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Kuntaman
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Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
Published by Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik Indonesia
ISSN : -     EISSN : 28089405     DOI : https://doi.org/10.51559/jcmid
Core Subject : Science,
Immunology & microbiology
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases; peer-reviewed journal aiming to communicate high-quality research articles, reviews, and general articles in the field. JCMID publishes articles that encompass basic research/clinical studies related to microbiology and infectious disease. The Journal aims to bridge and integrate the intellectual, methodological, and substantive diversity of medical scholarship and encourage a vigorous dialogue between medical scholars and practitioners.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Mikrobiologi (Medis)
Articles 51 Documents
 1   2   3   4   5 
A six-month epidemiologic study of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in early pandemic at Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya Pristiawan Navy Endraputra; Kuntaman; Eko Budi Khoendori
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Vol. 1 No. 1 (2021): Available Online: June 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Clinical Microbiology (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/jcmid.v1i1.1

Abstract

Background: Nosocomial infection is derived from the patient itself or transmitted across patients, healthcare workers, or the hospital environment. Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) have been recognized as the most common pathogen for nosocomial infections in Southeast Asia. Afterward, CRAB and CRPA infections increase morbidity, mortality, length of stay, and cost. This study examined the prevalence of CRAB and CRPA at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, from January to June 2020. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted retrospectively by collecting data from the first isolate per specimen per patient of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, resistant either to meropenem or imipenem from urine, blood, pus, or sputum in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya within January to June 2020. Results: A total of 311 Acinetobacter baumannii and 425 Pseudomonas aeruginosa were collected with 134 CRAB and 79 CRPA. The resistance rate of CRAB was ≥90% except for amikacin, cefoperazone-sulbactam, levofloxacin, tigecycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and fosfomycin. Moreover, CRPA had resistance ≥90% regardless of intrinsic resistance against imipenem and colistin. There was an increase in CRAB and CRPA, with the highest incidence in June 2020 in early 2020. Conclusion: The prevalence of CRAB and CRPA were 43% and 19%, respectively, in the early six months of 2020 at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya.
Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) caused by Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae: a case series Qonita Imma Irfani; Dessy Kurnia Sari; Dewi Purbaningsih; Tri Wibawa; Titik Nuryastuti
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Vol. 1 No. 1 (2021): Available Online: June 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Clinical Microbiology (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/jcmid.v1i1.2

Abstract

Introduction: A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of the urinary system, occurring in the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra. UTI incidence in Indonesia was high enough. The prevalence of UTI in the community enhances in line with the increase of age. 40-60 years had a prevalence rate of 3.2%, while at the age of  ≥65, a UTI had a prevalence rate of 20%. UTIs are among the most common infections in humans. Enterobacteria that produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) is one of the most frequent causes. Prevalence of the ESBL bacterial infection is developing due to the widespread prescription of antibiotics around the world. Thus, our articles established several UTI cases of various ages and their antibiotic susceptibility. Case Description: This case report series presents eight cases describing a UTI caused by Enterobacteriaceae producing ESBL in various ages. Data were collected retrospectively from secondary sources of laboratory results. Patient baby-child mostly had a history of sepsis. Other than that patient had hydronephrosis kidney, seizure, fever. On the other hand, the patient's old man and woman had a history of fever, shock spinal and fracture, malignancy. All patients were tested for antibiotic susceptibility and mostly still sensitive with amikacin, meropenem, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin. Conclusions: Our case series established that patients with UTI were mainly still sensitive to amikacin, meropenem, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin. We should implement and maintain contact precautions throughout the hospital wards to prevent the transmission of ESBL infections.
Current recombinant vaccine strategy as a novel approach to prevent Ebola virus diseases: a literature review Agus Simahendra; Ni Luh Putu Harta Wedari; I Wayan Adi Pranata; Ni Nyoman Sri Budayanti
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Vol. 1 No. 1 (2021): Available Online: June 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Clinical Microbiology (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/jcmid.v1i1.3

