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INDONESIA
Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga
Published by Indonesian Journal Publisher
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30261600     DOI : https://doi.org/10.47134/jpo
Core Subject : Education, Social,
Education Social Sciences Other
Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga (JPO) is a scientific journal published by Indonesian Journal Publisher. JPO publishes four issues annually in the months of September, December, March, and June. This journal only accepts original scientific research works (not a review) that have not been published by other media. The focus and scope of Pubmedia Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga include articles of a high standard on various aspects of physical education, physical activity, sport, health and nutrition. The journal facilitates effective communication across all sub-disciplines of sports education.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Sosial - Kesehatan (Ilmu Sosial)
Articles 117 Documents
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The Effect of Low-Intensity Exercise on Some Post-Exertion Physiological Variables in Developing the Skill of Defending the Court among Volleyball Players Hamid, Ahmed Walhan; Abdullah, Ali Talal; Farhan, Riad Abdelreda; Abdulridha, Samer Saadoon
Pubmedia Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): September
Publisher : Indonesian Journal Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47134/jpo.v3i1.2113

Abstract

To develop low-intensity exercises on some physiological variables after exercise in developing the skill of defending the court among volleyball players. To identify the effect of low-intensity exercises on some physiological variables after exercise in developing the skill of defending the court among volleyball players. The researcher used the experimental method as it is the most appropriate method to address the research problem. The research community was deliberately selected, comprising advanced volleyball players in Diyala Governorate. The research sample was randomly selected by lottery, comprising players from the Hibheb Sports Club and the Muqdadiyah Sports Club. They were divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. Hibheb Club represented the experimental group, numbering (14) players, while Al-Wajihiya Club represented the control group (14). (Four) players were selected from both clubs to represent the exploratory experiment. Their results were excluded from the main experiment, resulting in a final sample of (24) players. Low-intensity exercises have shown a clear effectiveness in reducing the concentration of lactic acid in the blood after physical exertion, indicating a significant improvement in the efficiency of the metabolic response and physiological recovery in volleyball players. The training program based on low-intensity exercises contributed to reducing the heart rate in the pre-, during-, and post-effort phases, indicating an improvement in the efficiency of the circulatory-respiratory system and an increase in the body's ability to regulate the heart under the influence of exertion. Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV₁) improved significantly after applying the method. The researcher recommends the necessity of integrating low-intensity exercises in a systematic manner into daily training units, especially in the post-effort phases, due to their effect in accelerating recovery and improving the player's physiological indicators. He also recommends employing low-intensity exercises before exertion as part of a dynamic warm-up to improve physiological preparation and activate the circulatory and respiratory systems before entering peak performance.
The Effect of Specialized Transitional Speed on Developing some Offensive Variables for the Youth Football Pivot Player Hasan, Ahmed Qays; Khan, Ahmed Abbas Ali
Pubmedia Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): September
Publisher : Indonesian Journal Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47134/jpo.v3i1.2114

Abstract

Every study endeavor is driven by a specific goal that researchers aim to achieve. The present study seeks to design specialized transitional speed exercises and subsequently examine their effectiveness in developing selected offensive variables for the youth football pivot player. Transitional speed is considered one of the most critical physical attributes that distinguish athletes across various sports disciplines. It is defined as the ability to move swiftly from one location to another, it also requires a combination of strength, speed, and endurance. In this context, the study explores the significance of transitional speed in different sports and how to develop and enhance it among athletes. The experimental method was employed using a one-group design with pre- and post-tests. The sample of the study consisted of pivot players from Al-Miqdadiya Football Club, with the experimental group comprising two pivot players from the club. Additionally, a pilot sample included one pivot player outside the main study sample. Following the administration of tests, implementation of the primary training experiment, and achievement of results and statically analyzing them, the researchers came up with the following key conclusions: transitional speed exercises proved effective in improving selected offensive variables for youth football pivot players. The researchers recommend palcing greater emphasis on the development of the pivot player, both defensively and offensively.
Designing a Predictive Model Using Artificial Intelligence to Evaluate Training Load in Football Players Ali, Ali Hussein; A. Shalal , Azhaar
Pubmedia Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): September
Publisher : Indonesian Journal Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47134/jpo.v3i1.2115

