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Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
Published by Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik Indonesia
ISSN : -     EISSN : 28089405     DOI : https://doi.org/10.51559/jcmid
Core Subject : Science,
Immunology & microbiology
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases; peer-reviewed journal aiming to communicate high-quality research articles, reviews, and general articles in the field. JCMID publishes articles that encompass basic research/clinical studies related to microbiology and infectious disease. The Journal aims to bridge and integrate the intellectual, methodological, and substantive diversity of medical scholarship and encourage a vigorous dialogue between medical scholars and practitioners.
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Mikrobiologi (Medis)
Articles 51 Documents
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The correlation between Candida colonization index and risk factors of invasive candidiasis among patient in intensive care unit Tiyakusuma, Evira; Noorhamdani AS; Ruliatna, Etty Fitria
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): Available online: June 2024
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Clinical Microbiology (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/jcmid.v4i1.41

Abstract

Background: Invasive candidiasis is frequently found among patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICU) due to immunocompromised state and performed the invasive procedure. To simplify invasive candidiasis screening, the Candida colonization index (CCI) was performed on the patients. But the implication of the CCI towards the risk factors of invasive candidiasis has never been evaluated before. Hence this study aims to evaluate the correlation between the CCI and invasive candidiasis risk factors and antifungal therapy. Methods: During this study, CCI was collected from routine clinical culture results of the ICU patients while information regarding risk factors was obtained from routine follow-ups conducted on patients in the ICU. This study showed a significant correlation between the CCI, and several risk factors of invasive candidiasis, such as sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, number of invasive medical instruments, and Candida score. Results: These results support the hypothesis that proposes a certain correlation between CCI and risk factors of invasive candidiasis. There is also a significant correlation between antifungal therapy and the prevalence of Candida non-albicans colonization. Conclusion: This study also supports the hypothesis that proposes shifting in the distribution of Candida species causing invasive candidiasis from Candida albicans to Candida non-albicans due to misappropriate use of antifungal therapy.
Rickettsia as an agent of neglected Rickettsia infection Tjampakasari, Conny Riana; Kiranasari, Ariyani; Abas, Ghina Mutiara
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): Available online: June 2024
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Clinical Microbiology (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/jcmid.v4i1.42

Abstract

Rickettsia is an obligate parasite of certain arthropods (especially ticks, mites, and ticks) and can cause serious diseases. OmpA dan OmpB is a surface protein that facilitates Rickettsia’s fast attachment and entry into the endothelium. Clinical symptoms are usually characterized by self-limited acute fever in both humans and other animals. Diseases caused by Rickettsia are endemic in almost all around the world, including Indonesia. Rickettsia diseases include epidemic typhus, murine typhus, scrub typhus, and spotted fever. Culture, nucleic acid amplification, and serological tests can be used as diagnostic examinations. The serological test is the gold standard of Rickettsial diagnostic, even though molecular tests have been developed. Diagnostic limitations mean that rickettsiosis is often overlooked as a cause of infection. Rickettsia eradication was carried out by giving tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and rifampin. Vaccines are not yet available so prevention and appropriate use of antibiotics based on the diagnostic examination will determine the success of eradication.
Level of SARS-CoV-2 exposure post the CoronaVac vaccination in health workers at Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang Bormasa, Pelpina; Santoso, Sanarto; Diyah, Nurima; Wahono, Cesarius Singgih; Retnoningsih, Dewi
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): Available online: June 2024
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Clinical Microbiology (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/jcmid.v4i1.46

Abstract

Introduction. COVID-19 is considered a new emerging infection due to SARS-CoV-2. CoronaVac refers to an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine obtaining EUL (Emergency use listing) from BPOM RI and WHO. This vaccine was previously reported to exhibit good efficacy in generating protective antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, health workers in Indonesia might pose a high risk of COVID-19 exposure, leading to mortality. This study aims to identify the level of SARS-CoV-2 exposure to the CoronaVac vaccination in health workers at Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang. Methods. This study implemented analytical observational research with a prospective cohort approach on health workers at Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, who received the 2nd dose of vaccination dose with a 14-day interval. All study subjects were observed for 6 months by examining the level of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 obtained from the results of nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab examinations of SARS-CoV-2 RT PCR examination. Categorical data were tested by using Chi-square or Fisher exact. Results. From 184 samples, the SARS-CoV-2 exposure indicated several outcomes: positive 57 (31 %) and negative 127 (69%). Severity degrees of COVID-19 disease were asymptomatic 17 (29.8%), mild 37 (64.9), moderate 3 (5.3%), severe 0 (0%), and there were no mortality cases. The time (duration) of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 post-CoronaVac vaccination indicated that the highest number of participants with positive RT-PCR swab results post-vaccination was in the fifth month of the CoronaVac vaccination with 41 people. Clinical symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 exposure experienced by participants post the CoronaVac vaccination included pneumonia (3 people), cough and cold (27 people), fever (22 people), myalgia (17 people), and sore throat (11 people). There was no significant relationship p value > 0.05 between gender, age, comorbidities, and Ct value on SARS-CoV-2 exposure post CoronaVac vaccination in health workers at Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang. Conclusion. There was SARS-CoV-2 exposure of 31% post the CoronaVac vaccination in health workers at Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang.
Comparison of synergistic effects of multiple combinations of anti-pseudomonas antibiotics against Pseudomonas aeruginosa pan drug resistance in in vitro test with AZDAST Method Putri, Citra Destya Rahma; Etty Fitria Ruliatna; Retnoningsih, Dewi; Rahayu, Siwipeni Irmawanti; Noorhamdani
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): Available online: June 2024
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Clinical Microbiology (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/jcmid.v4i1.48

Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat to public health. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pan Drug-Resistant requires the latest antimicrobials. This limitation of therapy requires a breakthrough in the treatment of this infection. Combining antimicrobials with a synergistic effect is thought to increase the cure rate in clinical use. This study aimed to determine the synergistic effect of several combinations of anti-pseudomonas antibiotics against Pan Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an in vitro test using the AZDAST method. Method: An Antibiotic combination test was carried out using the AZDAST method to assess in vitro synergistic activity. The antibiotic single disk used was Amikacin 30 µg, Ceftazidime 30 µg, Meropenem 10 µg, Ciprofloxacin 5 µg; double disk antibiotic is Amikacin 30 µg, Ceftazidime 30 µg, Meropenem 10 µg, Ciprofloxacin 5 µg and combination antibiotic disks Amikacin 30 µg-Ceftazidime 30 µg, Amikacin 30 µg-Meropenem 10 µg, Amikacin 30 µg-Ciprofloxacin 5 µg in which two antibiotic paper disks are combined stacked together, with a 24 mm gap between the other antibiotic combinations. Result: The results showed that combining the four antibiotics had a synergistic effect. The zone of inhibition resulting from testing the combination of several antibiotics against Pan Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed no statistical significance (p > 0.05) compared to all antibiotics and comparisons in the combination group of antibiotics only. Conclusion: The combination of anti-pseudomonas antibiotics synergizes with Pan Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the AZDAST method in vitro test.
Bacterial Filtration Efficiency Stevina, Lany; Tjampakasari, Conny Riana
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): Available online: June 2024
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Clinical Microbiology (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/jcmid.v4i1.49

Abstract

Background: The specifications of medical masks are different from those of non-medical masks although they may appear similar. Currently, the Indonesian Government through the Ministry of Health has made efforts to tighten supervision of the quality of medical mask products circulating in the community. Bacterial Filtration Efficiency (BFE) testing is one of the requirements for medical masks to obtain circulation permit from the Indonesian Ministry of Health. Medical masks can be considered good if they have a minimum bacterial filtration efficiency of 95%. If the percentage of BFE result is greater, then the ability of the mask to filter bacteria is also greater. This review aims to provide information on the performance of various types of medical masks through BFE testing and the relationship with the characteristics of the materials used. Method: Relevant articles were obtained from PubMed, Science Direct, Research Gate, Google Scholar, and springer databases and then filtered. Sixteen articles were reviewed and included in this study to achieve the study objective. Result: There are various types of medical masks including surgical masks and N-95 respirator masks. One of the requirements for medical masks is the ability to filter or (BFE) test. Factors that affect the filtration ability of masks include the type of material used and the method of making the mask. Conclusion: Testing the filtration efficiency of medical masks can be done through the Bacterial Filtration Efficiency (BFE) test. Good medical masks must have a minimum bacterial filtration efficiency of 95%.
Various types of extended spectrum β-lactamases: a literature review Rastuti, Made Rina; Budayanti, Ni Nyoman Sri; Dwija, Ida Bagus Nyoman Putra
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Available online: December 2023
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Clinical Microbiology (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/jcmid.v3i2.52

Abstract

The inappropriate use of antibacterials causes the spread of resistance in bacteria and increases the health burden of infection due to the nature of resistance to many classes of antibiotics which are referred to as multi-resistant (multidrug resistant). Extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) is one of the enzymes that cause multi-resistance, where bacteria with this enzyme become resistant to third-generation cephalosporin antibiotics which are often used to treat gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial infections in humans with minimal side effects. β -lactamase is an enzyme capable of hydrolyzing the β-lactam ring in β -lactam class antibiotics so that antibiotics become inactive. Mutations in the gene that encodes this enzyme produce a β-lactamase enzyme which can break down the β-lactam ring in all penicillin and cephalosporin antibiotics. The classification of β-lactamases is complex due to genetic, biochemical properties, and substrate affinity for β-lactamase inhibitors. There are also various types of ESBL enzyme-coding genes including TEM, SHV, CTX-M, VEB, PER, OXA, SFO-1, BEL-1, BES-1, TLA-1, and GES. This study aims to review various types of extended-spectrum β-lactamases.
Congenital neurosyphilis in neonatal sepsis by Leclercia adecarboxylata: a case report Tanaya, Putu Wahyu Dyatmika; Manuaba, Ida Ayu Sri Kusuma Dewi; Saputra, I Wayan Agus Gede Manik
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Vol. 3 No. 2 (2023): Available online: December 2023
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Clinical Microbiology (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/jcmid.v3i2.54

