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PPSDP International Journal of Education
Published by Perkumpulan Program Studi Doktor Pendidikan
ISSN : 28303229     EISSN : 28295196     DOI : https://doi.org/10.59175/pijed
Core Subject : Education, Social,
Education Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Mathematics Social Sciences Other
The PPSDP International Journal of Education is published by Perkumpulan Program Studi Doktor Pendidikan with E-ISSN: 2829-5196 and P-ISSN: 2830-3229. This journal is an interdisciplinary publication of original research and writing on education that publishes papers to international audiences of educational researchers. This journal aims to provide a forum for scholarly understanding of the field of education and plays an important role in promoting the process that accumulated knowledge, values, and skills are transmitted from one generation to another; and to make methods and contents of evaluation and research in education available to teachers, administrators and research workers. The journal encompasses a variety of topics, including child development, curriculum, reading comprehension, philosophies of education and educational approaches, etc.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Pendidikan
Articles 399 Documents
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Defense R&D Policies, Innovation Capability, and Firm Profitability in Emerging Economies: A Scoping Review Eko Teguh Wahyudi; Muliahadi Tumanggor; Sri Murtiana
PPSDP International Journal of Education Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): PPSDP International Journal of Education
Publisher : Perkumpulan Program Studi Doktor Pendidikan (PPSDP)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59175/pijed.v5i2.918

Abstract

This study maps policy instruments, influence pathways, and research gaps connecting defense research and development (R&D) policies, innovation capability, and firm performance in emerging markets, addressing scattered evidence linking these policies to firm profitability. A scoping review was conducted using PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Open-access Scopus records were screened using a Population-Concept-Context (PCC) framework; 160 records were identified, and 18 studies were included after title, abstract, and full-text assessment. Key instruments identified include public R&D funding, procurement, civil–military integration, offsets, technology transfer, institutional collaboration, cluster or national champion formation, financing support, and business model innovation. These policies are primarily associated with increased R&D intensity, patents, absorptive capacity, technological readiness, commercialization, sales, exports, and productivity. However, direct accounting evidence based on ROA or NPM remains limited, descriptive, or self-reported. This review uniquely synthesizes fragmented evidence on defense R&D policy effectiveness in emerging economies, identifying critical gaps in objective financial performance measurement. Findings guide policymakers in designing evidence-based defense R&D instruments while highlighting the need for standardized accounting metrics to evaluate firm-level outcomes. This research contributes a comprehensive policy-instrument taxonomy and identifies pathways linking defense R&D to innovation and performance, offering a foundational reference for future empirical studies in emerging market contexts.
Balancing Transparency and National Security in Defense Procurement: A Hybrid Model for Indonesia’s Major Weapons Systems Acquisition Okky Anugerah Sakti; Guntur Eko Saputro; Sri Sundari
PPSDP International Journal of Education Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): PPSDP International Journal of Education
Publisher : Perkumpulan Program Studi Doktor Pendidikan (PPSDP)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59175/pijed.v5i2.919

Abstract

The procurement of major weapons systems in Indonesia presents a persistent policy dilemma between market-based transparency requirements and the strategic necessity of direct appointments for national security interests. This qualitative study employs a comparative approach integrating principal-agent theory, market failure analysis, and security economics to evaluate the effectiveness of competitive tendering versus direct appointment in Indonesian defense procurement. Analysis of regulatory frameworks, particularly Law No. 3/2002 and Presidential Regulation No. 46/2025, and procurement practices indicates that neither mechanism is universally superior. Competitive tendering can mitigate agency problems through supplier competition when qualified alternatives exist, but its effectiveness declines in oligopolistic defense markets characterized by information asymmetry and high entry barriers. Direct appointment supports urgent operational requirements and protects strategic information, yet increases risks of moral hazard, supplier dependency, and weak price verification, including potential cost overruns. This study proposes a hybrid procurement model that prioritizes competitive mechanisms for standardized and non-sensitive acquisitions while permitting direct appointment under clearly defined criteria, including confidentiality, high technology, operational urgency, interoperability, and limited supplier availability. Policy recommendations emphasize strengthening probity audit functions of the Government Internal Supervisory Apparatus and the Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia, international price benchmarking, clearer confidentiality classifications, and mandatory cost transparency with independent oversight. This framework promotes risk-proportionate governance that balances public accountability with Indonesia’s defense sovereignty.
Economic Development Strategies Based on Food Self-Sufficiency in Indonesia: An Ends-Ways-Means Analysis Windy Widya Putri; Sri Murtiana; Guntur Eko Saputro
PPSDP International Journal of Education Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): PPSDP International Journal of Education
Publisher : Perkumpulan Program Studi Doktor Pendidikan (PPSDP)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59175/pijed.v5i2.920