Abstract

The objective of this research is the development of a predictive model using artificial intelligence techniques that makes it possible to evaluate the training load presented by soccer players, with the intention to optimize training programs and ensuring that they are in line with players' capabilities and physiological and physical needs. The model was built using a diverse set of sports and physiological data observed by modern tools utilising high-end technological capabilities. This study centred around designing algorithms that are able to learn from past and present data to predict whether athletes will respond in certain ways to prescribed training loads, therefore supporting more precise and efficient coaching decisions. In addition to supporting the previously studied approaches based on conventional approaches, the proposed model has been shown by us to be more easily adaptable and accurate in evaluation, with a much higher degree of flexibility, enabling it quickly to handle and analyze large volumes of data reliably. The findings from the analysis indicated a great potential for the best use of artificial intelligence within this domain to improve sports performance and mitigate the likelihood of injuries/unstructured training. The success of the model will mainly rely on data quality, which in this case focused on obtaining data from a range of different devices (performance measurement devices, imaging technologies, and biological analysis techniques) to accurately depict each player's physical status [20, 22]. This model helps in delivering the sophisticated analytical tools that enable coaches to continuously monitor training load, and build player-specific training schedule to create a fine balance between load and recovery. ConclusionOverall, this work is among the first steps towards incorporating artificial intelligence into sports development pathways, but also opens up future perspectives that will be characterized by exponential technological progress and will be driven to leverage improvement evaluation and training programme management processes in a more efficient and precise manner.
Selected Biomechanical Variables and Their Relationship with the Accuracy Index of the Forehand Topspin Stroke Among Table Tennis Players of Khanaqin Sports Club Hassan, Azad Ali
Pubmedia Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): September
Publisher : Indonesian Journal Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47134/jpo.v3i1.2117

Abstract

Table tennis is considered one of the sports with high physical demands, requiring a set of precise motor skills such as speed, strength, and accuracy to execute movements proficiently. Among the most prominent skills that a player needs to master in this game are the forehand and backhand spin shots, which require a high level of coordination among various biomechanical forces that control the player's motor performance. Problem of the Study: The main scientific problem is that traditional tests used to measure the accuracy of spin shots often rely solely on analyzing the ball's landing area, without considering the time taken to execute the shot, even though time is a critical factor that can directly affect the effectiveness and accuracy of performance. Hence, there is a need to adopt a new research perspective that considers the integration of racket angle, shot execution time, and ball trajectory as a methodological approach to developing more accurate and objective assessment tools. The researcher have adopted biomechanics as a means to achieve the following objectives:  1. To determine the accuracy index of forehand and backhand spin shots for players from Khanqin Sports Club in table tennis. 2. To explore the relationship between some biomechanical variables (racket angle and ball launch speed) and the accuracy index of forehand and backhand spin shots, aiming to identify how these variables affect performance. Hypothesis of the Study: There is a statistically significant relationship between some biomechanical variables (racket angle and ball launch speed) and the accuracy index of forehand spin shots for players from Khanqin Sports Club in table tennis. This chapter includes the methodology used by the researcher. The researcher employed various means and tools to collect information and samples, defined as "a set of units or observations taken from the research community through different methods known as sampling methods. Accordingly, the research sample included (75) observations divided among (5) players, with (15) observations taken from each player to select some biomechanical variables. Chapter Four. The results obtained through statistical treatments were presented and compared with the corresponding tabulated values. The results were then analyzed and discussed according to scientific sources, both Arabic and foreign. The researchers found significant and non-significant relationships among the studied research variables. 1.Slightly reduce ball speed when attempting to achieve higher accuracy. 2. Use a slightly larger racket angle (less acute) to improve control over the ball. If you need any further assistance or modifications, feel free to ask  
The Impact of Skill Exercises According to Self -efficacy Method on some Visual Perception Skills and the Learning of Shooting Skill in Basketball for Students Shakir, Salam Musa
Pubmedia Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): September
Publisher : Indonesian Journal Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47134/jpo.v3i1.2118