Abstract

Ebola virus has resulted in a devastating hemorrhagic fever epidemic spanning several African countries and leading to thousands of deaths. There have been no vaccines approved or medication strategies toward successful prophylaxis and therapeutics critical until the rVSV-ZEBOV vaccine approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December 2019 as a preventative measure for people aged 18 years old and/or older. Several experimental vaccines are showing some promise. The most advanced vaccine is the clinically tested recombinant vesicular-stomatitis virus (rVSV) which encodes EBOV glycoprotein, widely known as the V920 vaccine candidate. This vaccine induces antibody-producing responses in non-human primate models, and current clinical trials suggest protective efficacy in humans. Although generally well-tolerated, the administration of this vaccine was complicated by occurrences of side effects. The development of vaccine platforms is also challenging, given that Ebola virus diseases have now reached epidemic proportions in some localities. Outcomes in terms of viral persistence after recovery are unknown, and a study explaining the role of adaptive immunity in recovery may be essential to inform effective vaccine design. This review aims to give a basic understanding on the general immunity mechanism elicited by recombinant vector vaccines and the current implementation of this relatively new technology to tackle a major infectious disease outbreak.
Antiviral mechanisms targeting regulatory genes Tat and Rev to defeat latent HIV-1 infected T cells: a literature review Erly Sintya; Ni Luh Putu Harta Wedari; I Wayan Adi Pranata; Ni Nyoman Sri Budayanti
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Vol. 1 No. 1 (2021): Available Online: June 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Clinical Microbiology (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/jcmid.v1i1.4

Abstract

Antiviral drug therapies have been utilized to prevent disease progression in patients positive HIV-1. Various research has been conducted to investigate and develop a potential functional therapy to suppress HIV-1 replication and cure latent HIV-1 in the absence of drugs. Approaches that have been well studied are the anti-HIV-1 which targets RNAs, proteins, or peptides expressed by HIV-1 resistant cells, which can be transplanted to the patients. RNA interference in the form of small RNA has been proven as a promising therapy to prevent HIV-1 replication. It is utilized for therapy using cell transplantation and various gene combinations in clinical trials. However, many studies have been failed to show a successful eradication of latently HIV-1 infected T cells. It is happened due to the virus's ability to escape from antiviral therapies. However, this can be overcome by using a combination of ARTs. On the other hand, genetic editing has been intensively studied since it can cure various diseases caused by genetic or pathogen infections, including HIV type 1. The previous studies have designed gRNA bind to protein Cas type 9 targeting HIV functional genes, Tat and Rev sequences. Various recombination has been introduced to CRISPR-based gene editing to increase the binding affinity and efficiency of Cas9 to target Tat and Rev proteins of their exons. The best approach for the Cas9 targeted Tat and Rev is by utilizing more than one guide RNA. However, Subsequent studies are needed to confirm the ability of Cas9 with various guide RNAs to inhibit virus activation and replication in latent HIV-1. This review aims to describe the mechanisms, advantages, and disadvantages of antiviral therapies that target Tat and Rev as regulatory genes to eradicate latent HIV-1 infected T cells. 
Antifungal susceptibility profile of Candida spp. causing candidemia in an Indonesian tertiary hospital Andini Wulandari; Rebriarina Hapsari; Mujahidah; Desvita Sari; Iva Puspitasari; Dodik Tugasworo Pramukarso
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): Available Online: December 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Clinical Microbiology (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/jcmid.v1i2.5

Abstract

Introduction: Invasive candidiasis has emerged as a significant public health problem in recent years, and candidemia is the most common form. Identification of the Candida species is important since some Candida species showed an increasing trend of resistance to commonly used antifungal agents. This study was conducted to describe primary demographic data and the distribution of Candida species along with their antifungal susceptibility profiles among patients with candidemia. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study on patients with candidemia and their Candida species identification and antifungal susceptibility testing (ID&AST) results at Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Indonesia, from January 2017 to December 2020. Identification and antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida species during these 4 years were determined using the Vitek-2 system. After collecting the data, it was analyzed by using SPSS 25.sav. The data was analyzed distributively, and was presented by table and barchart. Result: A total of 85 Candida species were isolated from 74 patients. Infant age (58.10%) and intensive care (64.86%) patients contributed to most of the candidemia cases. The three most common Candida species isolated during the study period were C. parapsilosis (36.9%), C. tropicalis (25%), and C. albicans (25%). Among all Candida isolates, 98.9% were susceptible to Fluconazole and Voriconazole, 99% were susceptible to Caspofungin, Micafungin, and Flucytosine, 95.7 % were susceptible to Amphotericin B. Echinocandin resistance emerged in 2020 from a C. glabrata isolate. Conclusion: The present study, conducted in a tertiary care Indonesian hospital, showed the predominance of non-albicans Candida with favorable antifungal susceptibility profiles.
The current trend for prosthetic joint infection diagnosis from culture to molecular: a literature review Augustine Natasha; Mardiastuti Wahid; Pratiwi Sudarmono
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Vol. 1 No. 1 (2021): Available Online: June 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Clinical Microbiology (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/jcmid.v1i1.6