Abstract

This study analyzes economic development strategies based on food self-sufficiency using the Ends-Ways-Means framework. A qualitative approach employing literature review and policy analysis was adopted, drawing on government publications, statistical data, and scientific literature. Findings indicate significant progress: rice production increased 13.29% to 60.21 million tons in 2025, rice imports declined 57.17%, and the Prevalence of Undernourishment decreased to 7.89%. Strategies include irrigation rehabilitation, government purchase price adjustments, fertilizer subsidies, agricultural modernization, and dual-track land policy. However, regional disparities, budget absorption constraints (72.41%), and human resource limitations persist. Food self-sufficiency can serve as an economic development strategy supporting national resilience when underpinned by integrated policies, equitable resource distribution, institutional strengthening, and sustainable financing. The findings recommend stronger agricultural governance, closer coordination among ministries, higher budget absorption, and smaller regional food security gaps through affirmative action and fiscal incentives. The study extends strategic studies into development economics. It also shows how food self-sufficiency can drive inclusive growth and national resilience, supporting the “Golden Indonesia 2045” vision.
Court vs. Aquatic Upper and Lower Limb Strength Training for Female Basketball Shooting and Passing Yosra Hasoon Motashar; Afrah Abelqader Abbas; Adnan Mohsin Abbood
PPSDP International Journal of Education Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): PPSDP International Journal of Education
Publisher : Perkumpulan Program Studi Doktor Pendidikan (PPSDP)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59175/pijed.v5i2.909

Abstract

This study aimed to identify which strength-training method is more effective for developing layup scoring abilities among junior national team basketball players: training on basketball courts (hard or rubber floors) or training in an aquatic environment. An experimental method was employed with junior national team players during the 2024 sports season. Participants were trained using strength exercises in the two environments, and layup scoring abilities were compared between groups. The findings showed that strength training on basketball courts and in aquatic environments both positively affected the development of abilities related to layup scoring. However, significant differences emerged between the court-trained and aquatic-trained groups in favor of the aquatic environment group, indicating that aquatic strength training was more effective. This study uniquely compares aquatic-medium strength training with conventional court-based training for layup scoring in junior basketball, addressing an underexplored training modality in Iraqi basketball practice. Coaches should consider incorporating strength training in the aquatic environment because of its positive impact on developing layup shooting abilities, while court-based training remains beneficial. This research contributes empirical evidence to basketball training design, supporting the integration of aquatic strength training as an effective method for enhancing performance-specific abilities such as layup scoring in junior players.
Teacher Motivation and Learner Motivation in Sustainable Education: A Review of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors in Nepal Shiv Ram Pandey; Julie Simon Macariola; Atul Kumar; Prodhan Mahbub Ibna Seraj; Syeda Tehreem Fatima
PPSDP International Journal of Education Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): PPSDP International Journal of Education
Publisher : Perkumpulan Program Studi Doktor Pendidikan (PPSDP)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59175/pijed.v5i2.923

Abstract

Teacher motivation is widely recognized as a key condition for quality instruction and sustainable education. This study examines the relationship between teacher motivation and learner motivation, focusing on intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence classroom performance. The study is based on a review of literature and policy documents on teacher motivation in Nepal, complemented by qualitative analysis of existing empirical studies. Findings indicate that intrinsic factors such as self-realization, competence, recognition, and interpersonal relationships are stronger predictors of teacher performance than extrinsic factors such as salary and promotion. Motivated teachers are more likely to create engaging learning environments, sustain learner motivation, and support sustainable education goals. However, demotivating conditions including low pay, poor working conditions, limited professional development, and weak leadership continue to constrain teacher effectiveness in Nepal. The study argues that sustainable education requires systematic attention to both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation through supportive leadership, fair compensation, professional development, and recognition. The findings have implications for policymakers, school leaders, and teacher educators seeking to strengthen motivation for quality education.
From Consumption To Investment: Defense Spending and Strategic Industrial Development In Indonesia Valentino Partogi Siagian; Suwito Suwito; Muliahadi Tumanggor
PPSDP International Journal of Education Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): PPSDP International Journal of Education
Publisher : Perkumpulan Program Studi Doktor Pendidikan (PPSDP)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59175/pijed.v5i2.926

Abstract

Indonesia’s defense budget has increased substantially, yet spending remains dominated by routine operational and management needs rather than productive investment. This study analyzes the transformation of Indonesia’s defense spending into strategic investment through a “spend-to-invest” approach in support of the Asta Cita national development agenda. Using a descriptive qualitative design and document analysis of defense spending data from 2021 to 2025, the study finds that the defense budget rose from Rp154.88 trillion in 2021 to Rp264.35 trillion in 2025, but the spending structure remains oriented toward management support and operational needs. Investment in research and development, local content (TKDN), technology mastery, and domestic defense industry involvement remains limited. Key obstacles include routine spending dominance, import-dependent procurement, weak technology transfer, and reliance on foreign components. The study recommends a five-pillar “spend-to-invest” model: budget recomposition, local-content-based procurement, research and technology transfer, domestic supply chain resilience, and indicator-based governance. This model can strengthen industrial self-reliance and economic resilience in support of Indonesia Emas 2045.
Military Leadership Research: A Systematic and Bibliometric Review of Publication Trends, Themes, and Future Directions Tony Sardianto Nugroho; Guntur Eko Saputro; Heru Dewanto; Susilo Wardoyo
PPSDP International Journal of Education Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): PPSDP International Journal of Education
Publisher : Perkumpulan Program Studi Doktor Pendidikan (PPSDP)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59175/pijed.v5i2.927

