.52). The following factors were associated with a higher prevalence of vision-threatening DR: duration of diabetes five to ten years (OR:2.01; 95% CI:1.39-2.91) and more than ten years (OR:1.86; 95% CI:1.28-2.71), postprandial blood glucose 200 mg/dl or higher (OR:1.52; 95% CI:1.05-2.21) and systolic blood pressure 180 mmHg or higher (OR:2.67; 95% CI:1.16-6.17). Conclusion: Diabetic retinopathy is prevalent among people with type 2 diabetes. People with diabetes should regulate their blood glucose and blood pressure to prevent retinopathy related vision loss.]]>