Abstract

Pathogen identification in prosthetic joint infection is necessary to achieve optimal patient management. The specimens for diagnosis of prosthetic joint infection could be the synovial fluid, the tissue obtained intraoperatively, and the biofilm from the implanted prosthesis. Because of the low sensitivity of the conventional specimen culture method, the preanalytic treatment of the specimen was widely studied to increase the yield of detection. This review aimed to describe the current specimen processing methods used in the clinical setting to increase the pathogen detection rate. A blood culture bottle, tissue homogenization, and explanted prosthesis sonication were the most studied methods with a good result. Molecular methods were also developed to reduce the time of pathogen detection. MALDI-TOF was studied to reduce identification time after a positive culture. Other molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing were studied to omit the culture step and reduce detection time. However, the impracticality and the inconsistent sensitivity of certain specimens from the molecular methods limit its application in the clinical setting. Specimen culture remains as a crucial step in the current prosthetic joint infection, with the improvement of the molecular methods toward a better prosthetic joint infection diagnosis. 
Identification of Paenibacillus amylolyticus as the true causative agent for a nasal septum abscess: a case report Rizalinda Sjahril; Valentine Hursepuny; Prajayanti Palulun; Nadyah; Andi Rofian Sultan
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): Available Online: December 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Clinical Microbiology (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/jcmid.v1i2.7

Abstract

Introduction: A bacteria commonly found in the environment was identified in a nasal septum abscess in a diabetic patient. The isolation of a common environment bacteria Paenibacillus amylolyticus from nasal septum abscess, particularly in a diabetic type 2 patient, was initiated argumentation whether to consider it a true pathogen that needs to be treated with antibiotics or as a contaminant that does not require antibiotic treatment. Thus, in this case, report, an evaluation of the pre-analytical and analytical phase of the laboratory identification aided in determining whether the bacterium is a contaminant or causative agent. Case description: A 58-year-old woman came to the Emergency Department with foul yellowish secretion from her left nostril that started three weeks before. She confessed to being diabetic but not under common control. Physical examination of the left nasal cavity showed signs of crust and fistula on the medial mucosal membrane, and an ulcer was seen at the upper sulcus ginggivo-buccal. Her blood pressure was 230/120 mmHg, her blood glucose was 270 mg/ dL, and her HbA1c was 13.5. Clinically, the diagnosis was nasal septum abscess with diabetes type 2 and hypertension grade 2. A swab sample was collected from the nasal lesion and transported to the laboratory at room temperature less than 2 hours. Direct Gram staining showed Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria1+, polymorphonuclear cells 3+ and epithelial 1+. Ziehl Neelsen staining was negative. While no growth was seen on chocolate agar, MacConkey agar and Saboraud dextrose agar, small greyish colonies grew on blood agar, which by Vitek2 System were identified as Paenibacillus amylolyticus. Conventional antibiotic sensitivity tests showed sensitivity to erythromycin and vancomycin. Accordingly, the patient was treated with erythromycin and metronidazole for ten days, and the nasal septum abscess was healed. Conclusion: The presence of spore-forming rod-shaped bacteria on blood agar identified as Paenibacillus amylolyticus. It was confirmed as the true causative agent of the nasal septum abscess based on the acceptable pre-analytical and analytical phases.
A rare finding of Burkholderia pseudomallei isolate from neck abscess, 4 years after the last report in Makassar: a case report Andi Meutiah Ilhamjaya; Munawir Muhammad; Ahmad Rahmat Ramadhan; Rizalinda Sjahril
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): Available Online: December 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Clinical Microbiology (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/jcmid.v1i2.8