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the impact of skill-based exercises grounded in the self-efficacy approach on the development of visual perception among learners during the acquisition of the basketball shooting skill. Self-efficacy is a core psychological concept that reflects an individual's confidence in their ability to perform tasks and achieve goals, and it plays a fundamental role in enhancing both motor and visual performance. The problem of the study lies in the weakness of visual information processing among some learners, which leads to deficiencies in shape discrimination, distance perception, object recognition, figure-ground differentiation, as well as challenges in visual memory and spatial awareness. The researcher adopted an experimental methodology, dividing the sample into two groups: a control group and an experimental group. Standardized tests were administered to assess visual perception and shooting performance, and the data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software. The results revealed statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group, indicating that exercises based on the self-efficacy approach effectively enhanced learners’ perceptual, imaginative, and motor response abilities. These exercises also contributed to improving visual understanding through structured repetition, practical application, and interactive explanation. In light of these findings, the study recommends applying this training approach in other sports disciplines, given its positive impact on the development of visual and motor performance among learners.
Modeling the Relationship Between Electromyographic Activity and Grip Force Using AI: A Sports Biomechanics Approach Qaduri, Rafid Habeb; Mustafa, Noora Mohammed; Ismaeel, Safaa Abdulwahab; Jasim , Ahmed Naseef; Ahmed, Nawras Najeeb
Pubmedia Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): September
Publisher : Indonesian Journal Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47134/jpo.v3i1.2119

Abstract

This study aimed to develop a predictive model of hand grip strength based on electromyographic (EMG) signals and to examine the variance between predicted and actual grip force values. The research involved a sample of 12 advanced-level handball players with verified medical histories. Grip strength was assessed using a customized device capable of capturing force output in Newtons at 0.1-second intervals, synchronized with EMG data recorded via the Noraxon myoMOTION system (400 Hz, 8 channels). Key EMG metrics analyzed included peak amplitude, root mean square (RMS), and time to peak activation, among others. Participants were tested at three intensity levels (50%, 75%, and 100%), each sustained for 3 seconds. Data analysis and variable selection were conducted using IBM statistical tools and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model specifically designed to predict grip strength based on EMG features. Findings indicated that, although the predicted grip strength values closely mirrored the actual readings, the minor differences observed were not statistically significant.
The Empact of the Developed Caffarel Model on Cognitive Knowledge and Learning the Effectiveness of Long Jump for Students Salman, Rabih Hazem; Aziz, Ahlam Dara; Ashour, Ismail Abd Zaid
Pubmedia Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): September
Publisher : Indonesian Journal Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47134/jpo.v3i1.2120

Abstract

This research aimed to identify the effect of the developed Caffarel model on cognitive knowledge and learning the long jump skill. The researchers used the experimental method with a two-group design (experimental and control). The research population included first-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Al-Nusour University College, for the academic year (2024-2025). The population included (213) students. They were divided into five sections. After excluding failed students and club and team players, the researchers randomly selected the sample from sections (A) and (B) into two groups: the control group, including (12) students, followed the curriculum provided by the college, while the experimental group, including (12) students, followed the developed Caffarel model. The model was introduced to the same exercises followed in the college. Ten students were selected for the purpose of the pilot study. Thus, the sample constituted (11%) of the research population. In order to avoid factors that affect the results of the experiment and attribute the differences to the experimental factor, the researchers conducted homogeneity on their research sample in the variables of height, weight and age. Moreover, they conducted a pre-test and prepared two units per week for a period of 8 weeks. The number of educational units was 16, with a duration of 90 minutes for each educational unit. After that, the post-test was conducted. The SPSS was utilized to reach the results and conclusions. The results showed that the developed Caffarel model had a positive impact on the cognitive process. The experimental group outperformed the control group in cognitive knowledge experience. Furthermore, the developed Caffarel model had a positive impact on learning the long jump, as demonstrated by significant differences in favor of the post-test for the experimental and control groups. Thus, this research recommended adopting the developed Caffarel model when teaching track and field activities, including the long jump. It also recommended adopting cognitive knowledge as a basis for educational curricula, in accordance with the requirements for learning various skills.
The Effect of Suggested Exercises on the Recovery of Some Physiological Indicators After Anaerobic Exercise for Indoor Gymnastics Players Mohamed, Rafel Mahmoud
Pubmedia Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): September
Publisher : Indonesian Journal Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47134/jpo.v3i1.2121