Abstract

This study explores the development, geographic distribution, and themes of military leadership research and suggests directions for future research, particularly in Indonesia. A combined systematic review and bibliometric analysis were performed on Scopus-indexed papers. Using the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 848 records were screened for article type, English language, and open-access status, resulting in 135 articles analyzed. Bibliometric and keyword co-occurrence analyses were conducted using VOSviewer. Results show a notable growth in military leadership research, with 105 articles (78%) published between 2021 and 2026. The U.S. was the most prolific, with strong research links across Europe, while Indonesia was represented by three publications. Key themes include military personnel, leadership, psychology, resilience, training, performance, leadership development, military health, innovation, mission command, and artificial intelligence. The study concludes that military leadership is evolving from a conventional command-centric perspective into a multidimensional capability. The study recommends that future research focus on underrepresented contexts, particularly Indonesia and other Southeast Asia's countries, and further examine the relationship between military leadership, resilience, organizational performance, and technological transformation, while adapting established leadership concepts to various institutional and cultural contexts.
Middle East Conflict and Indonesia’s Macroeconomic Vulnerability: Exchange Rate, Inflation, and Fiscal Space Transmission Channels Lulu Nabian; Sri Sundari; Djamarel Hermanto
PPSDP International Journal of Education Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): PPSDP International Journal of Education
Publisher : Perkumpulan Program Studi Doktor Pendidikan (PPSDP)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59175/pijed.v5i2.928

Abstract

This study aims to develop a conceptual framework explaining how geopolitical risk from Middle East conflict is transmitted to the Indonesian economy through three main channels: the exchange rate, inflation, and fiscal space. A descriptive qualitative approach with a literature review design was employed. Relevant literature was identified through Scopus, Google Scholar, and SINTA-indexed national journals using keywords related to geopolitical risk, exchange rate pass-through, oil price shocks, fiscal space, and the State Budget (APBN). Sources were screened for thematic relevance, Indonesian context, academic quality, and substantive contribution. Analysis involved literature identification, thematic grouping, and conceptual synthesis. The review indicates that geopolitical risk transmission is neither linear nor uniform, with the three channels reinforcing one another. Holding administered energy prices down shifts pressure from consumer inflation to the State Budget; Rupiah depreciation may raise import costs and foreign currency liabilities; higher energy prices may intensify inflationary pressures and subsidy needs. Higher export commodity prices may generate additional revenues, so net effects depend on trade structure, external conditions, policy responses, and fiscal capacity. The study proposes an integrated framework linking the three transmission channels and identifies reinforcing and mitigating factors, addressing a gap in cohesive conceptualization of cross-country geopolitical shocks for Indonesia. The framework highlights the need for coordinated exchange rate, inflation, and fiscal policy responses, particularly regarding administered energy pricing and subsidy design. This research contributes a conceptual foundation for future empirical testing using VAR, SVAR, TVP-VAR, or nonlinear models with Indonesian data, supporting evidence-based policy analysis of geopolitical risk transmission.
Opportunity Cost of Limited Border-Crossing Services at the Temajuk–Telok Melano Corridor, Indonesia: A Defense-Economics Assessment: Economic Dede Rismawan; Ivan Yulivan; Sri Iswati
PPSDP International Journal of Education Vol. 5 No. 2 (2026): PPSDP International Journal of Education
Publisher : Perkumpulan Program Studi Doktor Pendidikan (PPSDP)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59175/pijed.v5i2.930

Abstract

Indonesia reactivated the Temajuk Border Crossing Post (PLB Temajuk) on 21 August 2026, reopening the Temajuk–Telok Melano corridor. Services remain limited to pedestrian crossings by border residents, and the post has not yet attained full customs-area status or vehicle crossings. This study estimates the opportunity cost of this limited operationalization from a defense-economics perspective. Using a desk-based secondary valuation design, we combine a relatively calibrated gravity model—benchmarked to foreign-visitor flows at PLBN Aruk—with benefit transfer, a local output multiplier, and Monte Carlo simulation (200,000 draws). At a 50% realization penetration rate, median potential visits are 7,100 per year (P10–P90: 3,000–13,600). The associated foregone tourism foreign exchange is Rp9.0 billion per year (Rp3.7–17.9 billion), local output stimulus is Rp19.4 billion (Rp7.6–42.6 billion), and potential own-source revenue (PAD) for Sambas Regency is Rp266 million (Rp110–527 million). These estimates are conditional on assumptions about the share of local-oriented crossers and the relative attractiveness of Temajuk. The findings support gradual opening, risk-based customs management, and rupiah-based cross-border payment arrangements.

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