Abstract

Introduction: Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, known as Whitmore's disease, a tropical disease in humans. The bacteria can infect humans or animals, mostly found in contaminated water and soil. It spreads by direct contact with contaminated sources, inhalation or ingestion of contaminated dust or water droplets, or contact with soil through skin abrasions. Melioidosis is highly endemic in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia but rare in Makassar. Case description: A 44-year-old woman shows a red mass on the right neck, reddish, palpable, ±6x5x4mm in size, and is soft in consistency and has a cystic impression. Direct gram showed purulent mixed with blood. 24 hours after incubation under aerobic conditions, grew small colonies, smooth, cream in color, non-lactose fermenter on Mac Conkey agar. Indirect gram shows a small, gram-negative rod (safety pins appearance). The colonies were positive in the catalase and oxidase test, with citrate and urease test was negative. Burkholderia pseudomallei was identified by Vitek2 with 97% Probability. It was susceptible to doxycycline, ceftazidime, and Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole. Conclusion: This is a rare finding in a clinical isolate found in Makassar. A newly emerged case, four years after the last report in Makassar. This is still a challenge to public health problems in Makassar, must be reported consistently and never lost to follow up to get proper treatment.
Identification of Streptococcus intermedius and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in recurrent leucorrhoea: a case report Marselinus Edwin Widyanto Daniwijaya; Atthobari; Ade Christanti Putri Sidabutar; Devi Artami Susetiati; Titik Nuryastuti
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): Available Online: December 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Clinical Microbiology (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/jcmid.v1i2.9

Abstract

Introduction: Leucorrhoea or fluor albus a whitish vaginal discharge is commonly found in reproductive women with familiar symptoms such as itching, with or without distinctive odor. Several factors are responsible for leucorrhoea including infectious and non-infectious factors. Streptococcus intermedius and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are bacteria that cause infections that are rarely found in vaginal discharge. Case description: A 23-year-old woman, with a history of recurrent vaginal discharge, presented herself in the outpatient clinic dermatology and venereology RSUP Dr. Sardjito, with the main complaint of vaginal discharge. On the previous visit to the outpatient clinic, she was diagnosed with vulvovaginal candidiasis and received Azithromycin, ketoconazole.  Microbiology culture of the vaginal swab results in two bacterial infections Streptococcus intermedius and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Conclusion: A rare finding on the identification of Streptococcus intermedius and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in outpatients with recurrent leucorrhoea. These findings suggest that Streptococcus intermedius and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia which is an uncommon profile of microorganism could also be assumed to be involved in recurrent leucorrhoea in this case report. Other pathogenic organisms should be considered since there limitation in the identification process in diagnostic of the patient.
The differences of Candida sp. colonization profiles in the sputum of lung cancer and pulmonary tuberculosis patients Sofiana Anis Sahara; Noorhamdani; Etty Fitria Ruliatna
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Vol. 1 No. 2 (2021): Available Online: December 2021
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Clinical Microbiology (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/jcmid.v1i2.10

Abstract

Background: The fungal infection is a worldwide health problem triggered by the increasing number of antibiotic and immunosuppressant drug usage, indwelling catheter procedures, and immunocompromised patients. Lung fungal infection is a disease caused by colonization or the fungal infection hypersensitivity reaction. Lung cancer and lung tuberculosis (TB) are chronic diseases that can lead to an immunocompromised state and induce the colonization of Candida sp in the respiratory tract. Patients contracted with these diseases tend to colonize Candida sp. in their respiratory tract, which may develop to pulmonary candidiasis with worse prognostic. Thus, this study aimed to understand the difference of Candida sp colonization profile in the sputum of Lung cancer and lung TB patients. Method: This study was an observational study with a cross-sectional approach using 60 consecutively determined samples, where 30 samples were from each lung cancer and lung tuberculosis group. The data were analyzed by using SPSS 25 sav. For numeric variables, we used unpaired t-test analysis, meanwhile the categoric variables such as the laboratory, microscopic, and sputum culture test results; and compared the result statistically using Chi-Square analysis to compare the Candida sp colonization profile in both groups. Results: We found that 80% of the lung cancer patient and 87% of lung TB patients had positive results on Candida sp culture, which is dominated by Candida albicans. We observed higher WBC value and hyphae of Candida in the lung TB patient group. There was a significant difference in the sensitivity of Candida albicans isolate against Amphotericin B, and non-Candida albicans isolate against Fluconazole and Micafungin in the lung cancer and lung TB patients group. The sensitivity value of Gram assessment was 40% with 90% specificity. Conclusion: Candida albicans were mostly found among lung cancer and lung TB patients. There were significant differences in the WBC value and antifungal sensitivity test results in Candida albicans isolates against Amphotericin B and non-Candida albicans isolates against Fluconazole and Micafungin in lung cancer lung TB patients.

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