Abstract

Introduction: Sepsis remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. In accordance with the development of diagnostic testing, various pathogens have been found to cause neonatal sepsis, ranging from common to even rarer pathogens. Leclercia adecarboxylata is a Gram-negative bacillus rarely found in neonatal sepsis and was previously found predominantly in environmental settings and the human gastrointestinal tract as commensal bacteria. We describe a rare case of Leclercia adecarboxylata in neonatal sepsis with congenital neurosyphilis. Case Description: We present a male neonate born from a positive syphilis serological test mother, presented with sepsis manifestation. Blood culture reveals growth of Leclercia adecarboxylata. The patient received both therapeutic regimens of antibiotics for sepsis and congenital syphilis. The cerebrospinal fluid analysis also performed revealed suggestive of congenital neurosyphilis. The patient passed away due to multiple organ failure. Conclusion: Neonatal sepsis and congenital neurosyphilis present with identical manifestations; therefore, appropriate recognition and comprehensive management should be done
Knowledge and practice of COVID-19 pandemic prevention in a community in Jakarta Wahid, Mardiastuti H; Kiranasari, Ariyani; Ningsih, Ika; Sari, Meutia Kumala; Aziz, Mochamad Helmi
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Vol. 4 No. 1 (2024): Available online: June 2024
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Clinical Microbiology (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/jcmid.v4i1.55

Abstract

Introduction: COVID-19 is an emerging infectious disease that causes a pandemic with high morbidity and mortality due to its wide transmission. This situation should be prevented not only by the government but also by the community. Efforts have taken place to prevent COVID-19 transmission including the obligation to wear masks, wash hands, keep a distance, stay at home, avoid crowds, and administer the vaccination. This study aims to examine the communities’ knowledge, perception, and practice in preventing the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study in a suburban area in Jakarta. Ninety-seven respondents participated in this study. Data was collected by filling questionnaire via G-form and analyzed descriptively.   Results: A total of ninety-seven respondents participated in this study with aged 18-73 years. In terms of knowledge about COVID-19, the majority of the respondents know the etiology, symptoms, transmission, and the way to prevent the disease. Only less than half of them understand that corpses are capable of transmitting COVID-19. However, this research found a lack of implementation of practice in preventing COVID-19 transmission because only 62.9% of respondents always bring hand sanitizer/ABHS. Only a small percentage change clothes after leaving the house, do exercise, and take vitamins. Conclusion: Although the community has sufficient knowledge and a good perception of COVID-19 prevention, rigorous effort should be provided to enhance the quality of practice of the community, to prevent the spread of COVID-19.
Gram stain evaluation in dermatovenereology clinic and microbiology laboratories: case series Kusumadewi, Yolanda Pitra; Kholidah, Siti Nurhayati; Susetiati, Devi Artami; Nuryastuti, Titik
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025): Available online : 1 June 2025
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Clinical Microbiology (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/jcmid.v5i1.59

Abstract

Introduction: The normal vaginal flora consists of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria; Lactobacillus sp. is the main microorganism in the vagina. In bacterial vaginosis, there is a decrease in Lactobacillus sp. and an increase in pathogenic bacteria. Direct gram staining of vaginal fluid is the standard microbiological method for diagnosing bacterial vaginosis. Gram staining allows us to distinguish between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria based on differential staining with crystal violet iodine complex and safranin. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the gram stain results between the dermatovenereology clinic and microbiology laboratories. Case description: Direct gram staining of vaginal or cervical swabs was carried out on women aged 19 years, women aged 29 years, and women aged 40 years. The gram staining was carried out at the dermatovenereology clinic and microbiology laboratory with different results between the two locations. Conclusion: It is important to evaluate the process of taking vaginal fluid samples, making smears/slides, and gram staining so that the quality of the examination results is maintained
Case report of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in corneal ulcer: why is it difficult to treat? Kusumadewi, Yolanda Pitra; Karina, Stefani Melisa; Setyowati, Reny; Suhardjo; Rizki, Ludhang Pradipta
Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): Available online : 1 December 2024
Publisher : Indonesian Society for Clinical Microbiology (Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Mikrobiologi Klinik Indonesia)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.51559/jcmid.v4i2.60

Abstract

Introduction: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic bacterium and has rarely been reported as a cause of infection in the cornea. Ocular infection due to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic infection followed by instability of the ocular surface. Casalita et al. (2020), in their research at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia found two cases of infected corneal ulcers due to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Case description: A 57-year-old man came to the eye clinic with pain in the left eye and blurred vision. The patient was diagnosed with severe corneal ulcer and regularly came for the treatment. The patient felt that his eye suddenly got worse with visual acuity only to his hand movement. Corneal ulcer swab procedure is performed when the patient firstly visit the clinic. Samples are sent to the microbiology laboratory for culture examination. Culture results obtained were coagulase negative Staphylococcus and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Conclusion: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has several virulence factors, including resistance to various antibiotics, making it difficult to treat.

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