Abstract

Given the importance of recovery for athletes during rest periods, as it is one of the components of the training load in achieving appropriate development in physiological or physical components, interest has emerged in these vital components of the training load, as the adaptation of the cardiovascular system during static exercise varies depending on the body's position, leading to a simultaneous shutdown of the pressure receptors. Hence, the researcher sees the importance of her research in the importance of the exercises the body undertakes through the suggested exercises after aerobic and anaerobic exercise during the recovery period, and in returning the athlete's body to its natural state in a better way. The problem of the research lies in the numerous problems indoor gymnastics coaches face during training for their games. During training, the athlete is exposed to two types of training effects (intensity and volume), which cause significant destruction of living cells in the body as a result of the high training load. Accordingly, The researcher believes it is necessary to conduct a field study to determine the best way for a player's body to recover after performing anaerobic exercise, allowing them to return to normal, reduce their heart rate, and return to normal. The researcher used an experimental approach, as it suited the nature and problem of the research. She conducted a pilot experiment, followed by pre-tests and exercises in the main experiment. She then conducted post-tests under the same conditions as the pre-tests. The SPSS statistical package was used to extract the results, which were then presented and discussed, supported by scientific sources. Through her research, she concluded that the proposed exercises had a positive impact on the recovery of some physiological indicators after anaerobic exercise for indoor gymnasts.
Towards Evidence-Based Talent Identification in Youth Volleyball: Designing a Dual-Dimensional Evaluation Tool Faihan, Amer Mishaal
Pubmedia Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): September
Publisher : Indonesian Journal Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47134/jpo.v3i1.2122

Abstract

The process of talent identification in youth volleyball is a complicated task because there are no effective and evidence-based instruments to combine technical and physical aspects of a player performance. The proposed study attempts to design, develop, and validate a Dual-Dimensional Evaluation Tool in order to increase the accuracy of the prediction and objectivity of talent identification processes. A cross-sectional and longitudinal observation and quantitative research design with 100-300 youth volleyball players (under age 18 years) was used sampling the youth players in schools, academies and volleyball clubs. The tool will involve two major dimensions; namely Physical Metrics (e.g., height, reach, sprint speed, agility, and jump performance) and Technical Skill Metrics (e.g., serve accuracy, setting precision, defensive digs, spike targeting, and game intelligence). Data were collected using standardized protocols on the one hand using trained assessors and on the other through video validation of skill-based assessment. Evidence of support was developed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) as scale validation to support the two-factor structure, Cronbach alpha as a reminder of internal consistency, inter-rater reliability concerning the subjective ratings and regression modeling in regards to the predictive capacity of the scores of future performance outcomes. Test difficulty and scoring were refined on the basis of preliminary pilot testing of 30 participants. The last scoring system resulted in a normalised Talent Index Score that was based 60 percent technical performance, and 40 percent physical performance. The findings proved to be highly reliable (alpha > 0.85) and articulately distinguished into dimensions and correlations were significant between tool scores and future competitive success. The suggested assessment protocol provides coaches and talent scouts with a valid and flexible platform to employ a consistent and methodical process of recognizing potential youth volleyball players and advising the long-term athlete development schemes.
Designing an (AI) Enhanced Training Program Based on Physical Level Using Performance Sensors to Develop Speed Endurance and Some Basic Skills for Young Football Players Kwair, Ali Nadhim
Pubmedia Jurnal Pendidikan Olahraga Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): September
Publisher : Indonesian Journal Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47134/jpo.v3i1.2123

Abstract

Sport training no longer relies solely on coaches' experience, intuition, and practice as it did in the past. Instead, it has become more advanced and precise, thanks to artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. In the digital era, athletes and coaches now have access to advanced analytical tools that enable them to assess performance with high levels of accuracy, surpassing traditional human capabilities. The research problem stems from the fact that many young players experience a decline in their performance during matches in the Iraqi league due to reduced speed endurance. This decline negatively impacts passing accuracy, decision-making speed, and the ability to excel in one-on-one situations. This issue prompted the researcher to design a training program using AI-enhanced performance sensors based on players' physical levels to develop speed endurance and some fundamental football skills.

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